First Report of Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum

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Jun 6, 2018 - Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is a popular vegetable throughout the world including. Korea. In October 2011, anthracnose symptoms were ...
6/6/2018

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Published by The American Phytopathological Society About the current issue's cover ISSN: 0191-2917 e-ISSN: 1943-7692 SEARCH Enter Keywords MPMI Phytobiomes Phytopathology Plant Disease

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Accepted for publication https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-18-0711-PDN

First Report of Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum fioriniae on Eggplant Fruits in Korea

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Dr. Sheng-Jun Xu Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, 1 Xincun, Academy

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of Agricultural Sciences, Anning, Lanzhou, Gansu, China, 730070; [email protected] Dr. Md Aktaruzzaman

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East Coast Life Science Institute, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 7 Jukheon-gil,

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PDF Print | PDF with Links Open Access. Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is a popular vegetable throughout the world including Korea. In October 2011, anthracnose symptoms were noticed on fruits of eggplant with 2 to 5% disease incidence in Gangneung, Korea. The symptoms initially appeared as brown, round, and sunken spots with salmon-colored spore masses on the lesions. Necrotic lesions gradually expanded to the whole fruits. The fungus was isolated from symptomatic fruit tissue and cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 25℃ in the dark. The color of colonies varied from white to light gray with salmon-colored spore masses and reverse ranging from brownish to pale orange with black spots. Conidia (n = 100) were hyaline,

https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/abs/10.1094/PDIS-04-18-0711-PDN

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6/6/2018

First Report of Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum fioriniae on Eggplant Fruits in Korea | Plant Disease smooth-walled, aseptate, straight, cylindrical to fusiform with both ends acute, and 9.5 to 14.5 × 2.7 to 4.1 μm. Appressoria (n = 20) were solitary, medium brown, smooth-walled, ellipsoidal to obovate, and 4.5 to 9.4 × 3.5 to 6.5 μm. The morphological characteristics of the fungus were consistent with previous descriptions of Colletotrichum fioriniae (Marcelino & Gouli) R.G. Shivas & Y.P. Tan (Shivas & Tan 2009). A representative isolate was deposited in the Korean Agricultural Culture Collection (KACC 47694) and used for further studies. To confirm the identity of the causal fungus, fungal DNA extracted from the representative isolate was amplified and sequenced with six DNA regions corresponding to the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), beta-tubulin (TUB2), actin (ACT), chitin (CHS-1), histone 3 (HIS3) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) according to Damm et al. (2012). BLAST analysis of the resulting 583 bp for ITS (KY695261), 773 bp for TUB2 (KY695260), 271 bp for ACT (KY695256), 282 bp for CHS-1 (KY695257), 415 bp for HIS3 (KY695259) and 264 bp for GAPDH (KY695258) sequences showed >99% similarity with reference sequences of C. fioriniae (e.g., KC845287, AB690809, JQ949613, JQ948953, JQ949283, JQ948623, respectively). Multilocus phylogenetic analysis based on these gene regions confirmed the isolate from eggplant clustered within P. fiorinae in the C. acutatum complex. For pathogenicity testing, a conidial suspension (5 × 105 conidia/ml) was prepared by harvesting conidia from 2-week-old cultures on PDA. Five disinfested healthy fruits were pinpricked with sterile needles and 50 μl of conidial suspension was inoculated by pipetting into the wounds. Another five fruits were treated with sterile distilled water and served as the control. All the fruits were placed in growth chamber and maintained at a temperature of 25 ± 2℃ and a relative humidity >90%. After 7 days, anthracnose symptoms developed on the inoculated fruits and were identical to those observed in the field, whereas no symptoms appeared on control fruits. The pathogen was re-isolated from the lesions of inoculated fruits, fulfilling Koch’s postulates. Eggplant anthracnose associated with C. circinans and C. coccodes has been already reported in Korea, but not with C. fioriniae (Farr and Rossman 2018) and C. fioriniae has been found on a wide range of host plants such as chili pepper, apple and plum but not on eggplant (Farr and Rossman 2018). However, to our knowledge, this is the first report of anthracnose caused by C. fioriniae on eggplant globally as well as in Korea.

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A, Natural symptoms of anthracnose on eggplant fruits. B, Symptoms on eggplant fruits induced 7 days after inoculation. C and D, Colony on potato dextrose agar at 25℃ for 10 days. E and F, Conidium. G and H, Appressoria.

The phylogenetic tree inferred from maximum likelihood analysis derived from sequence of combined multi-locus gene (ITS, TUB2, ACT, CHS-1, HIS3 and GAPDH retrieved) of Colletotrichum fioriniae and those of other Colletotrichum spp. The numbers above the nodes are supporting percentages by 1,000 bootstrap replicates. Colletotrichum truncatum was used as the outgroup. The Korean sequence is shown in bold.