Mar 27, 2018 - H. J. Zhao, College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang,. 471003, P.R. China; S. C. Chen,â College of Forestry, ...
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Published by The American Phytopathological Society About the current issue's cover ISSN: 0191-2917 e-ISSN: 1943-7692 SEARCH Enter Keywords MPMI Phytobiomes Phytopathology Plant Disease
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Previous Article | Next Article Posted online on 27 Mar 2018. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-08-17-1193-PDN
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First Report of Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum siamense in China
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H. J. Zhao, College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, † 471003, P.R. China; S. C. Chen, College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, P.R. China, and Department of Plant Science, Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College of Tibet University, Linzhi 860000, P.R. China; Y. F. Chen, C. C. Zou, and X. L. Wang, College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, P.R. China; Z. H. Wang, Department of Plant Science, Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College of Tibet University, Linzhi 860000, P.R. China; † and A. R. Liu and G. J. Ahammed, College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, P.R. China.
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Dragon fruit (Hylocereus spp.) belonging to the family Cactaceae is an economically important fruit crop in China. Its importance is attributed to attractive color, pleasant taste, high nutrient content, and anticancer and antiaging properties in humans. In the spring and summer of 2016 and 2017, a stem disease was observed on H. polyrhizus cultivar Lianhua in a 15 ha commercial farm in Danzhou City of Hainan Province, China, affecting approximately 25% of the plants. Stems of H. polyrhizus showed spots or small, circular, faint pink-to-brown necrotic lesions that generally coalesced as symptoms progressed. About 35% of severely diseased young dragon fruit trees wilted and died in the orchard approximately 40 days after the appearance of initial anthracnose symptoms. Stems of symptomatic plants were surface disinfected in 0.1% sodium hypochlorite solution for 35 s, washed in distilled water, and dried on sterile filter paper. Then small stem fragments were cut from the margin of the affected tissues, plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA), and kept at 25°C and 12-h photoperiod. After 3 days of incubation, a single conidium was isolated and plated in PDA cultures for morphological characterization. Mycelial colonies showed abundant aerial mycelia, gray to brownish, with pink-colored masses of conidia. Conidia were hyaline, one-celled, guttulate, cylindrical, spindle-shaped with obtuse ends, measuring from 10.3 to 16.5 × 3.1 to 6.8 μm with both ends rounded.
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Article History Published: 27 Mar 2018 First Look: 27 Dec 2017 Accepted: 24 Dec 2017
Cultural and conidial characteristics of the isolates were consistent with the description of Colletotrichum siamense (Prihastuti et al. 2009). The identity of a representative isolate, named CS22, was confirmed by means of a multilocus approach. Genomic DNA was extracted using the cetyl trimethylammonium bromide method. Regions from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and translation elongation factor-1 alpha (EF-1α) loci were amplified, sequenced with primers ITS-4 and ITS-5 (O’Donnell et al. 1998), EF-1 and EF-2 (O’Donnell et al. 1998), and AM-F and AM-R (Silva et al. 2012) and deposited in GenBank under accession numbers MF571889, MF571890, and MG657367, respectively. MegaBLAST analysis revealed that the ITS and TEF sequences were 99, 96, and 97% identical to C. siamense accessions numbers KR445673.1, KJ954494.1, and KC790590.1, respectively. 6
The isolates were tested for pathogenicity by injecting conidial suspensions (1 × 10
conidia/ml) and pricking colonized toothpicks on 20 healthy H. polyrhizus ‘Lianhua’ stems. An equal number of stems serving as controls were mock inoculated with sterile distilled water. Inoculation points were sealed with sterile moist cotton. All inoculated plants and controls were placed in a greenhouse under temperatures of 30 to 35°C (day) and 23 to 28°C (night). Development of external symptoms on inoculated plants was observed every alternate day for 2 weeks. The stem lesion symptoms were visible on the infected plants and resembled those observed in the field, whereas control plants remained asymptomatic. C. siamense was reisolated only from the infected stems and identified by morphological identification and resequencing, thus fulfilling Koch’s postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. siamense causing anthracnose on H. polyrhizus in China. The identification of this pathogen will allow the development of strategies for managing the disease in China.
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O’Donnell, K., et al. 1998. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 95:2044. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.5.2044 [Crossref] [ISI] [Google Scholar] Prihastuti, H., et al. 2009. Fungal Divers. 39:89. [ISI] [Google Scholar] Silva, D. N., et al. 2012. Mycologia 104:396. https://doi.org/10.3852/11-145 [Crossref] [ISI] [Google Scholar]
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Fig. 1 Symptoms of stem anthracnose disease, and re-inoculated identification and appearance of axenic culture of Colletotrichum siamense. A: disease of symptoms; B: control; C-D: re-inoculated stems; E: upper side; F: opposite side; G: spore, bar= 20 µm. The pictures shown in the lower panel are typical culture of Colletotrichum siamense on PDA medium for 7 days.