Dec 15, 2015 - Key words: Freshwater ornamental fish fauna, conservation status, ... (2003) listed 127 fish species under 26 families ..... Puntius amphibious.
J. Inland Fish. Soc. India, 47 (2): 27-37,2015
FRESHWATER ORNAMENTAL FISH DIVERSITY OF TAMIL NADU H. S. MOGALEKARAND P. JAWAHAR Department of Fisheries Biology and Resource Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Fisheries University, Thoothukudi-628 008, Tamil Nadu (Received:
05.11.2015; Accepted:
15.12.2015)
Freshwater bodies ofTamil Nadu are endowed with diverse ornamental fish fauna comprises of 156 species (including three subspecies) belonging to 68 generas, 27 families and eight orders. Of these, l31 species are endemic to Indian sub-continent, 14 species are endemic to Tamil Nadu and 11 are exotic species. The conservation status of ornamental fish shows that two species belongs to critically endangered category, 16 species endangered, seven species vulnerable, three species near threatened, 102 species least concern, five species data deficient and 21 species have not been evaluated against IUCN criteria. Captive breeding and massive seed ranching are necessary for restoration and replenishment of threatened ornamental fishes, as 16.0 % of ornamental fishes facing the threat. Key words: Freshwater ornamental fish fauna, conservation status, Tamil Nadu.
Introduction
Jayaram et al. (1982); Indra (1991, 1992, 1993, 1994);Talwar and Jhingran (1991); Devi et al. (1997); Devi and Raghunathan (1997); Sreenivasan (1998); Arunachalam and Sankaranarayanan (1999); Devi and Raghunathan (1999); Arunachalam and Manirnekalan (2000); Arunachalam et al. (2000); Devi and Indra (2000); Gopalakrishnan and Ponniah (2000); Jeyaraj (2000); Shaji et al. (2000); Balasundaram et al. (2001); Johnson and Arunachalam (2009); Knight and Devi (2009); Knight and Devi (2010); Jayaram (2010); Dhinakaran et al. (2011); Knight eta!. (2012); Ng (2013); Knight and Devi (2014); Manickam et al. (2014); Rajasekaran and Sivakumar (2014); Silambarasan et al. (2014); Sivakami et al. (2014); Manikandan and Muralidharan (2015) and Murugan et al. (2015). Updated information on species composition of freshwaterornamental fishes from various localities ofTamil Nadu is documented in this paper.
Tamil Nadu is south-eastern stateofIndia and blessed with varied freshwater fisheries resources due to existence of Eastern Ghats on the North and Western Ghats on the west. Rivers originating from Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats has been conferred with diverse fish germplasm resources (Devi and Indra, 2003; Johnson andArunachalam, 2009; Raghavan et al., 2013; Mogalekar et al., 2015). According to Shaji et al. (2000), 287 species of freshwater fishes have been reported from the Western Ghats ofIndia. Devi and Indra (2003) listed 127 fish species under 26 families and nine orders from Eastern Ghats of India. Ornamental fishes are attractive colourful fishes of various characteristics, which can be retained as pets in aquarium or a garden pool for fun and fancy. These living jewels need not always have to be bright colours; as sometimes their peculiar characteristics such as body colour, morphology or mode of taking food may also add to their attractiveness. Freshwater ornamental fishes of Tamil Nadu were reported by Raj (1916);
Materials and methods The checklist of freshwater ornamental fish fauna from different localities of Tamil Nadu was 27
MOGALEKARANDJAWAHAR endangered while 16 species are endangered, whereas seven species are vulnerable. There are 105 species under the non-threatened category, among which three are near threatened, whereas 102 species belonged to low risk ofleast concern and 21 species have not been evaluated against IUCN criteria.
compiled based on published literature in the form of research articles, monographs, books, species checklists and technical reports. Classification of all taxa follows Talwar and Jhingran (1991), Jayaram (2010) and fishbase (Froese and Pauly, 2013) and based on our own judgement we have adopted the better one. Details on the endemicity or exoticity and Maximum size [TotalLength (TL) or Standard Length (SL)] of all species was obtained by retrieving species level information from the published literature as well as FishBase (Froese and Pauly, 2013). The endemicity or exoticity of all species indicated based on Indian subcontinent. The list of ornamental fishes is prepared based on colouration pattern, shape and maximum size. Information on the conservation status of all taxa in this paper was retrieved from the International Union for Conservation ofNature (IUCN) Red List Categories and criteria (Version 2015.2) downloaded on 29 October 2015 (IUCN, 2015).
Species confmed to the freshwater bodies ofTamil Nadu are Enobarbichthys maeulatus (Day, 1868); Dawkinsia arulius arulius (Jerdon, 1849); Dawkinsia arulius tambraparniei (Silas, 1954); Devario neilgherriensis (Day, 1867); Garra hughi (Silas, 1955); Garra mcclellandi (Jerdon, 1849); Horalabiosa joshuai (Silas, 1954); Horalabiosa palaniensis (Devi and Menon, 1994); Osteobrama neilli (Day, 1873); Osteoehilus nashii (Day, 1869); Pethia sharmai (Menon and Devi, 1993); Puntius mudumalaiensis (Menon and Devi, 1992); Nemaeheilus nilgiriensis (Menon, 1987) and Noemaeheilus triangularis tambaraparniensis (Menon, 1987). Currently many of the endemic, high value ornamental fishes are exploited for commercial purposes from the wild, thus annoying their degree of endangerment.
Results and discussion The name of the species,alongwith theirendemicity or exoticity,maximum size (TL or SL),conservation status as per IUCN criteria and references for their occurrence has been recorded as shown in Table 1.One hundred and fifty six ornamental fish species under eight orders, 27 families and 68 genera were recorded from streams, rivers, canals, reservoirs, irrigation tanks and cold water lakes of Tamil Nadu. Cyprinidae (45.5 %) was the most dominant family represented by 71 species belonging to 22 genera, followed by Nemacheilidae (nine species from two genera), Ambassidae (eight species from three genera) and Cichlidae (seven species from four genera) (Table 1 and 2). Of the 156 species, 14 species are endemic to Tamil Nadu, 131 species are endemic to Indian subcontinent and 11species are exotic and alien. Among the species listed under threatened category, two are critically
The exotic ornamental fish species in Tamil Nadu are Tinea tinea (Linnaeus, 1758); Gambusia affinis (Baird and Girard, 1853); Poeeilia reticulata (Peters, 1859); Cichlasoma trimaculatum (Gunther 1867); Hemichromis bimaculatus (Gill 1862); Oreochromis aureus (Steindachner 1864); Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852); Osphronemus gourami (Lacepede 1801); Trichopodus trichopterus (Pallas, 1770); Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus (Weber, 1991) and Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Castelnau, 1855) (Table 1). Species such as Barbodes wynaadensis (Day, 1873) and Hemibagrus punetatus (Jerdon, 1849) 28
ORNAMENTAL FISH DIVERSITY Table I. Checklist
of freshwater
ornamental
fishes of Tamil Nadu
Order / Family / Species Order: Beloniformes Family: Adrianichthyidae Oryzias carnaticus (Jerdon, 1849) Oryzias dancena (Hamilton, 1822) Oryzias melastigma (McClelland, 1839) Family: Belonidae Xenentodon cancila (Hamilton, 1822)
Family: Hemiramphidae Hyporhamphus xanthopterus Order: Cypriniformes Family: Balitoridae Bhavania australis (Jerdon,
(Valenciennes,
1847)
1849)
Travancoria elongata (Pethiyagoda & Kottelat, Family: Cobitidae Enobarbichthys maculatus (Day, 1868) Lepidocephalichthys Lepidocephalichthys
1994)
gun tea (Hamilton, 1822) thermalis (Valenciennes, 1846)
Family: Cyprinidae Amblypharyngodon
melettinus
(Valenciennes,
Amblypharyngodon
microlepis
(Bleeker,
Amblyphoryngodon
mola (Hamilton,
1844)
Endemic / Exotic
IUCN Status
Maximum size (TL)
References
Endemic Endemic
LC LC
3.0 cm SL 3.1 cm SL
Endemic
LC
4.0 cm
Shaji et al. (2000) Shaji et al. (2000); Knight & Devi (2010) Devi & Indra (2000)
Endemic
LC
40.0 cm
Knight & Devi (2010); Manickam et at. (2014); Murugan et al. (2015)
Endemic
VU
15.0 cm
Manickam
Endemic
LC
9.0 cm SL
Endemic
EN
11.4 cm
Devi & Indra (2000); Johnson & Arunachalam layaram (2010)
Endemic to Tamil Nadu Endemic Endemic
NE
3.8 cm
Devi & Indra (2000)
LC LC
15.0 cm 38.0 cm SL
Knight & Devi (2010) Balasundaram et al. (2001); Knight & Devi (2010); Manickam et al. (2014); Manikandan & Muralidharan
Endemic
LC
8.0 cm
Endemic
LC
10.0 cm
Endemic
LC
20.0 cm
Barbodes wynaadensis (Day, 1873) Barilius bakeri (Day, 1865) Barilius bendelisis (Hamilton, 1807)
Endemic Endemic Endemic
CR LC LC
25.0 cm 15.0 cm 22.7 cm
Barilius Barilius
Endemic Endemic
EN LC
15.0 cm 15.0 cm
Endemic
LC
6.0 cm
Chela macrolepis (Knight & Devi, 2014) Laubuka dadiburjori (Menon, 1952) Laubuka Jasciata (Silas, 1958) Laubuka laubuca (Hamilton, 1822)
Endemic Endemic Endemic Endemic
NE LC VU LC
3.8 cm 2.5 cm SL 6.0 cm 7.0 cm
Danio rerio (Hamilton, 1822) Dawkinsia arulius arulius (Jerdon,
Endemic Endemic to Tamil Nadu Endemic to Tamil Nadu Endemic Endemic
LC EN
3.8 cm 12.0 cm
EN
12.8 cm
EN LC
8.3 cm SL 18.0 cm
1853)
1822)
canarensis (Jerdon, 1849) gatensis (Valenciennes, 1844)
Chela cachius
(Hamilton,
Dawkinsia
arulius
Dawkinsia Dawkinsia
exclamatio fllamentosa
1822)
tambraparniei
1849) (Silas,
1954)
(Pethiyagoda & Kottelat, (Valenciennes, 1844)
2005)
et al. (2014)
(2009)
(2015)
Devi & Indra (2000); Manickam et al. (2014) Devi & Indra (2000); Knight & Devi (2010) Knight & Devi (2010); Manickam et al. (2014) Devi & Indra (2000) Jeyaraj (2000) Devi & Indra (2000); Balasundaram et al. (200 I); Manickam et al. (2014) Manickam et al. (2014) Devi & Indra (2000); Manickam et al. (2014) Knight & Devi (2010); Sivakami et al. (2014) Knight & Devi (2014) Shaji et al. (2000) Shaji et al. (2000) Knight & Devi (2010); Manickam et al. (2014) Devi & Indra (2000) Devi & Indra (2000); Murugan et al. (2015) Devi & Indra (2000); Johnson & Arunachalam (2009) Manikandan & Muralidharan (2015) Johnson & Arunachalam (2009); Knight & Devi (2010); Rajasekaran & Sivakumar (2014); Manickam et al. (2014); Manikandan & Muralidharan (2015); Murugan et al. (2015)
Continued
29
MOGALEKARAND
JAWAHAR
Order / Family / Species
Endemic / Exotic
IUCN Status
Maximum size (TL)
References
Dawkinsia rohani (Devi, Indra & Knight, 2010) Devario aequipinnatus (McClelland, 1839)
Endemic Endemic
VU LC
9.5 cm SL 15.0 cm
Devario Devario
Endemic Endemic to Tamil Nadu Endemic Endemic Endemic Endemic
LC EN
12.0 cm 10.0 cm
Murugan et al. (20 IS) Johnson & Arunachalam (2009); Manickam et al. (2014); Manikandan & Muralidharan (2015) Murugan et al. (2015) Devi & lndra (2000)
LC LC LC LC
12.0 13.0 12.7 18.0
EN
15.5 cm
EN
7.4 cm SL
malabaricus (Jerdon, 1849) neilgherriensis (Day, 1867)
Esomus barbatus (Jerdon, 1849) Esomus danricus (Hamilton, 1822) Esomus thermoicos (Valenciennes, 1842) Garra gotyla (Gray, 1830)
Garra hughi (Silas,
1955)
Garra kalakadensis
(Devi,
Garra mcclellandi
(Jerdon,
Endemic to Tamil Nadu Endemic
cm cm cm cm
Knight & Devi (2010) Knight & Devi (20 10) Knight & Devi (2010) Devi & lndra (2000); Dhinakaran et al. (20 11); Manickam et al. (2014) Devi & Indra (2000)
Endemic to Tamil Nadu Endemic
LC
17.4cmSL
LC
17.0 cm
Haludaria afasciata (Jayaram, 1990) Haludaria fasciata (Jerdon, 1849) Haludaria kannikattiensis (Arunachalam & Johnson, 2003) Haludaria melanampyx (Day, 1865)
Endemic Endemic Endemic Endemic
NE NE LC NE
7.3 7.0 6.0 7.5
Horadandia
atukorali
Endemic
LC
3.0 cm
Horalabiosa
joshuai
EN
9.0 cm SL
Horalabiosa
palaniensis
Endemic to Tamil Nadu Endemic to Tamil Nadu Endemic Endemic Endemic to Tamil Nadu Endemic Endemic to Tamil Nadu Endemic
VU
7.7 cm SL
Devi & Indra (2000); Dhinakaran et al. (20 I I) Devi & Indra (2000); Manickam et al. (2014) Johnson & Arunachalam (2009); Dhinakaran et al. (20 11); Manickam et al. (2014); Manikandan & Muralidharan (2015); Murugan et al. (2015) Jayaram (2010) Jayaram (20 I 0) Johnson & Arunachalam (2009) Devi & lndra (2000); Johnson & Arunachalam (2009); Manikandan & Muralidharan (20 IS) Devi & lndra (2000); Knight & Devi (20 I 0) Devi & Indra (2000); Johnson & Arunachalam (2009) Devi & Indra (2000)
EN LC LC
30.0 cm 15.0 cm 12.0 cm
Devi & Indra (2000) Devi & Indra (2000) Devi & Indra (2000)
DD LC
15.0 cm 18.0 cm
LC
14.0 cm
Endemic Endemic Endemic
LC LC NE
5.1 cm 8.0 cm 4.5 cm SL
Knight & Devi (2010) Devi & lndra (2000); Manickam et al. (2014) Devi & lndra (2000); Balasundaram et al. (2001); Knight & Devi (2010); Manickam et al. (2014); Rajasekaran & Sivakumar (2014) Knight (20 I 0) Shaji et al. (2000) Knight et al. (2012)
Endemic Endemic to Tamil Nadu Endemic
LC EN
7.5 cm 2.7 cm SL
LC
10.0 cm
Garra mullya
(Sykes,
1993) 1849)
1839)
(Deraniyagala, (Silas,
1943)
1954)
(Devi & Menon,
Labeo potail (Sykes, 1839) Osteobrama cotio (Hamilton, 1822) Osteobrama neilli (Day, 1873) Osteobrama Osteoehilus Pethia
peninsularis (Silas nashii (Day, 1869)
conchonius
Pethia gelius
(Hamilton,
(Hamilton,
1952)
1822)
1822) 1822) Pethia nigripinna (Knight, Devi, Indra & Arunachalam, 2012) Pethia punetata (Day, 1865) Pethia sharmai (Menon & Devi, 1993)
Pethia guganio (Hamilton,
Pethia
tieto (Hamilton,
1822)
1994)
cm cm cm SL cm
Devi & lndra (2000) Devi & Indra (2000); Knight & Devi (2010) Johnson & Arunachalam (2009); Knight & Devi (2010); Rajasekaran & Sivakumar (2014); Manickam et al. (2014); Murugan et al. (2015)
Continued
30
ORNAMENTAL FISH DIVERSITY Order / Family / Species (Valenciennes,
IUeN Status
Maximum size (TL)
References
Endemic
DD
20.0 cm
Endemic Endemic
VU
10.0 cm 7.0 cm
Devi & Indra (2000); Johnson & Arunachalam (2009); Knight & Devi (2010); Murugan et al. (201S) Devi & Indra (2000) Devi & Indra (2000); Johnson & Arunachalam (2009); Manikandan & Muralidharan (20 IS); Murugan et al. (20 IS) Jayaram (2010) Devi & Indra (2000); Knight & Devi (2010); Manickam et al. (2014); Murugan et al. (201S) Devi & Indra (2000); Johnson & Arunachalam (2009); Knight & Devi (2010); Manickam et al. (2014); Silambarasan et al. (2014); Murugan et al. (20 IS) Knight & Devi (2010) Devi & Indra (2000) Devi & Indra (2000)
Puntius
amphibious
Puntius Puntius
arenatus (Day, 1878) bimaculatus (Bleeker,
Puntius Puntius
eauveriensis (Hora, 1937) ehola (Hamilton, 1822)
Endemic Endemic
EN
Le
7.4 cm IS.0 cm
Puntius
dorsalis
Endemic
Le
2S.0 cm
Puntius Puntius Puntius
maheeola (Valenciennes, 1844) melanostigma (Day, 1878) mudumalaiensis (Menon & Devi, 1992)
DD NE
vu
8.9 cm SL 10.0 cm 2.3 cm SL
Puntius parrah (Day, 186S) Puntius sophore (Hamilton, 1822)
Endemic Endemic Endemic to Tamil Nadu Endemic Endemic
Le Le
IS.0 cm 20.0 cm
Puntius
vittatus
(Day, 186S)
Endemic
Le
S.O cm
Rasbora
eaverii
(Jerdon,
Endemic
Le
10.0 cm
Rasbora
daniconius
Endemic
Le
IS.0 cm
Endemic Endemic
Le Le
13.0 cm IS.0 cm
Endemic
Le
18.0 cm
Endemic Endemic
Le Le
12.0 cm 12.S cm
Endemic Endemic
NE
Le
10.0 cm 42.0 cm
Exotic
Le
70.0 cm SL
Devi & Indra (2000) Balasundaram et al. (2001); Knight & Devi (2010); Manickam et al. (2014); Rajasekaran & Sivakumar (2014); Silambarasan et al. (2014); Murugan et al. (201S) Devi & Indra (2000); Knight & Devi (20 I0); Murugan et al. (201S) Knight & Devi (2010); Manickam et al. (2014) Balasundaram et al. (2001); Johnson & Arunachalam (2009); Knight & Devi (2010); Murugan et al. (201S) layaram (2010) Knight & Devi (2010); Manickam et al. (2014) Knight & Devi (2010); Manickam et al. (2014) Manickam et al. (2014) Talwar & Jhingran (1991); Devi & Indra (2000) Talwar & Jhingran (1991) Rajasekaran & Sivakumar (2014); Manickam et al. (2014) Sreenivasan (1998)
Endemic Endemic Endemic Endemic Endemic to Tamil Nadu
Le Le
4.4 S.O 3.6 4.8 S.1
Devi & Indra (2000) Devi & Indra (2000) Jayaram (2010) Manickam et al. (2014) Gopa1akrishnan & Ponniah
(Jerdon,
1842)
Endemic / Exotic
1863)
1849)
1849)
(Hamilton,
1822)
Rasbora rasbora (Hamilton, 1822) Salmophasia acinaees (Valenciennes, Salmophasia
baeaila
(Hamilton,
Salmophasia Salmophasia
boopis (Day, 1874) novaeula (Valenciennes,
1844)
1822)
Salmophasia orissaensis (Banarescu, Systomus sarana (Hamilton, 1822)
1840) 1968)
Tinea tinea (Linnaeus, 17S8) Family: Nemacheilidae Acanthocobitis mooreh (Sykes, 1839) Nemaeheilus denisoni (Day, 1867) Nemacheilus kodaguensis (Menon, 1987) Nemaeheilus monilis (Hora, 1921) Nemaeheilus nilgiriensis (Menon, 1987)
Le
vu
Le Le
cm cm cm cm cm
SL SL SL SL SL
(2000)
Continued
31
MOGALEKARAND
JAWAHAR
Order I Family I Species
Endemic I Exotic
IUCN Status
Maximum size (TL)
References
Nemaehei/us pulehe/lus (Day, 1873) Nemaeheilus semiarmatus (Day, 1867) Nemaehei/us triangularis (Day, 1865) Noemaeheilus triangularis tambaraparniensis (Men on, 1987) Order: Cyprinodontiformes Family: Aplocheilidae Aploehei/us bloekii (Arnold, 1911) Aploehei/us lineatus (Valenciennes, 1846)
Endemic Endemic Endemic Endemic to Tamil Nadu
EN LC LC LC
4.6 cm SL 5.6 cm SL 5.8 cm SL
Gopalakrishnan & Ponniah (2000) Gopalakrishnan & Ponniah (2000) Murugan et al. (20 IS) Johnson & Arunachalam (2009)
Endemic Endemic
LC LC
6.0 cm 10.0 cm
Aploehei/us Aploehei/us
Endemic Endemic
LC NE
9.0 cm 6.3 cm
Gopalakrishnan & Ponniah Manickam et al. (2014); Murugan et al. (2015) Murugan et al. (2015) Knight & Devi (2010); Murugan et at. (2015)
Exotic
LC
4.0 cm
Exotic
NE
5.0 cm SL
Endemic
LC
60.0 cm
Knight & Devi (2010); Manickam et al. (2014); Silambarasan et al. (2014)
Order: Perci formes Family: Ambassidae Ambassis ambassis (Lacepede, 1802) Ambassis gymnoeephalus (Lacepede, 1802) Ambassis interrupta (Bleeker, 1853) Ambassis miops (Giinther, 1872) Chanda nama (Hamilton, 1822)
Endemic Endemic Endemic Endemic Endemic
LC LC LC LC LC
15.0 16.0 12.0 10.3 11.0
Parambassis Parambassis
Endemic Endemic
NT LC
3.9 cm SL 8.0 cm
Endemic
LC
12.0 cm SL
Devi & 1ndra (2000) Jayaram (20 10) Talwar & Jhingran (1991) Talwar & Jhingran (I 991) Knight & Devi (2010); Sivakami et al. (2014); Manikandan & Muralidharan Knight & Devi (2010) Knight & Devi (2010); Manickam et al. (2014) Murugan et al. (2015)
Endemic
DD
25.0 cm
Knight & Devi (2010); Silambarasan et al. (2014)
Endemic
LC
5.0 cm
Knight
Endemic Endemic
LC LC
20.0 cm SL 183 cm
Endemic Endemic
NE LC
33.0 cm 31.0 cm
Endemic
LC
100.0 cm
Knight & Devi (20 I 0) Manickam et at. (2014); Murugan et al. (2015) Devi & Indra (2000) Knight & Devi (2010); Manickam et al. (2014); Silambarasan et al. (2014); Sivakami et al. (2014); Murugan et al. (2015) Knight & Devi (2010); Manickam et al. (2014); Silarnbarasan et al. (2014)
Exotic
NE
36.5 cm SL
panehax (Hamilton, 1822) parvus (Sundara Raj, 1916)
Family: Poeciliidae Gambusia ajJinis (Baird & Girard,
1853)
Poeeilia retieulata (Peters, 1859) Order: Osteoglossiforrnes Family: Notopteridae Notopterus notopterus (Pallas, 1769)
lala (Hamilton 1822) ranga (Hamilton, 1822)
Parambassis thomassi (Day, 1870) Family: Anabantidae Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792) Family: Badidae Badis badis (Hamilton 1822) Family: Channidae Channa gaehua (Hamilton 1822) Channa marulius (Hamilton, 1822) Channa orientalis Channa punetata
Channa striata
(Bloch & Schneider, (Bloch, 1793)
(Bloch,
Family: Cichlidae Ciehlasoma trimaeulatum
1801)
1793)
(Gunther
1867)
cm cm cm SL cm cm
(2000)
Devi & Indra (2000); Knight & Devi (20 I0); Manickam et al. (2014); xSilambarasan et al. (2014) Devi & 1ndra (2000)
Knight
(2015)
& Devi (2009)
& Devi (2010)
Continued
32
ORNAMENTAL FISH DIVERSITY Order I Family I Species
Endemic I Exotic
IUCN Status
Maximum size (TL)
References
Etroplus Etroplus
canarensis maculatus
(Day, 1877) (Bloch, 1795)
Endemic Endemic
EN LC
11.5 cm 8.0 cm
Etroplus
suratensis
(Bloch,
Endemic
LC
40.0 cm
Manickam et al. (2014) Balasundaram et al. (2001); Knight & Devi (2010); Manickam et al. (2014) Balasundaram et al. (2001); Knight & Devi (2010); Manickam et al. (2014); Silambarasan et al. (2014); Manikandan & Muralidharan Murugan et al. (2015) Knight & Devi (2010) Knight & Devi (2010) Balasundaram et al. (2001); Knight & Devi (2010); Manickam et al. (2014); Silambarasan et al. (2014); Manikandan & Muralidharan
Hemichromis Oreochromis Oreochromis
1790)
bimaculatus (Gill 1862) aureus (Steindachner 1864) mossambicus (Peters, 1852)
Exotic Exotic Exotic
Family: Gobiidae Amblyeleotris gymnocephala (Bleeker, 1853) Apocryptodon madurensis (Bleeker, 1849) Awaous grammepomus (Bleeker, 1849) Glossogobius giuris (Hamilton, 1822)
LC LC LC
13.6 cm SL 45.7 cm 39.0 cm
Endemic Endemic Endemic Endemic
NE NE LC LC
14.0 cm 9.0 cm 15.0 cm 50.0 cm SL
Endemic Endemic
NE LC
10.0 cm 9.7 cm
Endemic
LC
20.0 cm
Knight & Devi (2010); Manickam et al. (2014)
Exotic 1831)Endemic
LC LC
70.0 cm SL 7.5 cm
Trichogaster lalius (Hamilton, 1822) Trichopodus trichopterus (Pallas, 1770) Family: Pristolepididae Pristolepis marginata (Jerdon, 1849) Order: Siluriformes Family: Bagridae Hemibagrus punctatus (Jerdon, 1849)
Endemic Exotic
LC LC
8.8 cm 15.0 cm SL
Knight & Devi (2010) Knight & Devi (2010); Manickam et al. (2014); Murugan et al. (2015) Knight & Devi (2010) Knight & Devi (2010)
Endemic
LC
15.0 cm SL
Jayaram
Endemic
CR
45.0 cm
Mystus
armatus
(Day, 1865)
Endemic
LC
14.5 cm SL
Mystus
bleekeri
(Day, 1877)
Endemic
LC
15.5 cm
Endemic
LC
18.0 cm
Endemic
NT
15.0 cm
Devi & Indra (2000); Manickam et al. (2014) Devi & Indra (2000); Manickam et al. (2014) Devi & Indra (2000); Balasundaram et al. (2001); Knight & Devi (2010); Sivakami et al. (2014); Murugan et al. (2015) Devi & Indra (2000); Knight & Devi (2010); Manickam et al. (2014); Manikandan & Muralidharan Devi & Indra (2000); Murugan et al. (2015)
Oxuderces dentatus Sicyopterus griseus
(Eydoux & Souleyet, (Day, 1877)
Family: Nandidae Nandus nandus (Hamilton,
1822)
Family: Osphronemidae Osphronemus gourami (Lacepede Pseudosphromenus (Macropodus)
Mystus keletius
(Valenciennes,
Mystus malabaricus
(Jerdon,
1850)
180 I) cupanus
1840)
1849)
(Cuvier,
(20 IS);
(2015)
Chatterjee et al. (2013) Talwar & Jhingran (1991) Devi & Indra (2000) Balasundaram et al. (2001); Knight & Devi (2010); Silambarasan et al. (2014); Murugan et al. (2015) J ayaram (20 I0) Arunachalam & Sankaranarayanan (1999); Jayaram (2010)
(2010)
(2015)
Continued
33
1 MOGALEKARANDJAWAHAR Order / Family / Species
Endemic / Exotic
IUCN Status
Maximum size (TL)
References
Mystus Mystus
Endemic Endemic
LC LC
IS.0 cm 21.0 cm SL
Devi & lndra (2000) Devi & Indra (2000); Balasundaram et al. (200 I); Knight & Devi (2010); Silambarasan et al. (2014)
Endemic
DD
IS.0 cm SL
Endemic
NE
IS.0 cm
Devi & Raghunathan (1999); Jayaram (20 I 0) Devi & Indra (2000)
Exotic Exotic
NE NE
70.0 cm 42.3 cm SL
Knight Knight
Endemic
LC
IS.O cm
Balasundaram et al. (200 I); Knight & Devi (20 I 0)
Endemic
NT
4S.0 cm SL
Endemic
NE
22.9 cm SL
Balasundaram et al. (200 I); Knight & Devi (2010); Manickam et al. (2014); Sivakami et al. (2014) Ng (2013)
Endemic Endemic Endemic
LC EN EN
10.0 cm 11.S cm
montanus (Jerdon, 1849) vittatus (Bloch, 1794)
Family: Heteropneustidae Heteropneustes longipectoralis (Devi & Raghunathan, 1999) Heteropneustes microps (Giinther, 1864) Family: Loricariidae Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus (Weber, 1991) Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Castelnau, 18SS) Family: Schilbeidae Neotropius atherinoides (Bloch, 1794) Family: Siluridae Ompok bimaculatus
(Bloch,
1794)
Ompok karunkodu (Ng, 2013) Family: Sisoridae Glyptothorax annandalei (Ho ra, 1923) Glyptothorax housei (Herre, 1942) Glyptothorax madraspatanum (Day, 1873)
II.S cm
Order: Synbranchiformes Family: Mastacembelidae Macrognathus aculeatus (Bloch, 1786) Macrognathus aral (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Macrognathus guentheri (Day, 186S) Macrognathus malabaricus (Jerdon, 1849) Macrognathus pancalus (Hamilton, 1822)
Endemic Endemic Endemic Endemic Endemic
NE LC LC NE LC
Mastacembelus
Endemic
LC
90.0 cm
Endemic Endemic
LC LC
18.0 cm SL 17.S cm SL
armatus
(Lacepede,
Order: Syngnathiformes Family: Syngnathidae Hippichthys penicillus (Cantor, Microphis cuncalus (Hamilton,
1800)
1849) 1822)
38.0 63.S .29.9 26.0 18.0
cm cm cm SL cm cm
& Devi (2010) & Devi (2010)
Jayaram (20 I 0) J ayaram (20 10) Shaji et al. (2000); Johnson & Arunachalam
(2009)
Sivakami et al. (2014) Knight & Devi (20 I 0) Devi & Indra (2000) Murugan et al. (20IS) Knight & Devi (2010); Silambarasan et al. (2014) Balasundaram et al. (200 I); Johnson & Arunachalam (2009); Knight & Devi (2010); Manickam et al. (2014)
Shaji et al. (2000) Talwar & Jhingran Jayaram (20 I 0)
(1991);
IUCN - International Union for Conservation of Nature; TL - Total Length; SL - Standard Length; CR - Critically EN - Endangered; VU - Vulnerable; NT - Near Threatened; LC - Least Concern; DD - Data Deficient; NE - Not Evaluated
Endangered;
elongata (Pethiyagoda and Kottelat, 1994); Barilius canarensis (Jerdon, 1849); Dawkinsia exclamatio (Pethiyagoda and Kottelat, 2005); Garra kalakadensis (Devi, 1993); Labeo potail (Sykes, 1839); Puntius cauveriensis (Hora, 1937); Nemacheilus pulchellus (Day, 1873); Etroplus canarensis (Day, 1877); Glyptothorax housei (Herre, 1942) and Glyptothorax
are listed as critically endangered. Among the endangered species, Dawkinsia arulius arulius (Jerdon, 1849); Dawkinsia arulius tambraparniei (Silas, 1954); Devario neilgherriensis (Day, 1867); Horalabiosa joshuai (Silas, 1954); Garra hughi (Silas, 1955); Pethia sharmai (Menon and Devi, 1993); are confined to a Tamil Nadu while Travancoria 34
ORNAMENTAL FISH DIVERSITY Conclusion
Table 2. Number of family, genera and species under each Order Order
Family
Beloniforrnes
Adrianichthyidae
1
3
1 1 2 2 22 2 1 2 1 3 1 1 1 4 6 1 4 I 2 1 I I I I 2 2
1
Synbranchiforrnes Syngnathiforrnes
Belonidae Herniramphidae Balitoridae Cobitidae Cyprinidae Nemacheilidae Aplocheilidae Poeciliidae Notopteridae Ambassidae Anabantidae Badidae Channidae Cichlidae Gobiidae Nandidae Osphronemidae Pristolepididae Bagridae Heteropneustidae Loricariidae Schilbeidae Siluridae Sisoridae Mastacembelidae Syngnathidae
Total
27
68
Cypriniforrnes
Cyprinodontiforrnes Osteoglossiforrnes Perciforrnes
Siluriforrnes
=
8
Gn. (No.)
The rivers and streams ofTarnil Nadu have unique ornamental fish biodiversity and therefore call for conservation measures which includes standardization of captive breeding and seed production technology of endangered and critically endangered fishes and their massive ranching in the rivers
Sp. (No.)
I 2 3 71 9 4
Acknowledgements
2 1 8 I I
First author is indebted to the persons contributed to inland fisheriesresearch in TarnilNadu and Tarnil Nadu Fisheries University for providing merit scholarship. The authors are grateful to reviewers of this paper for their constructive suggestions.
5 7
6 I 4 1
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7 2 2 I 2 3 6 2
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