Freshwater Ostracoda - Tubitak Journals

D. AKDEMİR, O. KÜLKÖYLÜOĞLU

Research Article

Turk J Zool 2011; 35(5): 671-675 © TÜBİTAK doi:10.3906/zoo-0912-32

Freshwater Ostracoda (Crustacea) of Diyarbakır Province, including a new report for Turkey

Derya AKDEMİR 1, Okan KÜLKÖYLÜOĞLU2,* 1

Marmara University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, 34722 İstanbul - TURKEY

2

Abant İzzet Baysal University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, 14280 Bolu - TURKEY

Received: 16.12.2009

Abstract: During the summer (July-August) of 2007, a total of 23 freshwater ostracods belonging to 14 genera were collected from 50 out of 90 different bodies of water in Diyarbakır. Of these 23 finds, Herpetocypris intermedia is a new report for Turkish ostracod fauna. In addition, 11 species (Ilyocypris decipiens, I. inermis, Eucypris virens, Herpetocypris brevicaudata, Psychrodromus fontinalis, Isocypris beauchampi, Potamocypris similis, P. unicaudata, P. arcuata, Limnocythere stationis, and L. inopinata) are reported from this city for the first time. The geographical distribution of some species is extended into the eastern parts of Turkey. Our results also suggest that species with cosmopolitan characteristics tend to have a wide distribution within a variety of habitats. Key words: Ostracoda, new report, Herpetocypris intermedia, distribution, Diyarbakır, Turkey

Diyarbakır bölgesinin tatlısu Ostrakotları (Crustacea) ve Türkiye için bir yeni kayıt Özet: Diyarbakır’daki 90 farklı sulak alandan 50 tanesinden 2007 yaz süresince (Temmuz-Ağustos) toplanan ostrakot türleri incelenmiş ve 14 cinse ait toplam 23 tatlı su ostrakot türü tespit edilmiştir. Herpetocypris intermedia Türkiye ostrakot faunası için yeni kayıt olarak rapor edilmiştir. Bunun yanında, 11 tür ise (Ilyocypris decipiens, I. inermis, Eucypris virens, Herpetocypris brevicaudata, Psychrodromus fontinalis, Isocypris beauchampi, Potamocypris similis, P. unicaudata, P. arcuata, Limnocythere stationis, L. inopinata) Diyarbakır için yeni kayıttır. Bazı türlerin coğrafik dağılımı Türkiye’nin doğu kesimlerine kadar genişletilmiştir. Sonuçlar kozmopolit karaktere sahip türlerin farklı habitatlardaki dağılımının da geniş olduğunu önermektedir.

Anahtar sözcükler: Ostrakot, yeni kayıt, Herpetocypris intermedia, dağılım, Diyarbakır, Türkiye

Introduction Ostracods are known to be useful organisms for a number of purposes. They can be used in both ecological and evolutionary studies to determine water quality, to describe habitat type, to reconstruct

past natural history, and to estimate species richness (Carbonel et al., 1988; Külköylüoğlu, 2003). Despite their usefulness, however, most of the attention to freshwater ostracods within a limited sampling area has been given to certain locations in the western,

* E-mail: [email protected]

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northern, and southwestern regions of Turkey. With the exception of one earlier report from a specific location (Gülen et al., 1996), almost nothing is known about ostracod distribution and ecology in the province of Diyarbakır. This is the first extensive study to estimate the distribution of freshwater ostracod species in Diyarbakır.

2000) and the descriptions provided by Broodbakker and Danielopol (1982). Materials were deposited in the Limnology Laboratory of the Department of Biology, Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu. Results and discussion A total of 23 freshwater ostracods and 3 unidentified individuals were collected from Diyarbakır (Table). One of these, Herpetocypris intermedia, is a new report for Turkey. A further 11 species (Ilyocypris decipiens, I. inermis, Eucypris virens, Herpetocypris brevicaudata, Psychrodromus fontinalis, Isocypris beauchampi, Potamocypris similis, P. unicaudata, P. arcuata, Limnocythere stationis, and L. inopinata) are new reports for the area. The most frequently occurring species (H. incongruens, I. bradyi, E. virens, P. zenkeri, and C. neglecta) are also known to have cosmopolitan characteristics, found in wide ranges of geographic area within a variety of habitats. Including these new reports, the confirmed ostracod fauna of Diyarbakır consists of about 30 living species, but the actual number is believed to be much higher. General estimates are difficult due to a lack of studies on this area.

Materials and methods The material was collected from 50 out of 90 different aquatic bodies (ditches, springs, creeks, river, lakes, dams, ponds, troughs, etc.) visited randomly in 2007, between 12 July and 23 August (Figure 1). Geographical data (altitude and coordinates) were recorded with a geographical positioning system (Garmin-GPS 45) unit. Samples were taken with a phytoplankton hand net (mesh size of 200 μm) from shallow waters not exceeding 100 cm in depth. At each site, we collected about 200 g of sediment, which was fixed in 70% ethanol in situ. This material was brought to the laboratory, where it was filtered using 4 standard sieves (1.5, 1.0, 0.5, and 0.25 mm) and fixed in 70% ethanol again. During the species identification, we used both soft body parts and carapaces, following the systematic key (Meisch

39°0ʹ0ʹʹE

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68 72

71 62 66 60 2228 26 67 61 23 27 24 36 25 40 45 29 39 17 30 37 38 35 31 49 32 16 20 48 33 18 50 15 19 21 51 52 53 74 75

58 59 5755 56 54 85 86 8 14 88 90 84 13 87 79 83 89 11 10 80 81 12 82 9

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DİYARBAKIR 7

77 76 78

41 47

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43

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Figure 1. Location map of the 90 sampling sites visited in Diyarbakır.

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Table 1. The name of 90 sampling sites in Diyarbakır along with information on the geographic location of each (longitude, latitude, altitude) and codes of 23 taxa with 3 unknowns. Abbreviations: Dst - Darwinula stevensoni, CN - Candona neglecta, CA - C. cf. angulata, ID - Ilyocypris decipiens, IB - I. bradyi, II - I. inermis, IM - I. cf. monstrifica, EV - Eucypris virens, PZ - Prionocypris zenkeri, Tr - Trajancypris sp., HB - Herpetocypris brevicaudata, Hint - H. intermedia, Pfo - Psychrodromus fontinalis, HI - Heterocypris incongruens, Ibea - Isocypris beauchampi, CV - Cypridopsis vidua, PS - Potamocypris similis, PU - P. unicaudata, Pva - P. variegata, Par - P. arcuata, PP - Potamocypris sp., Zo - Zonocypris sp., LS - Limnocythere stationis, LI - L. inopinata, Pre - Paralimnocythere relicta. Alt. - altitude (m), Sp. Code - species code. Bold letters indicate subfossil forms. Sta. No.

District

Sta. Name

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42

Bismil Bismil Bismil Bismil Bismil Bismil Bismil Ergani Ergani Ergani Ergani Ergani Ergani Ergani Eğil Eğil Eğil Eğil Eğil Eğil Eğil Hani Hani Hani Hani Hani Hani Hani Kocaköy Kocaköy Kocaköy Kocaköy Kocaköy Kocaköy Hazro Hazro Hazro Hazro Hazro Hazro Çınar Çınar

Pınarbaşı Pond Salat Stream Dipsiz Lake (Lake Kız) Tuz Lake Kani Creek Tigris River Kenberli Pond Boğaz Stream Çakartaş Pond Akçakale Stream Kabasakal Stream Köprüköyü Creek Bereketli Stream Yüksel Pond Oyalı Creek Small water ditch Aşağı Ziyaret Fountain Baysu Creek Irrigation canal Small water pond Gölcük Pond Gölcük Pond Çerkez Suyu Koki Stream Soylu Stream Seren Stream Aka Creek Dımıştad Creek Ambar Stream Eyüpler Pond Şerifoğulları Creek Bozyer Pond Hüseynik Pond Arkbaşı Stream Düzevler Pond Kırıkkaşık Pond Ağartı Stream Uzunark Stream Gölcük Evincik Creek Tigris River coast Beşpınar Pond

Longitude

Latitude

Alt.

Sp. Code

37°48ʹ857ʺE 37°51ʹ752ʺE 37°51ʹ810ʺE 37°52ʹ148ʺE 37°49ʹ354ʺE 37°50ʹ419ʺE 37°53ʹ644ʺE 38°12ʹ921ʺE 38°02ʹ045ʺE 38°05ʹ438ʺE 38°04ʹ445ʺE 38°03ʹ662ʺE 38°07ʹ499ʺE 38°10ʹ681ʺE 38°07ʹ967ʺE 38°08ʹ940ʺE 38°15ʹ220ʺE 38°08ʹ069ʺE 38°06ʹ616ʺE 38°08ʹ727ʺE 38°07ʹ960ʺE 38°24ʹ290ʺE 38°23ʹ144ʺE 38°21ʹ308ʺE 38°18ʹ193ʺE 38°24ʹ276ʺE 38°22ʹ756ʺE 38°23ʹ872ʺE 38°17ʹ163ʺE 38°14ʹ971ʺE 38°13ʹ452ʺE 38°12ʹ074ʺE 38°10ʹ556ʺE 38°16ʹ319ʺE 38°09ʹ708ʺE 38°16ʹ588ʺE 38°09ʹ249ʺE 38°10ʹ570ʺE 38°12ʹ145ʺE 38°13ʹ214ʺE 37°48ʹ780ʺE 37°45ʹ953ʺE

40°59ʹ270ʺN 40°52ʹ501ʺN 40°48ʹ657ʺN 40°50ʹ974ʺN 40°31ʹ462ʺN 40°39ʹ539ʺN 40°38ʹ434ʺN 39°44ʹ498ʺN 39°39ʹ659ʺN 39°43ʹ240ʺN 39°48ʹ886ʺN 39°50ʹ395ʺN 39°49ʹ998ʺN 39°49ʹ220ʺN 40°01ʹ765ʺN 40°04ʹ718ʺN 40°05ʹ714ʺN 40°06ʹ229ʺN 40°08ʹ268ʺN 40°11ʹ986ʺN 40°13ʹ560ʺN 40°23ʹ540ʺN 40°24ʹ357ʺN 40°25ʹ715ʺN 40°26ʹ662ʺN 40°30ʹ300ʺN 40°28ʹ635ʺN 40°24ʹ821ʺN 40°27ʹ634ʺN 40°29ʹ675ʺN 40°28ʹ828ʺN 40°27ʹ987ʺN 40°30ʹ504ʺN 40°33ʹ771ʺN 40°44ʹ309ʺN 40°41ʹ306ʺN 40°48ʹ954ʺN 40°39ʹ026ʺN 40°49ʹ643ʺN 40°46ʹ683ʺN 40°26ʹ207ʺN 40°20ʹ685ʺN

530 532 556 545 568 536 648 808 800 776 763 757 760 784 817 781 716 715 655 715 703 908 832 792 728 863 796 852 714 758 720 717 746 772 806 781 722 755 792 881 604 665

IM

PS PS, ID, Tr

Dst, ID, CV HI ID, CV HI HB

HI IB HI CN, II, EV, Zo IB, II IB, EV, Hint, HI, PU IB HI IB, PZ, PS, HI Pva, HI Par, HI II, PZ, Pva

II II IB, II, PZ, HI PZ, HI

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Table 1. (Continued). Sta. No.

District

Sta. Name

43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90

Çınar Çınar Çınar Çınar Çınar Silvan Silvan Silvan Silvan Silvan Silvan Dicle Dicle Dicle Dicle Dicle Dicle Lice Lice Lice Lice Lice Lice Kulp Kulp Kulp Kulp Kulp Kulp Kulp Merkez Merkez Merkez Merkez Merkez Merkez Çermik Çermik Çermik Çermik Çermik Çermik Çüngüş Çüngüş Çüngüş Çüngüş Çüngüş Çüngüş

Göksu Dam Lake Danışır Pond Künreş Pond Bayırkonak Stream Höyükdibi Stream Gölcük Pond Darköprü Stream Şanlı Pond Irrigation canal Sulak creeks Pir Hasan Stream Kral Kızı Dam Lake Dipni Stream Dicle Dam Lake Gelincik Creek Dipni Stream Small water pool Kuru Stream Çayır Stream Kıyı Creek Nergizi Creek Bırkleyn Stream Tuzocağı Creek Uzunova Dam Lake Tulat Stream Kulp Stream Sıkri Creek Dalik Stream Özbek Pond Şakirhan Stream Devegeçidi Dam Lake Devegeçidi Stream Yeşilköy Stream Kabaklı Pond Tigris River Tigris River Kırkgöz Spring Small water ditches Small water ditches Affan Creek Halilan Pond Sinek Stream Gölcük Pond Sokullu Creek Çüngüş Stream Small water ditches Small water ditches Çır Creek

674

Longitude

Latitude

Alt.

37°40ʹ947ʺE 37°38ʹ071ʺE 37°33ʹ837ʺE 37°39ʹ074ʺE 37°43ʹ921ʺE 38°06ʹ793ʺE 38°08ʹ123ʺE 38°02ʹ444ʺE 38°01ʹ092ʺE 38°01ʹ113ʺE 37°59ʹ910ʺE 38°19ʹ749ʺE 38°21ʹ961ʺE 38°20ʹ556ʺE 38°23ʹ566ʺE 38°24ʹ421ʺE 38°21ʹ758ʺE 38°24ʹ723ʺE 38°23ʹ002ʺE 38°25ʹ605ʺE 38°27ʹ399ʺE 38°31ʹ675ʺE 38°30ʹ189ʺE 38°23ʹ149ʺE 38°21ʹ315ʺE 38°31ʹ695ʺE 38°31ʹ260ʺE 38°28ʹ680ʺE 38°27ʹ727ʺE 38°28ʹ759ʺE 38°04ʹ278ʺE 38°03ʹ222ʺE 37°59ʹ488ʺE 37°55ʹ692ʺE 37°55ʹ197ʺE 37°53ʹ293ʺE 38°08ʹ217ʺE 38°06ʹ754ʺE 38°05ʹ949ʺE 38°05ʹ081ʺE 38°06ʹ632ʺE 38°09ʹ630ʺE 38°14ʹ340ʺE 38°14ʹ119ʺE 38°11ʹ492ʺE 38°12ʹ590ʺE 38°10ʹ703ʺE 38°12ʹ449ʺE

40°26ʹ505ʺN 40°08ʹ403ʺN 40°11ʹ792ʺN 40°13ʹ252ʺN 40°15ʹ460ʺN 40°48ʹ814ʺN 40°49ʹ129ʺN 40°51ʹ118ʺN 40°54ʹ010ʺN 40°55ʹ226ʺN 40°58ʹ456ʺN 40°02ʹ222ʺN 40°10ʹ872ʺN 40°13ʹ655ʺN 40°07ʹ983ʺN 40°10ʹ973ʺN 40°02ʹ302ʺN 40°45ʹ489ʺN 40°47ʹ390ʺN 40°49ʹ859ʺN 40°40ʹ579ʺN 40°32ʹ618ʺN 40°32ʹ384ʺN 41°06ʹ590ʺN 41°60ʹ92ʺN 41°03ʹ502ʺN 40°54ʹ679ʺN 40°54ʹ519ʺN 40°56ʹ094ʺN 40°58ʹ811ʺN 39°58ʹ311ʺN 40°04ʹ182ʺN 40°22ʹ974ʺN 40°17ʹ679ʺN 40°14ʹ957ʺN 40°13ʹ714ʺN 39°28ʹ775ʺN 39°29ʹ421ʺN 39°31ʹ944ʺN 39°26ʹ819ʺN 39°34ʹ685ʺN 39°27ʹ596ʺN 39°17ʹ043ʺN 39°19ʹ563ʺN 39°16ʹ437ʺN 39°15ʹ079ʺN 39°18ʹ791ʺN 39°20ʹ796ʺN

694 863 915 903 730 732 689 686 638 643 620 715 713 716 779 725 940 849 825 788 954 903 996 947 905 827 1095 834 899 821 779 700 645 720 594 579 754 762 825 713 760 662 972 964 957 1025 1013 1009

Sp. Code

II, EV, Ibea, Par, LI, HI Tr HI HB, Hint HI HI Pva, LS Pre

CA, HI

IB, HI LI, Pva II, HB, Pfo ID IB, HI Par

ID, HI

IB, EV, Pfo, Zo EV IB, HI HI Tr CN, II CN, II

EV, HI CN, II, HI, PP


The only previous study of ostracods from Diyarbakır was done by Gülen et al. in 1996, when they reported 15 species from Kabaklı Spring on the campus of Dicle University. The findings of this group included Darwinula stevensoni, Candona neglecta, Cypria opthalmica, Ilyocypris bradyi, Cypris pubera, Eucypris lilljeborgi, E. pigra, E. virens, Trajancypris clavata, Prionocypris zenkeri, Herpetocypris chevreuxi, H. reptans, Heterocypris incongruens, H. salina, and Cypridopsis vidua. Although our own results included 5 species in common with those of Gülen et al. (1996), we did not find 10 of the species that they mentioned and meanwhile report more than 15 other species in this study. Herpetocypris intermedia is already known in different parts of Europe (Britain, France, Switzerland, Hungary, northern Italy, Portugal, Spain) as well as Algeria, where it mostly prefers stagnant bottoms of bodies of water such as rivers, streams, ditches, and pools (Gonzalez-Mozo et al. 1996; Meisch, 2000). We collected it from 2 stations (St. 25, Soylu creek with 2 females; St. 48, Gölcük with 16 females) (Figure 2) where the water temperature (20.9-26 °C), dissolved oxygen (8.88-7.38 mg/L), and pH (8.42-7.84) values were relatively high and site elevation was 728 and 732 m, respectively. Both stations are characterized by shallow, stable waters. Thus, our findings correspond with those of earlier reports detailing the habitat preferences of the species (Meisch, 2000). By reporting the presence of the species in Diyarbakır, its geographical distribution in Turkey is extended into the far eastern part of the country.

Figure 2. Herpetocypris intermedia: female external view of right valve. Scale bar: 100 μm.

With this new report, the number of freshwater ostracods found in Turkey reaches more than 125 species. It is anticipated, however, that this number is still far from comprehensive since more than 30 of Turkey’s 81 provinces are currently without any record of living ostracods. Acknowledgements We would like to thank Mr. Serdar Polat, ViceGovernor of Diyarbakır, for his help in providing one of us (DA) with opportunities for transportation to the study sites during the study period. We would also like to acknowledge Prof. Dr. Rikap Yüce for his contribution and help during this study. In addition, we are grateful to 2 anonymous reviewers for their invaluable comments on the first draft. This project was supported by Marmara University’s Scientific Research Foundation (Project Number FENDKR-140607-0121).

References Broodbakker, N.W. and Danielopol, D.L. 1982. The chaetotaxy of Cypridacea (Crustacea, Ostracoda) limbs: proposal for a descriptive model. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde 52: 103-120.

Gülen, D., Özuluğ, O.A. and Bilgin, F.H. 1996. Ostracoda (Crustacea) fauna of Kabaklı Spring (Diyarbakır). XIII. Ulusal Biyoloji Kongresi, İstanbul, pp. 162-172 (abstract in English).

Carbonel, P., Colin, J.P., Danielopol, D. L., Löffler, H. and Neustreva, I. 1988. Paleoecology of limnic ostracodes: a review of some major topics. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 62: 413461.

Külköylüoğlu, O. 2003. Ecology of freshwater Ostracoda (Crustacea) from lakes and reservoirs in Bolu, Turkey. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 18: 343-347.

Gonzalez-Mozo, M.E., Martens, K. and Baltanás, A. 1996. A taxonomic revision of European Herpetocypris Brady and Norman, 1889 (Crustacea, Ostracoda). Biologie 66: 93-132.

Meisch, C. 2000. Freshwater Ostracoda of Western and Central Europe. In: Suesswasserfauna von Mitteleuropa 8/3 (eds. J. Schwoerbel and P. Zwick), Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg, Berlin.

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