Full Text

Report and Opinion 2015;7(8)

http://www.sciencepub.net/report

Effect Of Weight And Length On Full Blood Count Of Cat Fish (Clarias Gariapinus) Adamu, N. M. And Solomon, R.J. Department Of Bilogical Sciences, Faculty Of Science, University Of Abuja, Nigeria. [email protected] Abstract: This study was to investigate the effect of length and weight on Clarias gariapinus haematological parameters in commercial fish ponds in Gwargwalada Area council, in the F.C.T. 87 blood samples were collected from the 5th of March to the 10th of April, the samples were group into three bases on their weight and length Group one ranging from10-20cm and 180-278grams, and Group two 21-30cm and 280-503grams, and Group three 3150cm and 509-900 grams. Each blood sample were examine for full blood count which consist of WBC, erythrocytes count (RBC), haemoglobin (Hb), hematocrits (PCV), leukocytes (WBC) differential count and blood indices such as MCV, MCH and MCH. All the calculation were evaluated using ANOVA method in the haematological evaluation the following result show no significant differences from the three group (P 0.05 level of significant. Therefore there is no significant difference in MCH of the three groups. Hypothesis H0 : there is no significant difference in LYMP of the three groups H1 : there is significant difference in LYMP of the three groups

83



Descriptive LYMP N

Mean

Std. Deviation

Std. Error

1.00 2.00 3.00 Total

68.6028 76.6124 4.7497 49.9883

8.03907 16.71768 2.13713 34.05149

1.49282 3.10440 .39685 3.65070

29 29 29 87

95% Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound Upper Bound 65.5449 71.6607 70.2533 82.9715 3.9367 5.5626 42.7309 57.2456

Minimum Maximum 54.20 41.50 1.33 1.33

83.76 92.03 9.43 92.03

Anova LYMP Sum of Squares 89954.418 9762.896 99717.314

Between Groups Within Groups Total = 0.05

Df 2 84 86

Mean Square 44977.209 116.225

F 386.984

Sig. .000

Conclusion: we reject H0 since the p-value (0.000) < 0.05 level of significant. Therefore there is significant difference in LYMP of the three groups. Hypothesis H0 : there is no significant difference in NEUT of the three groups H1 : there is significant difference in NEUT of the three groups Descriptive NEUT N

Mean

Std. Deviation

Std. Error

1.00 2.00 3.00 Total

26.2414 5.3531 64.3952 31.9966

4.92555 3.04864 22.75044 27.99902

.91465 .56612 4.22465 3.00181

29 29 29 87


Minimum Maximum 20.00 1.33 25.00 1.33

37.00 12.61 92.03 92.03

Anova NEUT Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 51987.443 2 25993.721 141.491 .000 Within Groups 15431.855 84 183.713 Total 67419.297 86 = 0.05 Conclusion: we reject H0 since the p-value (0.000) < 0.05 level of significant. Therefore there is significant difference in NEUT of the three groups. Hypothesis H0 : there is no significant difference in EOS of the three groups H1 : there is significant difference in EOS of the three groups Descriptive EOS

1.00 2.00 3.00 Total

N Mean

Std. Deviation

Std. Error

29 29 29 87

6.50687 11.24871 10.81919 10.77233

1.20829 2.08883 2.00907 1.15491

26.3448 36.9921 35.7997 33.0455


84

Minimum Maximum 13.09 21.00 15.67 13.09

39.43 63.07 61.26 63.07



ANOVA EOS Sum of Squares 1973.734 8005.971 9979.705

Between Groups Within Groups Total = 0.05

df 2 84 86

Mean Square 986.867 95.309

F 10.354

Sig. .000

Conclusion: We reject H0 since the p-value (0.000) < 0.05 level of significant. Therefore there is significant difference in EOS of the three groups. Hypothesis H0 : there is no significant difference in MON of the three groups H1 : there is significant difference in MON of the three groups Descriptive MON N

Mean

1.00 2.00 3.00 Total

16.9655 9.2845 8.9947 11.7482

29 29 29 87

Std. Deviation Std. Error 95% Confidence Interval for Minimum Mean Lower Bound Upper Bound 6.20761 1.15273 14.6043 19.3268 5.00 3.18212 .59090 8.0741 10.4949 4.33 3.15861 .58654 7.7933 10.1962 3.02 5.73355 .61470 10.5263 12.9702 3.02

Maximum

29.00 15.67 15.78 29.00

ANOVA MON Between Groups Within Groups Total = 0.05

Sum of Squares 1185.286 1641.841 2827.127

df 2 84 86

Mean Square 592.643 19.546

F 30.321

Sig. .000

Conclusion: we reject H0 since the p-value (0.000) < 0.05 level of significant. Therefore there is significant difference in MON of the three groups. this study. the mean erythrocyte count of C. gariepinus obtained in this study is not in conformity with that of other workers. Adeyemo (2005) obtained a mean erythrocyte count of 3.52x 106 /ul while Adedeji et al. (2000) recorded 2.4x106 the differences in climatic and environmental factors in the places from where the species of the fish were obtained as suggested by Barnhart (2001).

Discussion There were variations in all haematological parameters measured during the study. similar variations have been reported in the haematological profile of other clarias catfishes by other researchers. Kori-siakpere (2003) noted wide variations in the haemoglobin concerntration, haematocrit and erythrocyte indices of the catfish clarias isheriensis the mean haematocrit values recorded in this study is in agreement with results from previous studies carried out by Adedeji et al., (2000) and Adeyemo, (2005) who got mean values of 37.0% and 36.0% respectively for clarias gariepinus. sniesko (2006) recorded a range of 40-50% when he worked on rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri), several researchers have reported significant differences in haematocrit between sexes in sexually mature species (snieszko, 2006 and Mulcachy 1970). this observation is consistent with the result obtained in

Conclusion The evaluation of haematological characteristics in fish has become an Important means of understanding normal, pathological processes and toxicological impactssudova et al. (2008). Haematological alterations are usually the first detectable and quantifiable responses to environmental change wandelaar bonga(1997).

85



Haematological profiles can provide important information about the internal environment of the organism masopust J. (2000). The observed decrease in PCV, WBC, MON, and MCV they tend to decrease as the weight increases For fish in the three group is in line with the observation they is a slight increases in Hb, Rbc, and MCH this tend to increase as the weight decrease. While MON, EOS, NEUT, and MCH keeps fluctuating that is to say the weight and length of the fish have no effect in them.

11.

12. 13.

Reference 1. Adeyemo, O.; Agbede, S.A.; Olaniyan, A.O. and Shoaga, O. A. (2003). The haematological response of Clarias gariepinus to changes in acclimation temperature. Afr. J. of Biomed. Res., 6: 105-108. 2. Adeyomo ok, haematological profile of clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) exposed to lead, Turkish J fish aquatic sci 2005;7;183-9. 3. Adhikari S, Sarkar B, Chatterjee A, Mahapatra CT. and Ayyappan S (2004). Effect of carboforan on certain haematological parameters and prediction of their recovery in a fresh water teleost, labeo rohita (Hamilton) Ecotoxicology and Environmental safety 58; pp. 220-226. 4. Afolabi, O. A Arawomo, A. O and Oke, O. (2000): Quality Changes of Nigerian traditionally processed freshwater species. In nutritive and onoleptic Changes. J. Food Technol, 19:333-340. 5. Ajani, F. olukunle OA and Agbedi SA (2007). Hormonal and haematological responses of clarias gariepinus to nitrite toxicity J. fish Int.2(1): pp. 486. Barnhart R. A. effect of certain variables on the haematological characteristic of rainbow trout Trans. Amer. Soc. 2001; 98 pp 411-418. 7. Best, J.H., Eddy, F.B. and Codd, G.H. (2001). Effects of purified microcystin- LR and cell extracts of Microcystis strains PCC 7813 and function in brown trout (salmo trutta) alevins. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry. (in press). 8. Blaxhall, P. C. (2009). The haematological assessment of the health of freshwater fish. Journal of Fish Biology. 4, 593-605. 9. Borges A, Scotti LV, Siqueira DR, Zanini R, Amaral F, Jurinitz DF, Wassermann GF. Changes in hematological and serum biochemical values in jundiá Rhamdia quelen due to sub-lethal toxicity of cypermethrin. Chemosphere. 2007;69:920–926. 10. Buckley, J. A., Whitmore, C. M. and Matsuda, R. I. (2000). Changes in blood chemistry and blood cell morphology in coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch following exposure to sublethal levels of total residual chlorine in municipal wastewater,

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

86

Journal of Fish Research Board Canada. 33, 776782. Connors T.T., Schneider, M.J. Genoway, R.G. and Barraclough, S.A. (2001). Effect of acclimation temperature on plasma levels of glucose and lactate in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. J. Exp. Zool., 206: 443-449. Dankishiya and Oboh (2009)haematology parameter of Clarias gariepinus. Davies PE, Cook LSJ, Goenarso D. Sub lethal responses to pesticides of several species of Australian freshwater fish and crustaceans and rainbow trout. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 1994;13(8):1341-1354. Decie JV, Lewis SM, (1975). Practical haematology 5th edition. Churchill livingstone, London. Fagbenro OA, Adedire CO, Owoseni EA. and EO Ayotunde (2009). Studies on the biology and aquaculture potential of clarridae Tro, Zoo. (6); pp. 67- 69. FOS. 2000. Federal Office of Statistics. Nigerian Fish Production by Sectors. Lagos Nigerian Government Printers. Nigeria. 40 pp. Gross R., Gliwitzki M., Gross P. and Klaus F. (2009). Food and Nutrition Bulletin Volume 17, Number 1, United Nations University Press. Hattingh J and AJJ Van Pletzen (2003). the influence of capturing and transportation on some blood parameter of fresh water fish Comp Biochem Physcol. (4); 499 pp. 607-609. Huffman P.A, M.R. Arkoosh, and E. Casillas, “characteristics of peripheral blood cells from rainbow trout evaluated by particle counter, image analysis, and hemocytometric techniques,” journal of aquatic animal health, vol.9, no.4 pp.239-248, 1997. Hussein SY, El-Nasser MA, Ahmed SM. Comparative studies on the effects of herbicide atrazine on fresh water fish Oreochromis niloticus and Chrysichthyes auratus at Assiut. Egypt. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 2009; 57(3):503-510. Iqbal S, Saxena MM, Sethi N, Singh RK. Effect of urea exposure on the haematological parameters of Clarias batrachus. Ecotoxicology and Environment Safety. 2006;164-166. Jee JH, Masroor F, Kang JC. Responses of cypermethrin-induced stress in haematological parameters of Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli (Hilgendorf) Aquac. Res. 2005;36:898-905. Kori siakpere O, ake JEG, Idoge E> haematological characteristics of the African snajehead, parachanna obscura. afri J biotechnol. 2005; 4 (6):527-530.



24. Kori- siakpere O (2006). chronic sublethal haematological effect of copper in a freshwater teleost. in clarias gariapinus. Nig. Annals Nat.Sci. 1:37-43. 25. Kori-siakpere O (2001). Some alternations in haematological parameters in clarias gariapinus bexposed to sublethal concentration of waterborne lead. Biores. Comm. 8(2): 93-98. 26. Masheswaran R, Devapani A, Muralidharan S, Vehmurugan B, Ignacinuthus S,. haematological studies of freash water fish, clarias batrachus (L) exposed to mercuru chloride. Int J integ Bol. 2008;2(1);:49-54. 27. Masopust J. Clinical biochemistry. Karolinum, Praha. 2000. 28. Mekkawy AA, Hussain SY, Ahmed SM. Comparative studies on the effects of herbicide atrazine on some blood constituents and protein electrophoretic patterns of Oreochromis niloticus and Chrysichthyes auratus at Assiut. Egypt. Journal of the Egyptian German Society of Zoology. 2003;19:283- 319. 29. Nussey, G., Van Vuren J.H.J. and Du Preez, H.H., 2002. Effect of copper on the differential white blood cell counts of the Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 111C:381– 388. 30. Ivanova, N.T., 1983. Atlas of fish blood cells. Moskva, izd. Legkaja i pišcevaja promyšlennost. 75P. (In Russian). 31. Oti, E.E. (2002). Acute Toxicity of Cassava Mill Effluent To The African Catfish Fingerlings Journal Of Aquatic Sciences, 17 (1). 32. Rehulka, J. and Minarík, B., 2005. Blood parameters in brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill, 1815), affected by columnarisdisease. Journal of Aquaculture Research, 38 (11):1182– 1197. 33. Shah, S.L, and A Altindag, 2004. haematological parameters of tench, (tinca tinca) after acute and

34.

35.

36.

37.

38.

39.

40.

41.

8/23/2015

87

chronic exposure to lethal and sub-lethal mercury treatments Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxico., 73:911-918. Snieszko, S.F., 1991. microhaematrocrit as a tool in fisheries management, special scientific report – fisheries No. 314. US Departement of Int. fish and fisheries wildlife special scientific Report pp: 15. Sudova E, Piackova V, Kroupova H, Pijacek M, Svobodova Z. The effect of praziquantel applied per as on selected haematological and biochemical indices in Common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry. 2008;35(4):599-605. Stoskopf M.K. 1993. clinical pathology in fish medicine. W.B. Saunders company, Hartcourt Brace Jovanourah inc. Trivedi SP, Singh P, Sethi N, Singh RK. Evaluation of hematotoxic effects of two community used fertilizers, diammonium phosphate and urea on fish Clarias batrachus. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 1990; 19(2):135-142. Van Vuren, J. H. J. (2004). The effects of toxicants on the haematology of Labeo umbratus (Teleostei; cyprinidae). Comparative Biochemistry & Physiology. 83C, 155-159. Velisek J, Stara A, Svobodova Z. The effects of pyrethroid and Triazine pesticides on fish physiology. Pesticides in the Modern World Pests Control and Pesticides Exposure and toxicity Assessment. Dr. Margarita Stoytcheva (Ed.) ISBN: 978-953- 307-457-3; 2007. Velisek J, Svobodova Z, Machova J. Effects of bifenthrin on some Haematological Biochemical and Pistopathological parameters of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry. 2007; 35(4):583-590. Wendelaar Bonga SE. The Stress Response in fish. Physiology Reviews. 1997; 77(3):591-625.