Comp. Parasitol. 70(1), 2003. pp. 26-31
Guavinella tropica n. gen., n. sp. (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) from the Gills of the Bigmouth Sleeper, Gobiomorus dormitor (Perciformes: Eleotridae), from Mexico EDGARE MENDOZA- FRANCO,"^ ToMÁS SCHOLZ,''~ AND GUIUERMINA CABANAS-CARRANZA~
' Laboratory of Parasitology, Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CMVESTAV-IPN Unidad Mtrida). Carretera Antigua a Progreso Km. 6, Apartado Postal 73 Cordernex, C.P. 97310 MCrida, Yucatin, Mexico (e-mail:
[email protected]), Institute of Parasitology, Acaderny of Sciences of the Czech Republic, BraniSovski 31. 37005 ceské Budeijovice. Czech Republic (e-rnail:
[email protected]).and Institute of Biology, National Autonornous University of Mexico (UNAM), Apartado Postal 70-153, 04510 México D.F. Mexico (e-rnail:
[email protected]) ABSTRACT: The ancyrocephaline monogene Guavinella tropica n. gen., n. sp. is described from the gills of the bigmouth sleeper. Gobiomoms donnitor (Perciformes: Eleo~~idae), from Veracmz. Mexico. This is the first dactylogyrid reported from a Neotropical eleotrid fish. KEY WORDS: Monogenea. Dactylogyndae. Guavinella tropica, Perciforrnes, Eleotridae, Gobiomorus dormitor. Mexico, new genus, new species. Gil1 monogeneans representing 7 genera of Ancyrocephalinae (Dactylogyridae) have been reported from freshwater fishes in Mexico and Central America: Sciadicleithrum Kritsky, Thatcher, and Boeger. 1989, Gussevia Kohn and Papema, 1964, and Cichlidogyms Nordmann, 1832 from cichlids; Urocleidoides (sensu lato) Mizelle and Pnce, 1964 from characids of the genus Astyanax; Ameloblastella Kritsky, Mendoza-Franco, and Scholz, 2000 and Aphanoblastella Kritsky, Mendoza-Franco, and Scholz, 2000 from the pimelodid catfish Rhamdia guatemalensis; and Salsuginus Beverley-Burton, 1984 from the poeciliid pike-killifish Belonesox belizanus (Kritsky et al., 1994, 2000; MendozaFranco et al., 1997, 1999,2000; Jiménez-García et al., 2001; Mendoza-Franco and Vidal-Martínez, 2001; Vidal-Martínez, Aguirre-Macedo, et al., 2001; Vidal-Martínez, Scholz, et al., 2001). During a survey of the helminth parasites of fishes in the state of Veracruz, Mexico. monogeneans were found on the gills of the bigmouth sleeper, Gobiomorus dormitor (Perciformes: Eleotridae). They differ from members of al1 known genera of Ancyrocephalinae and a new genus, Guavinella, is erected to accommodate them.
MATERIALS AND METHODS Fish were caught by landing net in 2 small nvers near the Los Tuxtlas biological station near Lake Ca,
Corresponding author
ternaco in May 1999 and in 2 nvers near the town of Tlacotalpan in September 2000, al1 in central Veracmz, Mexico. Additional specirnens collected in May 1995 frorn a site near the Pacific coast of Jalisco State also were studied. Fish were transported alive to the laboratory and dissected immediately using standard procedures. Monogeneans were isolated from the gil1 filarnents with preparation needles and fixed with glycenn-arnrnoniurn picrate (GAP) using the technique outlined by Ergens (1969). Sorne woms were fixed with hot 4% formalin, then stained with Gomori's trichrorne and mounted in Canada balsarn to study the morphology of interna1 organs; others were mounted unstained in Gray and Wess' mediurn. Al1 measurements are given in micrometers (1,~rn);the rnean is followed by the range and number of specirnens measured in parentheses. Drawings were rnade with the aid of a drawing tube using an Olympus microscope with Nornarski interference contrast.
Guavineiia n. gen. Diagnosis Dactylogyridae, Ancyrocephalinae. Body fusiform, slightly flattened dorsoventrally. Tegument thin, smooth. Two terminal and bilateral cephalic lobes; 4 bilateral pairs of head organs; cephalic glands unicellular. lateral or posterolateral to pharynx. Four eyes (2 pairs); grandes subspherical. Pharynx muscular, glandular; esophagus present; 2 intestinal ceca confluent posterior to gonads, lacking diverticula. Gonads intercecal, overlapping; testis dorsal to germarium. Vas deferens looping left intestinal cecum; seminal vesicle a dilation of vas deferens;. 1 prostatic reservoir. Copulatory complex comprising nonarticulated male copulatory organ,
,
MENDOZA-FRANCO ET AL.4UAVINELL.A TROPICA N. GEN.. N . S P .
accessory piece. Male copulatory organ tubular, coiled; coi1 with less than one to several counterclockwise rings. Accessory piece simple, distally serving as guide for male copulatory organ. Genital pore midventral, at leve1 of intestinal bifurcation. Seminal receptacle ventral to anterior end of germarium; vaginal aperture dextral, sclerotized. Vitellaria well developed, scattered throughout trunk. Haptor subhexagonal with dorsal and ventral pairs of unmodified anchors, ventral and dorsal bars, and 7 pairs of similar hooks with distribution typical of Ancyrocephalinae. Dorsal bar rod shaped, with longitudinal lateral grooves; hooks with undilated shanks and upnght thumb. Parasites of the gills of Neotropical Eleotridae.
Taxonomlc summary Type species: Guavinella tropica n. sp. Etymology: The new genus is named after vernacular Spanish name of its fish host, guavina.
Remarks The genus Guavinella is distinguished from known genera in Ancyrocephalinae by the possession of the following character suite: gonads overlapping (testis dorsal to germarium); accessory eye granules subspherical; male copulatory organ and accessory piece nonarticulated basally; male copulatory organ tube coiled counterclockwise; dorsal bar with longitudinal lateral grooves; seminal vesicle formed by a simple dilation of the vas deferens; undilated hook shanks with upright thumb; and vaginal aperture dextral. The genus is distinguished from other ancyrocephaline genera reported from Mexico and Central Amenca by differences in the haptoral sclerites. The new genus lacks the anterior umbelliform membranes or cavities on the ventral bar present in Sciadicleithrum (Kritsky et al., 1989, 1994; Mendoza-Franco et al., 1997, 1999, 2000; Vidal-Martínez, Scholz, et al.. 2001). the 2 anteriad projections on the dorsal bar present in Cichlidogyrus (Jiménez-García et al., 2001; Vidal-Martínez, Aguirre-Macedo, et al., 2001). the postenomedial projection of the ventral bar present in Ameloblastella and in Aphanoblastella (Kritsky et al., 2000) but possesses a dorsal bar with longitudinal lateral grooves absent in Salsuginus (Mendoza-Franco and Vidal-Martínez, 2001), and hooks of similar size and shape, unlike those of Urocleidoides (Kritsky et al.,
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1986), and hook pair 5 in Gussevia (Kritsky et al., 1986; Vidal-Martínez, Scholz, et al.. 2001). Guavinella differ from Pseudodac~logyroides in the absence of patches on the large anchors and a pair of very small anchors (Lim, 1995).
Guavlnella tropica n. sp. (Figs. 1-13) Descrlption Body fusiform; greatest width near rnidlength. Cephalic lobes poorly to moderately developed. Eyes 2-4, poorly developed; members of postenor pair usually farther apart than those of anterior pair; eye granules frequently dissociated, small, usually ovate; accessory granules in cephalic and anterior trunk regions. Pharynx spherical; esophagus relatively short. Peduncle elongate, narrow; haptor subhexagonal. Anchors similar, each with elongate superficial root, short deep root, slightly curved shaft, and short straight point. Ventral bar straight to slightly Vshaped. Dorsal bar rod shaped. grooved. Hooks similar, each with finely tapered shaft and point, erect thumb, narrow shank; filamentous hooklet loop extending to two thirds of shank length. Male copulatory organ compnsing about 1 to 0.5 nng; base of male copulatory organ with sclerotized margin, with proximal flap. Accessory piece with terminal hook. fleshy, rod shaped. with lateral margins slightly expanded, forming interna1 groove serving as guide for male copulatory organ. Seminal vesicle fusiform, lying diagonally in median field of anterior trunk, postenor to male copulatory organ. Germarium subovate; oviduct and ootype not observed. Vagina1 aperture with a sclerotized papilla lying in small indentation of body margin, dista1 sclerotized canal funnel shaped, opening into large, subovate seminal receptacle. On the basis of 13 specimens fixed with GAP, 12 specimens stained with Gomon's trichrome, and 1 unstained specimen in Gray and Wess' medium; measurements of specimens from different localities presented in Table 1.
Taxonomic summary Type host: Bigmouth sleeper, Go. dormitor (Perciformes: Eleotridae). Site of infection: Gills. Type locality/collection date: Arroyo Balzapote stream near the village of Montepio, Los Tux-
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COMPARATIVE PARASITOLOGY, 70(1),JANUARY 2003
Figures 1-13. Guavinella rropica, n. gen., n. sp. 1. Composite. ventral whole mount without haptor. M. Haptoral structures of small form. 2. Dorsal anchor. 3. Hook. 4. Ventral anchor. 5. Dorsal bar. 6. Ventral bar. 7. Copulatory complex. 8-11. Haptoral structures of large form. 8. Dorsal anchor. 9. Ventral anchor. 10. Dorsal bar. 11. Ventral bar. 12. Vagina. 13. Haptor.
MENDOZA-FRANCO ET A L . 4 U A V I N E L L . 4 TROPICA N. GEN., N . SP.
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Table 1. Morphometric measurements ln micrometers of Guavinella tropica from Gobiomorus dormitor from 2 geographlcal areas in Mexico. Los tuxtlas Mean
Range
nacotalpan N
SD
Mean
Range
N
SD
Body length Grcatcst width Pharynx Haptor length Haptor width Ventral anchor length Ventral anchor width Dorsal anchor length Dorsal anchor width Vcnuai bar lcngth Dorsal bar lcngth H w k length First ring of MCOt Auiessory piece length
t Male copulatory organ.
tlas, Veracruz, Mexico, 18"401N; 95"10fW, May 1999.
confluence with Chalacatepec Lagoon, Jalisco, Mexico. 19'38'54"N; IO5"l2'52'W, March 1995.
Prevalence and intensiíy of infections: N o of 4 fish sampled from Balzapote and Río Máquinas (50%, 6); 6 of 9 fish sarnpled frorn Papaloapan (67%, 28); 2 of 4 fish sampled from San Juan Bautista (50%, 3); and, 1 of 1 fish sampled from Río San Nicolas (10070, 97).
Eíymology: The species is named after its area of distribution, tropical Mexico.
Deposition of types: Holotype (CNHE No. 4423). 1 paratype (CNHE No. 4424), and 3 voucher specimens (CNHE No. 4501), National Helrninthological Collection of Mexico, Institute of Biology, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico; 2 paratypes and 2 voucher specimens, United States National Parasite Collection, Beltsville, Maryland, U.S.A., (USNPC Nos. 91728); 2 paratypes, The Natural History Museum, London, U.K., (BMHH Nos. 2002.4.4.1 and 2002.4.4.2); 2 paratypes, helminthological collection of the Institute of Parasitology, Ceské Bud6jovice. Czech Republic (IPCAS No. M-377); and 4 voucher specimens, helminthological collection, (CINVESTAV-IPN) Merida, Mexico (CHCM Nos. 434 and 435). Records: Gobiomorus dormitor, Río Máquinas near the village of Montepio, Los Tuxtlas station, Veracmz, Mexico, 18"401N;95"10fW, May 1999; Go. dormitor, Río Papaloapán and Río San Juan Bautista near Tlacotalpan, Veracruz, Mexico, 18°22'28'N; 95O4l136"W, September 2000; Gobiomorus sp., Río San Nicolas at its
Remarks Guavinella tropica was found in the northernmost part of the Neotropical region but exhibits close morphological similarities to species of Neotropical genera of Ancyrocephalinae, particularly those occurring in southeastern Mexico and Central America. such as Sciadicleithrum, from cichlids, and Salsuginus, parasitizing poeciliids, in having hooks of similar size with upright thumb (Kritsky et al., 1994; MendozaFranco et al., 1999, 2000; Mendoza-Franco and Vidal-Martínez, 2001). It is noteworthy that specimens of Gu. tropica and those of Pseudodactylogyroides frorn Malaysia are morphologically similar, despite the geographical isolation of their host fishes (Lim, 1995). For example, specimens of Guavinella and Pseudodactylogyroides possess a copulatory complex consisting of a simple tube and a rod shaped accessory piece at the dista1 end of the copulatory tube. Anchor size was highly variable in our material. As detailed in Table l , anchors were much smaller in specimens from Arroyo Balzapote (type locality) than in specimens from other localities studied (Las Máquinas, Papaloapan, and San Juan Bautista). Despite population difference in anchor size, anchor shapes were identi-
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COMPARATIVE PARASITOLOGY. 70(1), JANUARY 2003
cal across sites. Therefore, we consider al1 worms conspecific, representing 2 populations differing in biometrical characteristics of their anchors. Guavinella tropica is the first ancyrocephaline rnonogenean reported frorn the gills of Neotropical eleotrids despite the fact that a number of these fishes have been examined for parasites (PCrez-Ponce de León et al., 1996). However, severa1 genera of gil1 dactylogyrids have been recovered from cichlids and fishes of other perciformid families (Kritsky et al., 1989, 2000; Vidal-Martínez. Aguirre-Macedo, et al., 2001; Vidal-Martínez, Scholz, et al., 2001). Eleotrid fishes from the Malaysia Peninsula host species of Pseudodactylogyroides in freshwater and marine environments (Lim, 1995). This suggests that the apparent rarity of G u . tropica from eleotrids in Mexico may be related to the parasite's tolerance to variation in salinity across marine and freshwater habitats. However, specimens of G u . tropica were recovered from Gobiomorus sp. collected on the Pacific coast of the State of Jalisco, establishing the distribution of this rnonogenean along both the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of Mexico, matching the distribution of eleotrids of the genus Gobiomorus (EspinosaPCrez et al., 1993). Recent records of monogeneans parasitizing cichlid, pimelodid, characid, poeciliid. and eleotrid fish in southeastem and central Mexico (Mendoza-Franco et al., 1995, 1997, 1999. 2000; Kntsky et al., 2000; Mendoza-Franco and Vidal-Martínez, 2001; VidalMartínez, Aguirre-Macedo, et al., 2001) suggest that monogeneans may be much more common in Mexico than was previously thought (PCrezPonce de León et al., 1996; Salgado-Maldonado et al., 2001).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors thank Dr. Guillermo SalgadoMaldonado, Rafael Baéz-Valé, Griselda Moreno-Navarrete, Rogelio Aguilar-Aguilar, and Petra Sánchez-Nava, Institute of Biology, UNAM, Mexico, for help in collecting and examining fish and Dr. Delane Kritsky, University of Idaho, Pocatello, Idaho, U.S.A. for valuable advice. This study was supported by project No. 27668 of the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de México (G. Salgado-Maldonado). The stay of one of the authors (T.S.) in Mexico was supported by CONACyT (catedra patrimonial) and
his stay at the biological station "Los Tuxtlas" by the Institute of Biology, UNAM, Mexico.
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