Meta-analysis of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with tegafur-uracil in non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:4999â5006. [22] Owonikoko TK ...
H. Ogawa et al. / Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery [21] Hamada C, Tanaka F, Ohta M, Fujimura S, Kodama K, Imaizumi M et al. Meta-analysis of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with tegafur-uracil in non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:4999–5006. [22] Owonikoko TK, Ragin CC, Belani CP, Oton AB, Gooding WE, Taioli E et al. Lung cancer in elderly patients: an analysis of the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:5570–7. [23] Jeon JH, Kang CH, Kim HS, Seong YW, Park IK, Kim YT. Prognostic and predictive role of epidermal growth factor receptor mutation in recurrent pulmonary adenocarcinoma after curative resection. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2015;47:556–62. [24] Takenaka T, Takenoyama M, Yamaguchi M, Toyozawa R, Inamasu E, Kojo M et al. Impact of the epidermal growth factor receptor mutation status on the post-recurrence survival of patients with surgically resected non-small-cell lung cancer. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2015;47:550–5. [25] Travis WD, Brambilla E, Noguchi M, Nicholson AG, Geisinger KR, Yatabe Y et al. International association for the study of lung cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society international multidisciplinary classification of lung adenocarcinoma. J Thorac Oncol 2011;6: 244–85.
eComment. When and why is it reasonable to perform a pleural lavage cytology in non-small-cell lung cancer patients?
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in pathological Stage II-III (Grade 1A for ESMO [3] and ACCP [4]) and may be considered also in patients with resected Stage IB disease and a primary tumour >4 cm (Grade 2B for ESMO [5]). Therefore in such patients ( pStage II-III and selected cases of pStage IB), PLC findings represent a further negative prognostic factor that would probably influence the long-term outcome in such patients but not the strategy of care, considering that the adjuvant therapy is already recommended (as reported above). In the manuscript of Ogawa and co-workers [2], a total of 26 patients (about 50% of the sample) with positive PLC had Stage II-III disease, of whom 13 underwent surgery alone and 11 underwent surgery with adjuvant chemotherapy. Thus, the positive affect of adjuvant therapy on longterm outcome in these cases may be independent of PLC findings, as reported in the guidelines cited above. Indeed, the same Authors have performed a deeper survival analysis, observing that adjuvant chemotherapy tended to improve the 5-year RFS rate compared with surgery alone (60.1 and 29%; P = 0.11) even when considering Stage-I NSCLC cases only. On the one hand, we completely agree with the conclusion of the Authors [2], who suggest that adjuvant chemotherapy may be efficacious in patients with positive PLC findings and, accordingly, this factor (PLC) should deserve more consideration in the forthcoming staging classification systems. On the other hand, we suggest that a PLC should only be performed in patients with clinical Stage I where a positive PLC finding stays the main discriminating factor in the planning of the adjuvant therapy. Finally, a randomized clinical trial would definitely clarify the efficacy of adjuvant therapy in these selected cases. We would greatly appreciate the Authors reflections and reactions of the points raised. Conflict of interest: none declared.
The pattern of failure after surgery in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) stays as an open forum of discussion in the scientific community. Positive pleural lavage cytology (PLC) findings are associated with increased risk of lung cancer recurrence in patients undergoing surgical resection, according to a recent meta-analysis [1]. In this setting, we have read with extreme interest the recent article by Ogawa and coworkers [2], who have investigated the clinical benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in a cohort of patients (n = 53) with positive PLC findings, undergoing surgery with curative intent for lung adenocarcinoma. When comparing the long-term results between patients treated with surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy (n = 24) and patients treated with surgery alone (n = 29), they observed a significantly difference (P
