High Temperature Ceramic Materials and Composites

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Edited by Walter Krenkel and Jacques Lamon

High Temperature Ceramic Materials and Composites

Proceedings 7th International Conference on High Temperature Ceramic Matrix Composites (HT-CMC 7), September 20 – 22, 2010 in Bayreuth, Germany Editors Prof. Dr.-Ing. Walter Krenkel University of Bayreuth Ceramic Materials Engineering Ludwig-Thoma-Straße 36 b 95440 Bayreuth Germany

Dr. Jacques Lamon CNRS / INSA Lyon Laboratoire MATEIS 20 Avenue Albert Einstein 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France

Organization University of Bayreuth, Ceramic Materials Engineering, Ludwig-Thoma-Straße 36 b, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany Fraunhofer ISC, Project Group Ceramic Composites, Gottlieb-Keim-Straße 60, 95448 Bayreuth, Germany Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon / CNRS, Laboratoire MATEIS, 20, Avenue Albert Einstein, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France Université de Bordeaux 1, Laboratoire des Composites Thermostructuraux, Allée de La Boétie 33600 Pessac, France This book was carefully produced. Nevertheless, authors, editors and publisher do not warrant the information contained therein to be free of errors. Readers are advised to keep in mind that statements, data, illustrations, procedural details or other items inadvertently be inaccurate. Cover: © Photos: Audi AG, Fraunhofer ISC Ceramic Composites, Snecma Propulsion Solide, Schunk Group © AVISO Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, D-10117 Berlin (Germany), 2010 All rights reserved (including those of translation in other languages). No part of this book may be reproduced in any form – by photoprinting, microfilm, or any other means – nor transmitted or translated into machine language without written permission from the publishers. Registered names, trademarks, etc. used in the book, even when not specifically marked as such, are not to be considered unprotected by law.

Preface

Creating and developing high performance materials for use in specific domains and industrial systems is the philosophy of composite science and engineering. The composite concept is straightforward: Composites are versatile materials, and they can also be intelligent. Following the imagination of researchers and engineers, the theoretical combinations of fibers, matrices and interfaces is infinite when it comes to tailoring composite materials for application requirements. They are hence vehicles for progress in high technology. The field of investigation is very wide, be it through experiments or modeling. It ranges from the nano- and micro-scale of fibers and matrices to macroscale composite components or systems while focusing both processing and application. Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMC) had originally been developed for limited-life structures in aerospace industry as a lightweight and heat-resistant alternative to metal-based materials. Today, they can be tailored for various customized purposes, and therefore offer a wide range of applications, e. g. in transportation and energetic systems. This book establishes the state of the art on CMCs for high temperature applications. It includes 120 papers that were discussed at the seventh international conference on High Temperature Ceramic Matrix Composites (HT-CMC 7) held in Bayreuth (Germany) from September 20 to 22, 2010. Each manuscript was peer-reviewed by renowned experts. The published papers are part of about 250 papers that were finally presented at the conference. The focus is on ceramic and carbon matrix composites. Additionally, emphasis has been put on high temperature ceramic composites with improved performance, in particular with resistance to severe environmental conditions: MAX-phases, ultra-high temperature ceramics, polymer derived ceramics, thermal and environmental barrier coatings. The papers cover all aspects of composite science and technology such as fibers, textile preforms, matrices, joining, microstructure/properties relationship, processing, fracture toughness, reliability, modeling and simulation, lifetime prediction, application issues. From the proceedings of earlier HT-CMCs, it appears that the emphasis has shifted from processing issues to modeling/simulation and microstructure/ properties correlation. This reflects that the CMCs are reaching maturity. It is worth pointing out that many interesting papers on microstructure simulation have come up.

HT-CMC 7 has become the most comprehensive conference on CMCs for high temperature applications. The HT-CMC conference series is taking place every three years at alternating locations around the globe: Bordeaux (France, 1993), Santa Barbara (USA, 1995), Osaka (Japan, 1998), Munich (Germany, 2001), Seattle (USA, 2004) and New Delhi (India, 2007). The editors wish to extend their gratitude and appreciation to all authors for their cooperation. We would like to thank Patrick David, Rolf Janssen, Silvia Johnson, Dietmar Koch, Marion Le Flem, Günter Motz und Uwe Schulz and their teams for their cooperation during the entire evaluating and reviewing process. Furthermore, we appreciate the excellent support of Angelika Schwarz and Andreas Kluge as copy editors.

Bayreuth, September 2010 Walter Krenkel

Jacques Lamon

HT-CMC 7 Conference Chairs and Editors

Contents Chapter 1 Ceramic Matrix Composites CVI: A Versatile CMC-Processing Technique Revisited.......................................2 R. Naslain, R. Pailler, S. Jacques, G. Vignoles, F. Langlais, University of Bordeaux, LCTS, Pessac (F) 1.1 Fibers and Preforms Synthesis and Structural Investigation of Precursors for Non-Oxide Ceramic Fibers.................................................................................16 Bernd Clauß, Dirk Schawaller, Kolja Meyer, Jürgen Heck, Institute of Textile Chemistry and Chemical Fibers, ITCF, Denkendorf (GER); Otgontuul Tsetsgee, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart (GER); Klaus Müller, Universita degli Studi di Trento, Dipartimento di Ingegneria dei Materialie Tecnologie Industriali, Trento (I); Michael R. Buchmeister, University of Stuttgart, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Stuttgart (GER) Advanced Inorganic Fibers and Their Applications............................................27 Toshihiro Ishikawa, Ube Industries, Ltd., Research & Development, Ube (J) Physicochemical Interactions between MWCNTs and the Ceramic Matrix in SiCN Fibers..........................................................................................35 Octavio-Jun Flores Urushima, University of Bayreuth, Ceramic Materials Engineering (CME), Bayreuth (GER); Dietmar Koch, University of Bremen, Advanced Ceramics, Bremen (GER); Walter Krenkel, Günter Motz, University of Bayreuth, Ceramic Materials Engineering (CME), Bayreuth (GER) Glass Fiber Statistical Strength Distribution: Correlation between Mechanical Parameters and Microstructural Observations................................41 G. Foray, A. Descamps-Mandine, M. R’Mili, Université de Lyon, INSA-Lyon, MATEIS, Villeurbanne (F) A Family of Prediction Tools for Fine Ceramic Fibers Subcritical Cracking…........................................................................................47 Martin Genet, Pierre Ladevèze, LMT-Cachan, Cachan (F)

Preforming Technologies for Composites with Non-Polymeric Matrices............53 Adam Kot, Steffen Janetzko, Britta Kuckhoff, Thomas Gries, Institut für Textiltechnik Faserverbundwerkstoffe, Aachen (GER) A Study of the Sintering of β-Silicon Carbide Nanoparticles..............................59 A. Malinge, R. Pailler, Y. Le Petitcorps, University of Bordeaux, LCTS, Pessac (F); A. Coupé, H. Maskrot, DEN/DMN/SRMA/LTMEx, Gif-sur-Yvette (F) Delayed Failure of Nicalon NLM 207, Tyranno ZMI, Lox-M and Grade S Tows in Air at Intermediate Temperature (450-850 °C)........................65 S. Mazerat, J. Lamon, LCTS, Mechanic, Pessac (F); R. Pailler, University of Bordeaux, LCTS, Pessac (F) Roles of Moisture and Oxygen in Oxidation Mechanisms of Silicon Carbide Fibers........................................................................................72 Francis Rebillat, Alain Guette, University Bordeaux 1, LCTS, Pessac (F); Sophie Le Gallet, University Bourgogne, Reactivite des Solides, Dijon (F); Caroline Louchet-Pouillerie, Snecma Propulsion Solide, Le Haillan (F) Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) of Alumina onto Carbon Fibers: Oxidation Barrier Coating...................................................................................78 Amit K. Roy, Wolfgang Boumann, Igor König, Werner A. Goedel, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Chemnitz (GER); Steffen Schulze, Michael Hietschold, Chemnitz University of Technology, Physics, Solid Surfaces Analysis Group, Chemnitz (GER); Thomas Mäder, Daisy Nestler, Bernhard Wielage, Chemnitz University of Technology, Institute of Material Science and Engineering, Chemnitz (GER) 1.2 Processing of CMCs Development of SiCf/SiC Composite by CVI with Whisker.................................85 Ji Yeon Park, Seok Min Kang, Weon Ju Kim, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Nuclear Materials Research, Daejeon (KOR)

Development, Manufacture and Characterization of C/C-SiC Components based on Filament Winding..........................................................92 Martin Frieß, Matthias Scheiffele, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Structures and Design, Stuttgart (GER); Wolfgang Zankl, Best Composites, Friedrichshafen (GER); Frank Hofmann, Wehrwissenschaftliches Institut für Werk- und Betriebsstoffe (WIWeB), Erding (GER) SHS of Functional Ceramics in the Ti-Ni-Al-NiO System...................................99 O. K. Kamynina, S. G. Vadchenko, A. E. Sytschev, Russian Academy of Sciences, ISMAN, Chernogolovka (RUS) Fabrication and Properties of SiBNC/SiC Composites.....................................106 Enrico Klatt, Bernhard Heidenreich, Jens Schmidt, Heinz Voggenreiter, German Aerospace Centre, Institute of Structures and Design, Stuttgart (GER) Fast Siliconization of C/C-Preforms via LSI.....................................................113 A. Konschak, R. Schulte, Fraunhofer ISC, Project Group Ceramic Composites, Bayreuth (GER); J. Hennicke, H. U. Kessel, FCT Systeme GmbH, Rauenstein (GER); W.Krenkel, University of Bayreuth (GER) Manufacturing of CMCs by Active Filler Technique Followed by PIP Process ................................................................................................119 S. Le Ber, R. Pailler, L. Maillé, M. A. Dourges, LCTS, Pessac (F) An Accurate Approach of the Nitridation Process of TiSi2 Powder...................126 Laurence Maille, Francis Rebillat, Simon Le Ber, Marie-Anne Dourges, Patrick Weisbecker, Christine Picard, René Pailler, University Bordeaux 1, LCTS, Pessac (F) Rapid Pyrolysis of CFRP Using Microwaves for the Production of C-SiC Composite.......................................................................132 Ho-Seon Park, Chair of Materials Processing, Department of Applied Natural Science, Bayreuth; Monika Willert-Porada, Walter Krenkel, Ceramic Materials Engineering, Uni-Bayreuth, Department of Applied Natural Science, Bayreuth (GER)

Synthesis of Nanosized Powder of Yttrium-Aluminum Garnet (YAG) and its Application in the Production of SiC/Y3Al5O12 Composite........................................................................................................138 E.P. Simonenko, V.G. Sevastyanov, N.T. Kuznetsov, N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, RAS, Moscow (RUS); N.P. Simonenko, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State Academy of Fine Chemical Technology, Moscow (RUS); Microstructure Changes Caused by the Interaction of Fiber-Matrix During the Carbonization.............................................................143 J. Sha, Dalian University of Technology, State key laboratory of structural analyses for industrial equipment, Dalian (CHN); J. M. Hausherr, H. Mucha, A. Konschak, W. Krenkel, University of Bayreuth, Ceramic Materials Engineering, Bayreuth (GER) Nucleation and Control Growth of SiC Particles Using Chemical Vapor Deposition..............................................................................149 Simon Thibaud, René Pailler, LCTS UMR 5801, Gironde, Pessac (F); Jacques Lamon, INSA, Lyon (F) Synthesis of TiC Matrix Composites from Ti-C-N System by Reactive Arc-Melting Method.......................................................................155 Hiroshi Tsuda, Toshiyuki Matsui, Hiroshia Mabuchi-Nakatani, Osaka Prefecture University, Graduate School of Engineering, Sakai (J) 1.3 Modeling and Simulation Nonlinear Dynamics in the Friction Interfaces of Brakes..................................164 G.-P. Ostermeyer, Institute of Dynamics and Vibrations, Technische Universität Braunschweig (GER) Numerical and Experimental Real Defect Analysis for C/C-SiC under Bending Load.........................................................................................173 Severin Hofmann, Sandrine Denis, Harald Kraft, Raouf Jemmali, Thomas Ullmann, Heinz Voggenreiter, Institute of Structures and Design, German Aerospace Center, Stuttgart (GER)

Numerical Simulation of the Stress-Strain Situation in Hybrid Ceramic-Metal Tubes.......................................................................................179 Karl Maile, Materialprüfungsanstalt Universität Stuttgart, Materials Behaviour, Stuttgart (GER); Min Huang, Karl Berreth, Andreas Klenk, Materialprüfungsanstalt Universität Stuttgart, Multifunctional Materials, Stuttgart (GER); Eberhard Roos, Materialprüfungsanstalt Universität Stuttgart, IMWF, Stuttgart (GER) Lifetime Prediction with Acoustic Emission During Static Fatigue Tests on Ceramic Matrix Composite at High Temperature Under Air..............................187 Emmanuel Maillet, Nathalie Godin, Mohamed R’Mili, Pascal Reynaud, Gilbert Fantozzi, INSA Lyon, Laboratoire MATEIS, Villeurbanne (F); Gaelle Fayolle, Snecma Propulsion Solide, Le Haillan (F) Prediction of the Lifetime of Self-Healing Ceramic Matrix Composites: Applications to Structural Computations..........................................................194 Lionel Marcin, Emmanuel Baranger, Pierre Ladevèze, Martin Genet, LMT Cahcan, Structures and Systems, Cachan (F); Laurent Baroumes, Snecma Propulsion Solide, Le Haillan (F) Oxidation of SiC/SiC Composites in Gas Fast Reactors in Operating Conditions: Thermodynamic and Experimental Approaches............................203 Nicolas Hun, Laurent Brissonneau, Francis Rebillat, CEA Cadarache, DTN/STPA/LPC, Saint Paul lez Durance (F) On the Tribology of Vehicle Brake Systems with CMC Discs: Impact of CMC Material Properties on Friction Layer Dynamics......................213 Georg Ostermeyer, Kai Bode, Institute of Dynamics and Vibrations, Technische Universität Braunschweig (GER) Simplified Theoretical Analysis of Short Fibers in Porous Ceramic Matrix.................................................................................................222 J. G. P. da Silva, H. A. Al-Qureshi, D. Hotza, UFSC - Federal University of Santa Catarina, Mechanical Engineering Dept - Cermat, Florianópolis (BR)

Elastic Properties of the Metal-Ceramic Composites: Micromechanical Estimation and Microstructure Optimization.........................228 Yuriy Sinchuk, Romana Piat, Manishkumar Vasoya, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Karlsruhe (GER) Toward a Virtual CMCs Yarn............................................................................234 Bastien Tranquart, Pierre Ladevèze, Emmanuel Baranger, Laboratoire de Mecanique et Technologie de Cachan, Cachan (F); Anne Mouret, Snecma Propulsion Solid, Le Haillan (F) 1.4 Microstructure/Properties Relationship Development of SiC-Based CMCs for Application in Different Fields...............244 Zhen Wang, Shaoming Dong, Haijun Zhou, Le Gao, Yusheng Ding, Xiangyu Zhang, Ping He, Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Structural Ceramics and Composite Engineering Research Center, Shanghai (CHN); Tian Ma, The Quartermaster Research Institute of the General Logistics Department of the PLA, Beijing (CHN) Stress, Matrix Cracking, Temperature, Environment, and Life of SiC/SiC Woven Composites...........................................................251 Gregory Morscher, University of Akron, Mechanical Engineering, Akron (USA) Microstructural and Strength Stability of MI SiC/SiC Composites in a Moisture Environment...................................................................................261 Dennis Fox, NASA Glenn Research Center, MS 106-1, Ceramics Branch, Cleveland (USA); Ramakrishna Bhatt, Vehicle Technology Directorate, US Army Research Laboratory, Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland (USA) Synthesis of Ti-Al Materials by Thermal Explosion .........................................269 O.D. Boyarchenko, O.K. Kamynina, A.E. Sytschev, S.G. Vadchenko, L.M. Umarov, Russian Academy of Sciences, ISMAN, Chernogolovka (RUS); E. Gutmanas, Technion, Faculty of Materials Engineering, Haifa (IL) Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of C/C-SiC Composite Plates by Wet Filament Winding Technique...................................276 Fabian Breede, Enrico Klatt, Martin Frieß, Heinz Voggenreiter, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Structures and Design, Stuttgart (GER)

Abrasive Wear of Composite SiC-Si-Ceramics................................................283 A.P. Garshin, State Polytechnical University, St. Petersburg (RUS) Correlation Between Fibre Orientation and Mechanical Properties of Short Fibre C/SiC Composites....................................................289 J. Hausherr, C. Modén, M. Krause, Universität Bayreuth, Lehrstuhl Keramische Werkstoffe, Bayreuth (GER); C. Herrmann, W. Krenkel, Fraunhofer ISC, Projektgruppe Keramische Verbundstrukturen, Bayreuth (GER) Optimization of Ceramic Matrix Composite Composition for High Temperature Lifetime Improvement in Aeronautic Applications....................................................................................296 S. Jacques, A. Griesser, CNRS, LCTS, Pessac (F); F. Rebillat, University of Bordeaux 1, LCTS, Talence (F) Microstructure and Process Condition for the Best Mechanical Performances of PIP-SiC/SiC Composites...................................302 Masaki Kotani, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Aerospace Research and Development Directorate, Mitaka, Tokyo (J) Understanding the Development of the Microstructure Inside Cf/C-SiC Composites Manufactured by Liquid Silicon Infiltration....................................308 Andy Leatherbarrow, Houzheng Wu, Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough (GB) Fatigue Behavior of Cross-Ply C/SiC Ceramic Matrix Composites at Ambient and Elevated Temperatures........................................314 Li Longbiao, Song Yingdong, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, College of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing (CHN) Mechanical and Fatigue Evolution of CMC Under Air at Intermediate Temperatures...............................................................................320 R. Maurin, P. Reynaud, M. R’Mili, G. Fantozzi, N. Godin, INSA Lyon MATEIS, ceramique, Villeurbanne (F); G. Fayolle, Snecma Propulsion Solide, Le Haillan (F)

Microstructure and High Temperature Mechanical Properties of Directionally Solidified Al2O3/Er3Al5O12 Eutectic Ceramics............................326 M. C. Mesa, P. B. Oliete, V. M. Orera, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, Materiales de interés Tecnológico, Zaragoza (E); J. Y. Pastor, A. Martín, J. Llorca, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, Madrid (E) Mechanical Properties and Ablation Behavior of SiC Fiber / Carbon Matrix Composites....................................................................336 Toshio Ogasawara, Takuya Aoki, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Advanced Composites Center, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo (J) Notch Sensitivity of CMC During Creep and Tensile Tests at Intermediate Temperature...................................................................346 M. Picard, P. Reynaud, M. R’Mili, G. Fantozzi, N. Godin, INSA, MATEIS, Villeurbanne (F); P. Diss, Snecma Propulsion Solide, Le Haillan cedex (F) Investigation of Damping Properties and Failure Behavior of Ceramic Matrix Composites Fabricated by the Liquid Silicon Infiltration Process.....................352 Kristina Roder, Bernhard Wielage, Daisy Nestler, Chemnitz University of Technology, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemnitz (GER) Effect of Steam Environment on Fatigue Behavior of an Advanced SiC/SiC Ceramic Matrix Composite at 1200 °C..............................358 M. B. Ruggles-Wrenn, D. T. Christensen, Air Force Institute of Technology, Aeronautics & Astronautics, WPAFB OH (USA); A. Chamberlain, J. Lane, T. Cook, Rolls-Royce Corporation, Indianapolis (USA) Computed Tomography for Non-Destructive Evaluation of CMC Structure Components............................................................................365 Thomas Ullmann, Raouf Jemmali, Severin Hofmann, Thomas Reimer, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Ceramic Composite Structures, NDE working group, Stuttgart (GER) Friction Surface on Carbon-Fiber Reinforced Carbon-Silicon Carbide (Cf/C-SiC).........................................................................................................371 Houzheng Wu, Yuan Wang, Loughborough University, Department of Materials, Loughborough (GB)

Overload and Environmental Effects on Fatigue Durability of a Melt Infiltrated SIC/SIC Composite................................................................378 Larry Zawada, Reji John, Ted T. Kim, USAF, AFRL/RXLN, Wright-Patterson AFB (USA) Brazing of C/SiC to Niobium Alloy C103 Using Cu-Based Brazing Fillers..................................................................................385 Xiangyu Zhang, Shaoming Dong, Le Gao, Yusheng Ding, Ping He, Zhen Wang, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Structural Ceramics, Shanghai (CHN) Influence of Fibre Length on Mechanical Properties of Fabric Reinforced C/C-SiC...............................................................................391 Christian Zuber, Thomas Reimer, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Structures and Design, Stuttgart (GER) 1.5 Oxide Fiber Composites (OFC) Reaction Formed Alumina-Alumina FRCMC....................................................398 Rolf Janssen, TU Hamburg-Harburg, Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg (GER) Effect of Microstructure on Hardness & Fracture Toughness of MWCNT/Alumina Nanocomposites..................................................................405 Probal Das, Soumya Sarkar, Sandip Bysakh, Ashoke Mandal, Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Non-oxide Ceramic and Composite Division, Kolkata (IND) Manufacture and Characterization of OXIPOL Based on Different Oxide Fibers.......................................................................................414 Sandrine Denis, Martin Frieß, Enrico Klatt, Bernhard Heidenreich, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Structures and Design, Stuttgart (GER) A Prepreg-Approach for Low Cost Oxide-Oxide Composites...........................420 Paula O. Guglielmi, Rolf Janssen, TU Hamburg-Harburg, Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg (GER), Gabriel F. Nunes, Dachamir Hotza, Universidad de Santa Catarina, Department Chemical Engineering, Florianoplois (BR)

Creep Behavior of Oxide CMC Based on Polymer (OXIPOL)..........................428 Enrico Klatt, Stefan Hackemann, Markus Kuhn, Martin Friess, German Aerospace Centre, Institute of Structures and Design, Stuttgart (GER); Heinz Voggenreiter, German Aerospace Centre, Materials Research Institute, Cologne (GER) Development of a New Oxide Ceramic Matrix Composite...............................435 Thays Machry, EADS, Innovation Works, Ottobrunn (GER); Dietmar Koch, Advanced Ceramics - Universität Bremen, Bremen (GER); Christian Wilhelmi, EADS, Innovation Works, Ottobrunn (GER) Mechanical Properties of Directionally Solidified Al2O3/Er3Al5O12/ZrO2 Eutectic Ceramics up to 1900 K......................................446 M. C. Mesa, P. B. Oliete, A. Larrea, V. M. Orera, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, Materiales de interés Tecnológico, Zaragoza (E); J. Y. Pastor, A. Martín, J. Llorca, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, Madrid (E) Optimal SiC Particle Size for Self-Healing in Alumina-SiC Composite.............455 Wataru Nakao, Yokohama National University, Yokohama (J) High Temperature Creep Behavior of Oxide/Oxide Ceramic Matrix Composites with Recrystallized Fibers...................................461 A. Neubrand, B.Thielicke, Fraunhofer IWM, Verbundwerkstoffe, Freiburg (GER); D. Sporn, Fraunhofer ISC, Würzburg (GER); A. Krell, Fraunhofer IKTS, Dresden (GER) Comparison of Oxide/Oxide Ceramic Matrix Composites Based on Either Woven Fabric or Bi-Directional Laminates.............................467 Walter Pritzkow, Pritzkow Spezialkeramik, Stuttgart (GER); Thomas Krause, Kamen Tushtev, Dietmar Koch, University of Bremen, Advanced Ceramics Group, Bremen (GER) Microstructural Modeling of WHIPOX® Oxide/Oxide CMC..............................473 Henning Richter, Marion Bartsch, Martin Schmücker, German Aerospace Center, Institute of Materials Research, Cologne (GER)

Novel Processing of Porous Oxide Ceramic Matrix Composites.....................479 Thomas Wamser, Sven Scheler, Jürgen Lehmann, Walter Krenkel, Universität Bayreuth, Lehrstuhl Keramische Werkstoffe, Bayreuth (GER) Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of Three-Dimensional Al2O3/YAG Composite Using Hollow Spherical Al2O3 Powder Prepared by Spray Pyrolysis Method...............................................................485 Katsumi Yoshida, Masamitsu Imai, Toyohiko Yano, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Research Laboratory for Nuclear Reactors, Tokyo (J); Akihiko Kawasumi, Kazuaki Hashimoto, Yoshitomo Toda, Chiba Institute of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba (J) Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Al2O3/YAG Composite Using Porous Al2O3 Ceramics Prepared by α Al2O3 Powder and Their Mechanical Properties.........................................................492 Katsumi Yoshida, Masamitsu Imai, Toyohiko Yano, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Research Laboratory for Nuclear Reactors, Tokyo (J); Akihiko Kawasumi, Kazuaki Hashimoto, Yoshitomo Toda, Chiba Institute of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba (J) 1.6 Applications of CMCs Ceramic Composites for Aerospace Application..............................................499 Karin E. Handrick, Harald Lange, Martin Leuchs, Armin Steinacher, Stefan Weiland, MT Aerospace AG, Augsburg (GER) C/C-SiC Telescope Structure for the Laser Communication Terminal in TerraSAR-X....................................................................................505 Bernhard Heidenreich, Matthias Scheiffele, DLR, Institute of Structures and Design, Ceramic Composite Structures, Stuttgart (GER); Marco Tausendfreund, Hans-Ulrich Wieland, Carl Zeiss Optronics GmbH, Oberkochen (GER) Recent Accomplishments in NITE-SiC/SiC Component R & Ds for Energy/Environmental Application..............................513 Akira Kohyama, Yutaka Kohno, Hirotatsu Kishimoto, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran, Hokkaido (J); Joon Soo Park,Hong Che Jung, Co. Ltd. Institute of Energy Science and Technology, Tokyo (J)

Impact Behavior of a SiC/SiC Composite at an Elevated Temperature…........519 Michael Verrilli, Sheena Foster, Jessica Subit, GE Aviation, Materials and Processing Engineering, Cincinnati (USA) Development of Hybrid CMC Forming Dies for High Temperature Precision Forging of Titanium Aluminide Based Alloys.....................................531 Werner Hufenbach, Thomas Behnisch, Heiko Richter, Albert Langkamp, Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Lightweight Engineering and Polymer Technology, Dresden (GER); Peter Janschek, Knut BauerPartenheimer, Leistritz Turbinenkomponenten Remscheid GmbH, Remscheid (GER); Felix Turley, Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd. & Co. KG, BlankenfeldeMahlow (GER) Mechanical and Thermal Qualification of the Expert Capsule Nose and Flaps….............................................................................................537 F. Erba, J. Gavira, A. C. Thirkettle, S. Langlois, S. Kiryenko, ESTEC/ESA, TEC-MSS, Noordwijk (NL); A.Steinacher, MT-Aerospace, Augsburg (GER); F. Fossati, G. Passarelli, TAS-I Thales Alenia Space, Torino (I); T. Reimer, DLR Institute of Structures and Design, Stuttgart (GER); A. Vigliotti, CIRA Centro Italiano Ricerche Aerospaziali, Capua (I) Thermo-Mechanical Design of the ASTRIUM C/SiC Experiment on SHEFEX II…................................................................................ 543 Ralf Knoche, Sylvain Goek, Erich Werth, Markus Weth, ASTRIUM GmbH Space Transportation, Bremen (GER) The Effect of Additives on CMC Friction Pads at Elevated Temperatures........553 Nico Langhof, Herbert Mucha, Walter Krenkel, Universität Bayreuth, Lehrstuhl Keramische Werkstoffe, Bayreuth (GER) Development of a CMC Turbine Vane..............................................................559 Takeshi Nakamura, Hiroshige Murata, IHI Corporation, Material Technology, Tokyo (J); Akira Takahashi, IHI Corporation, Engine Technology, Tokyo (J); Youji Okita, IHI Corporation, Advanced Technology, Tokyo (J); Kenichi Funazaki, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iwate University, Iwate (J) Development of Highly Porous SiC Based CMCs for Solar Absorber Structures................................................................................566 Jens Schmidt, Martin Frieß, Peter Schwarzbözl, German Aerospace Center, Solar Research, Cologne (GER)

Design of Hybrid Ceramic-Metal Tubes............................................................572 Carolin Spatz, Jakob Wölling, Fraunhofer ISC, Project Group Ceramic Composites, Bayreuth (GER); Walter Krenkel, University of Bayreuth, Ceramic Materials Engineering, Bayreuth (GER) Chapter 2 Carbon/Carbon Composites Tensile Strength and Tensile Fracture Mechanism of Carbon/Carbon Composites.............................................................................580 Hiroshi Hatta, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, The Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Sagamihara-shi (J) Micromechanical Modeling of CFCs Using Different Pore Approximations........................................................................................590 Romana Piat, Stefan Dietrich, Jörg-Martin Gebert, Galyna Stasiuk, Kay Weidenmann, Alexander Wanner, Thomas Böhlke, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Karlsruhe (GER); Boris Drach, Igor Tsukrov, University of New Hampshire, Mechanical Engineering, Durham (USA); Arie Bussiba, Nuclear Research Centre, Negev (IL) Modeling Chemical Vapor Infiltration in C/C Composites: Numerical Tools Based on μ-CT Images..........................................................598 G. L. Vignoles, O. Coindreau, I. Szelengowicz, C. Mulat, Université Bordeaux 1, LCTS, Pessac (F); W. Ros, Université Bordeaux 2, LCTS, Pessac (F); C. Germain, M. Donias, University Bordeaux, IMS, Bordeaux (F) Oxidation Behavior of ZrB2/SiC-coated Carbon-Carbon Composites in dry Air and Water Vapor............................................................607 Takuya Aoki, Toshio Ogasawara, Tetsuya Morimoto; Yosuke Nagao, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Advanced Composite Group, Aerospace Research and Development Directorate, Tokyo (J); Ken Goto, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Department of Space Structure and Materials, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Kanagawa (J) Development of Cf/C Composites by CVI Technology: Validation of Process Codes.............................................................................617 F. Burgio, M. Labanti, M. Scafè, S. Sangiorgi, A. Brentari, ENEA - Faenza Research Centre, MATING, Faenza (I); L. Pilloni, ENEA - Casaccia Research Centre, MATTEC, S.Maria di Galeria, Rome (I)

Synthesis under Moderate Pressures of High Density Carbon/Carbon Containing a Hybrid Matrix.....................................................627 M.-A. Dourges, A.Dekeyrel, P. Weisbecker, R. Pailler, University Bordeaux 1, LCTS, Pessac (F) Sol-Gel Synthesis of a TiO2 or TiN Layer on the Matrix of a Carbon/Carbon Composite...............................................................................634 F. Fontaine, R. Pailler, A. Guette, LCTS, Gironde, Pessac (F) Examination of the Non-Destructive Evaluation Using Impedance Measurement to C/C Composites.......................................640 Masashi Koyama, Toshikazu Uno, Hitoshi Saito, Hiroshi Fukudaokyo, Tokyo University of Science, Materials Science and Technology, Noda (J); Hiroshi Hatta, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Kanagawa (J) Analytical and Numerical Analysis of the Deformation Behavior of Fast Rotating C/C Composite Structures with Coupled Requirements Regarding Strength and Thermal Conductivity.........................646 Rainer Pietig, Astrid Lewalter, Philips Technologie GmbH Forschungslaboratorien, Aachen (GER); Werner Hufenbach, Daniel Weck, Heiko Richter, Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Leichtbau und Kunststofftechnik, Dresden (GER) Ultra Fast Rotating Anodes for High Power X-Ray Tubes................................652 Rainer Pietig, Martin Dürr, Astrid Lewalter, Philips Technologie GmbH Forschungslaboratorien, Aachen (GER); Christoph Bathe, Wolfgang Chrost, Mirja Michels, Philips Medical Systems DMC GmbH, Hamburg (GER); Martin Henrich, Roland Weiss, Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik GmbH, Heuchelheim (GER); Dirk Feltin, Sven Preussler, Hightex Verstärkungsstrukturen GmbH, Klipphausen (GER); Daniel Ackermann, Götz Matthäus, Thermico GmbH & Co. KG, Dortmund (GER); Werner Hufenbach, Heiko Richter, Daniel Weck, Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Leichtbau und Kunststofftechnik, Dresden (GER); Heiko Gruner, Jan Moens, Medicoat AG, Mägenwil (GER); Jochen Linke, Gerald Pintsuk, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institut für Energieforschung, Jülich (GER); Kirsten Bobzin, Thomas Schläfer, Thomas Warda, Lidong Zhao, RWTH Aachen, Institut für Oberflächentechnik im Maschinenbau, Aachen (GER)

Effect of Densification Parameters on the Structure and Properties of Two Dimensional Carbon- Carbon Composites..........................658 Farhad Golestani Fard, Iran University of Science and Technology, S chool of Materials, Ceramic Department, Tehran (IR); Arman Sedghi, Imam Khomeini International University, Department of Materials Engineering, Nowroozian, Qazvin (IR) Chapter 3 Polymer Derived Ceramics Mesoporous Silicon Carbide Materials – A New High Temperature Stable Catalyst Support..............................................................668 Lars Borchardt, Stefan Kaskel, Technische Universität, Inorganic Chemistry, Dresden (GER); Emanuel Kockrick, Universite Lyon, Lyon (F); Piotr Krawiec, Technology Associate BP International, Saltend, Hull (GB) Porous Si3N4/SiCN Materials Based on Preceramic Polymers and Ceramic Powder.............................................................................................................675 U.Degenhardt, W. Krenkel, G. Motz, Universität Bayreuth, Lehrstuhl Keramische Werkstoffe, Bayreuth (GER); K. Berroth, F. Stegner, FCT Ingenieurkeramik GmbH, Rauenstein (GER); W. Harrer, R. Danzer, Department of Structural and Functional Ceramics (ISFK), University of Mining Leoben (AUT) Polysilazane-Based Composite Coatings on Steel..........................................681 Martin Günthner, Tobias Kraus, Walter Krenkel, Günter Motz, University of Bayreuth, Ceramic Materials Engineering, Bayreuth (GER); Daniel Decker, Clariant Advanced Materials GmbH, Sulzbach (GER) Structure of Nanoporous Carbon Membranes for Gas Separation..................688 Nadine Kaltenborn, Susanne Müller, Hannes Richter, Ingolf Voigt, Hermsdorfer Institut für Technische Keramik e.V., Keramische Schichten, Hermsdorf (GER); Christos G. Aneziris, Department of Ceramic, Glass and Construction Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg (GER) Cf/SiCm CMC - SiC Foam Sandwich Preparation and Characterization...........694 Alberto Ortona, Simone Pusterla, SUPSI, ICIMSI, Manno (CH); Sandro Gianella, Erbicol SA, Balerna (CH)

Qualitative and Quantitative Studies of Polysiloxanes Thermal Degradation........................................................................................706 M. Pourny, M.-A. Dourges, R. Pailler, Université de Bordeaux, Laboratory for ThermoStructural Composites (LCTS), UMR 5801: CNRS-SPS-CEA-UB1, Domaine universitaire, LCTS, Pessac (F); S. Fouquet, N. Eberling-Fux, Snecma Propulsion Solide, Groupe SAFRAN, Le Haillan (F) Phenylborosiloxane-Derived Ceramic Matrix Composites...............................712 Krishnannair Jayakumari Sreejith, Shanmugham Packirisamy, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, CMPD/PSCG/PCM, Trivandrum (IND) The Atomic Scale Structure of Polymer-Derived SixC1-x Amorphous Ceramics by High-Energy X-Ray Diffraction and Reverse Monte Carlo Modeling........................................................................719 Kentaro Suzuya, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), J-PARC Center, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki (J); Shinji Kohara, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Koto, Sayo, Hyogo (J); Kiyohito Okamura, Japan UltraHigh Temperature Research Institute (JUTEM), Ube, Yamaguchi (J); Hiroshi Ichikawa, Nippon Carbon Co., Ltd., Chuo-ku, Tokyo (J); Kenji Suzuki, Advanced Institute of Materials Science (AIMES), Sendai, Miyagi (J) Preceramic Polymer-Derived C/C-SiC and C/C-SiBCO Composites for High Temperature Applications....................................................................724 B. Swaminathan, A. Painuly, S. K. Manwatkar, S. Packirisamy, ANIL Painuly, Sushant K. Manwatkar, VSSC, Cermic Matrix Product Division, Thiruvananthapuram (IND) Chapter 4 Thermal and Environmental Barrier Coatings Comparison of Water Vapour Corrosion Behavior of Plasma Sprayed Mullite and Zircon Based Environmental Barrier Coatings (EBCs)...................................................................................732 Ekrem Altuncu, Garip Erdogan, Fatih Ustel, Ahmet Turk, Sakarya University, Metallurgy and Materials Science Department, Sakarya (TR)

Accurate Quantitative Evaluation of Active Oxidation Rate of SiC under Elevated Temperature.....................................................................743 Yuuki Kubota, Tokyou University of Science, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Noda (J); Toshinari Yoshinaka, Hiroshi Hatta, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Sagamihara (J); Takashi Goto, Yasuo Kogo, Tokyou University of Science, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Noda (J) The Use of Yttrium Silicates as Environmental Barrier Coatings: An Overall Method to Evaluate their Capabilities of Protection........................754 Francis Rebillat, Emilie Courcot, University Bordeaux 1, Laboratoire des Composites Thermostructuraux, Pessac (F) Synthesis of Superfine Gd2Hf2O7 and Study of its Vaporization.......................761 E. P. Simonenko, V. G. Sevastyanov, N. P. Simonenko, N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, RAS, Moscow (RUS); Yu. S. Ezhov, Chemical Department, Saint Petersburg State University, Moscow (RUS); V. L. Stolyarova, S. I. Lopatin, Chemical Department, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg (RUS); N. T. Kuznetsov, N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, RAS, Moscow (RUS) Passive Oxidation and Oxidation Transition of CVD-SiC under High Temperatures...................................................................................................767 Toshinari Yoshinaka, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Aerospace Research and Development Directorate, Tsukuba (J); Yuuki Kubota, Tokyo University of Science, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Noda (J); Hiroshi Hatta, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Sagamihara (J); Takashi Goto, Tohoku University, Institut for Material Research, Sendai (J) The Oxidation Behavior of ZrB2-SiC Coating on C/C Composites from 800 °C to 1400 °C................................................................... 779 Haijun Zhou, Ping He, Le Gao, Shaoming Dong, Jinshan Yang, Qinggang Li, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Structural Ceramics and Composites Engineering Research Center, Shanghai (CHN); Tian Ma, Quartermaster Research Institute of the General Logistics Department of the PLA, Beijing (CHN)

Chapter 5 MAX-Phases Evolution of Ti3SiC2 under Ion Irradiation..........................................................789 Marion le Flem, Xingmin Liu, Théodore Cozzika, Sylvie Doriot, Fabien Onimus, CEA Saclay, DEN/DMN/SRMA, Gif-sur-Yvette (F); Isabelle Monnet, Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les Matériaux et la Photonique, CEA/IRAMIS/CIMAP, CAEN (F) Evaluation of Ti3SiC2 Coatings Deposited by HTCVD from Methyltrichlorosilane and Titanium Tetrachloride..............................................799 S. Luca, R. Martin, P. O. Robert, D. Pique, ACERDE, Crolles (F); Magali Morais, E.Blanquet, M. Pons, Grenoble INP-CNRS-UJF, SIMaP, Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux et des Procédés, St Martin D´Heres (F) Characterization of Ultra-high Temperature Ablation of Ti2AlC Ceramics under Oxyacetylene Flame..............................................................806 G.-M. Song, S. B. Li, C. X. Zhao, W. G. Sloof, Delft University of Technology, Materials Sci & Engineering, Delft (NL); S. van der Zwaag, Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Aerospace, Delft (NL); Y. T. Pei, J. Th. M. De Hosson, University of Groningen, Applied physics, Groningen (NL) Fabrication and Properties of Cf/SiC-Ti3SiC2 Composites from a Polymer Route by In-situ Reaction...................................................................812 Jinshan Yang, Xiangyu Zhang, Zhen Wang, Qinggang Li, Bin Wu, Shaoming Dong, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Structural Ceramics and Composites Engineering Research Center, Shanghai (CHN) Chapter 6 Ultra High Temperature Ceramics Ultra High Temperature Ceramics: Issues and Prospects................................819 Sylvia M. Johnson, Matthew J. Gasch, Thomas H. Squire, John W. Lawson, NASA-Ames Research Center Entry Systems and Technology Division, Moffett Field (USA); Michael Gusmann, Margaret Stackpoole, ELORET Corporation, Sunnyvale (USA) ZrB2-based Ceramic Composites Reinforced with SiC Short Fibers or Whiskers............................................................................................832 A. Bellosi, D. Sciti, L. Silvestroni, S. Guicciardi, ISTEC-CNR, Faenza (I)

Oxidation Tests, in a Solar Furnace above 2300 K in Air, on ZrB2-SiC Materials.......................................................................................840 Anne-Sophie Andréani, Francis Rebillat, University Bordeaux 1, Laboratoire des Composites Thermostructuraux, Pessac (F); Angéline Poulon, University Bordeaux 1, Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux, Pessac (F) Oxidization Characterization of Hafnium-Based Ceramics Fabricated by Hot Pressing and Electric Field-Assisted Sintering.....................................846 Matthew Gasch, Sylvia M. Johnson, NASA Ames Research Center, Thermal Protection Branch, Moffett Field (USA); Jochen Marschall, SRI International, Mento Park (USA) Synthesis of β-SiC Nano Powder with Low Carbon Residuals by Sol Gel Processing...........................................................................................854 Abolhasan Najafi, Farhad Golestani Fard, Hamid Reza Rezaie, IUST, Material science, Tehran (IR) Experimental Results of Long Time Tests of Porous Burners with Ceramic Housing for High Temperature Application in Glass Industry...........................863 Vojislav Jovicic, Sabine Ausmeier, Carmen Schmidt, Antonio Delgado, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Lehrstuhls für Strömungsmechanik, Erlangen (GER); Nora Gerlach, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Institut für Keramik, Glas- und Baustofftechnik, Freiberg (GER) Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Titanium, Zirconium and Hafnium Carbides via Sol-Gel Technique.......................................................................869 N. A. Ignatov, E. P. Simonenko, IGIC RAS, Sector of sensor materials, Moscow (RUS); Yu.S. Ezhov, IHED, IVTAN Association, RAS, Moscow (RUS); V. G. Sevastyanov, N. T. Kuznetsov, IGIC RAS, Sector of sensor materials, Moscow (RUS) Influence of Oxide Additives and Starting Particle Size of SiC on Densification and Mechanical Properties of Hot-pressed SiC..........................875 Yoshihiro Hirata, Naoki Matsunaga, Soichiro Sameshima, Jiang Gan Wen, Kagoshima University, Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Chemical Engineering, Kagoshima (J)

Determination of Particle Size and Microstrain of Mechanically Activated Nanostructured Ti +BN Mixtures.......................................................881 N. F. Shkodich, A. S. Rogachev, S.G. Vadchenko, O. Boyarchenko, ISMAN, RAS, Chernogolovka (RUS); Reinhard Neder, Andreas Magerl, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Crystallography and Structural Physics, Erlangen (GER) Hafnium Carbide Deposition on Silicon Carbide Substrates............................888 Olivier Szwedek, Alexandre Allemand, Yann Le Petitcorps, Georges Chollon, LCTS, Composite, Pessac (F); Nicolas Teneze, Patrick David, CEA Le Ripault, Monts (F) List of Authors...................................................................................................895 List of Keywords...............................................................................................905

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