Nov 3, 2014 - Russian Federation, 2Novosibirsk University, Novosibirsk, Russian. Federation, 3 Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals,. Novosibirsk ...
A bstracts
MONDAY • November 3, 2014
International Meeting on Emerging Diseases and Surveillance 2014 20.004 Avian influenza surveillance and pathogenic potential assessment of animal influenza viruses in Russia
K. Sharshov1, M. Sivay1, A. Glushchenko1, O. Kurskaya 1, M. Gulyaeva2, A. Alekseev1, A. Yurlov3, A. Shestopalov1 1 Research Center of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 2Novosibirsk University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 3 Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation Purpose: Recent outbreaks of an avian-origin H5N8, H6N1, H7N9 influenza virus raise concern of the emergence of novel reassortant viruses in Eurasia and the potential threat to the human population. Avian influenza virus (AIV) surveillance and pathogenecity assesment are important tasks prior the fundamental study and using these data in practice. The study was aimed for collecting specific data on different AIV distribution and biodiversity, comparing to the data from other part of the world and filling the gap in Global Influenza Surveillance Network in Russia. Methods & Materials: The specimens were tested for AIV by standard methods. AIVs were isolated and studied by standard virological and molecular-biological methods according to WHO and OIE manuals. Cell cultures and mice model were used. Results: The report focuses on some epidemiological, pathogenic and evolutionary aspects of AIVs including H5N1 isolated in Northern Eurasia, russia in the last decade. During surveillance for AIV in Northern Eurasia (Russia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan) more than 10000 samples from wild birds were collected. More than 300 AIVs were isolated and 25 different subtypes were detected. All the isolated viruses belong to low pathogenic except the H5N1 virus. Moreover, we isolated some rare subtypes including H1N2, H8N8, H13N8, H10N7, H15N4, H16N3, LPAI H5N1. Some of them have not been detected in Russia earlier or elsewhere (according to databases). The biological properties of these viruses were studied. Phylogenetic analysis of different genes shows close relationship of Russian viruses with strains from different European, African, Asian countries and from Australia. We found some reassortment events between animal viruses; evolutionary trends are discussed. The report contains more detailed comparative virological, molecular, pathogenic characteristics of viruses. Some molecularepidemiological aspects are discussed. Conclusion: We showed circulation of different AIV including HPAI H5N1 among wild birds and mammals in the natural ecosystems of Northern Eurasia. Our study confirms the significant role of AIV surveillance in Russia for the Global Influenza Surveillance Network. The results demonstrate the need for ongoing surveillance to detect new pathogenic variants of animal influenza viruses. We suggest increasing efforts of AIV surveillance in discovered “hotspots” in Northern Eurasia.
20.005 Understanding the epidemiology of H5N1 and
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MONDAY
T. L. PHam Department of Animal Health, Hanoi, Viet Nam
Purpose: To understand avian influenza (AI) in wild birds as well as in domestic birds in backyard farms and live-poultry markets (LPMs) located surrounding the wild bird’s sanctuaries in Viet Nam, DAH with the support from the OIE/Japan Trust Fund Project on Strengthening HPAI Control in Asia conducted a surveillance programme for AI from March, 2009 to October, 2012. Methods & Materials: In total, 583 wild birds classified in 95 different species, 203 environmental specimens and 5,025 poultry (including 3,697 ducks, 933 Muscovy ducks, 8 geese and 387 chickens) surrounding the wild bird’s sanctuary areas in three Southern provinces and one Northern province of Viet Nam were examined on AI viruses (AIV). At the same time of sampling, a survey of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) with 215 questionnaires was undertaken to 110 backyard farm owners and 105 vendors of the LPMs. The samples were tested by Real-time RT-PCR in Viet Nam then were analyzed in depth at OIE Reference Laboratory for HPAI in Japan, Hokkaido University. Data were entered into an Excel-database at DAH and were imported into SPSS 11.5 software for statistical analysis and descriptions. ArcGIS 9.3 and spatial database of Viet Nam were used for mapping. Results: The results showed that there was not any AIV detected in all wild birds sampled and in environmental samples, vice versus, at least 19 different sub-types of AIV including two sub-types of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 and H5N2 were identified in poultry surrounding the wild bird’s sanctuaries. Conclusion: Poor practices of poultry grazing at backyard farms, of bird trading at LPMs together with HPAI viruses circulating among poultry population would be risky to human health. Moreover, because multiple subtypes of AIV were widely circulating in LPMs and genetic reassortment is known to occur frequently in domestic ducks, there is a potential threat that novel influenza viruses may emerge. In order to break HPAI virus circulation among poultry and to progressively reduce the risk of H5N1 in Viet Nam, more and special attention to the poultry marketing systems including LPMs should be taken in consideration.
20.007 20.007 Audience segmentation as a risk
communication strategy for preventing complacency toward highly pathogenic avian influenza
J. M. Kreslake, Y. Wahyuningrum, B. Safi, M. E. Figueroa, D. Storey Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA Purpose: Risk perception (RP) and self-efficacy (SE) are predictors of behavior in pandemic outbreaks, but research on their relevance is limited in populations with routine exposure. Highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) is endemic among poultry in Indonesia and human mortality is relatively high. Previous research found paradoxical associations between these predictors and behavioral outcomes, suggesting complacency and overconfidence. This study examines differences in behaviors among population segments defined by interactions between attitudinal predictors to inform targeted risk communication. Methods & Materials: Cluster analysis was conducted on a 2009 population-based Indonesian household survey (n=2,413). Attitudinal clusters were defined by mean RP and SE scores: responsive (highRP/high-SE); proactive (low-RP/high-SE); avoidant (high-RP/low-SE); indifferent (low-RP/low-SE). Multilevel regression analyses (reference group: responsives) were used. Outcomes: risk (poultry roaming around home, mingling with livestock) and protective behaviors (soap use during food preparation, safe disposal of poultry waste, reporting poultry deaths). Predictors: attitudinal group membership, controlling for age, wealth and education (SES), knowledge, district-level interventions, and district. High-incidence districts were excluded to focus on behaviors amid H5N1 background prevalence. Results: Indifferents were the largest cluster (41.2%), followed by proactives (27.2%), avoidants (22.1%), and responsives (9.6%). Avoidants were poorer (r=-0.33, p=0.01) than the highest-SES group (responsives). Odds of poultry roaming were lower among proactives (OR:0.51, p=0.002) and indifferents (OR:0.65, p=0.04) than responsives. Compared to responsives, clusters had: greater odds of livestock mingling (proactive OR:9.55, p=0.02; avoidant OR:14.77, p=0.02; indifferent OR:6.99, p=0.04), lower odds of safe poultry waste disposal (proactive OR:0.49, p=0.03; avoidant OR:0.40, p=0.01; indifferent OR:0.50, p=0.03), lower odds of reporting (proactive OR:0.20, p=0.03; avoidant OR:0.20, p=0.03; indifferent OR:0.06, p
