Imperatives for Sustainable NgREN ICT Infrastructure

Nigeria Research and Education Network

Imperatives for Sustainable NgREN ICT Infrastructure Professor Christian A. Bolu, FNSE [email protected]

Sustainable NgREN ICT Infrastructure

AGENDA

Imperatives for Sustainable NgREN ICT Infrastructure


1. NgREN ICT Infrastructure Components 2. Sustaining ICT Infrastructure Investment 3. Funding Architecture 4. Quality of Service Management 5. Example of Sustainable ICT Infrastructure Plan

Acknowledgements 1. NgREN Research Team 2. Vice Chancellors (Serving and Past who responded to the Questionnaire) 3. ICT Directors (Serving & Past who responded to the Questionnaire)

4. University of Nigeria ICT Strategy Plan Committee 5. Federal University Oye-Ekiti ICT Policy Implementation Team 6. Network Engineers/System Administrators


Respondents by Group

Group of Respondents

No

%

Vice Chancellor (Serving & Past)

7

23%

ICT Director/Head of ICT (Serving & Past)

20

67%

Network Engineer/System Administrator

3

10%

TOTAL

30

100%


Respondents by Ownership

Respondents by Ownership

No

%

Federal University

16

53%

40

40.0%

State University

9

30%

40

22.5%

Private University

5

17%

50

10.0%

TOTAL

30

100%

130


Population

Coverage


1. NgREN ICT Infrastructure Components

1

2. Sustaining ICT Infrastructure Investment 3. Funding Architecture 4. Quality of Service Management 5. Example of Sustainable ICT Infrastructure Plan


NgREN ICT Infrastructural Elements  Active infrastructure (Area Networks hardware, Data Centre infrastructure, switches, routers, access points, network management, etc)

 Non-active infrastructure (Optical Fibre and Copper Cabling, Cabinets, racks, etc- No Power required)

 Human infrastructure (ICT Technical Staff)

 Administrative & Management Systems (University ICT Policy and Strategy, University Teaching and non-Teaching Staff)

 Collaborative Systems (national and international Research & Education Networks)

 Computing Devices (University, Staff & Student Computing Devices, e.g PCs, Laptops, iPads, etc)

 Applications (Services offered to users such as databases, virtual Libraries, repositories, etc)

 Funding Architecture (service payment system, grants and subventions)

 Power Infrastructure (renewable and non-renewable) Sustainable NgREN ICT Infrastructure

Infrastructure Order of Importance Top THREE ICT infrastructure Concerns in Nigerian Universities?

1. 2. 3.

Active Infrastructure ICT Technical Personnel ! Power Infrastructure


Infrastructure Element

No

%

Active infrastructure

26

27%

Non-active infrastructure

6

6%

Human infrastructure

21

22%

Administrative & Management Systems

11

11%

Collaborative Systems

6

6%

Computing Devices

3

3%

Applications

7

7%

Funding architecture

4

4%

Power infrastructure

13

13%

Typical Infrastructure Costing HEI Categorisation Active Internet Users Building Enclosure #

Infrastructure Elements

1 Active Infrastructure

Small Size

Medium Size

Large Size

0-5,000 Users 0-250 Hectares

5,001-15,000 Users 251-500 Hectares

>15,000 Users > 500 Hectares

Initial Annual Initial Annual Initial Annual Investment Sustenance Investment Sustenance Investment Sustenance 24,349,123

2,097,152 42,616,425

3,570,331 68,812,417

5,889,013

2 Human Infrastructure 18,316,131 19,231,938 43,690,700 45,875,235 54,014,142 56,714,849

3 Power Infrastructure 4

Non-Active Infrastructure

9,829,434

982,943 14,429,434

1,442,943 27,488,302

2,748,830

20,268,750

846,375 31,871,250

1,078,425 72,127,500

1,883,550

(Source: Bolu, C. A. 2009-2014) Sustainable NgREN ICT Infrastructure

NgREN ICT Infrastructure

NgREN ICT Infrastructure Refer to NgREN paper on

Minimum Campus Network Requirement




2



Sustaining ICT Infrastructure Siloed Structure

silo

silo

?

silo

silo

?

Disconnected Activities

Focused on technical activities or platforms Functional Alignment Worst Practice Sustainable NgREN ICT Infrastructure

Integrated Structure

Multidisciplinary Team

Coordinated Processes

Focused on outcomes and the end-user experience University Process Alignment Best Practice Oxford Challenge - Paul Jeffreys, 14 June 2005

Sustaining ICT Infrastructure Appropriateness of statements on sustaining ICT infrastructure in Nigerian Universities? Statements (order of relevance in Nigerian Universities)

No

%

 Securing funds to retain or improve ICT infrastructure functionality is the most important goal in ICT infrastructure sustainability

11

38%

 Establishing infrastructure to create and maintain linkages with national and international research and education networks is the most important element in sustaining ICT infrastructure in the 21st Century (NgREN is important at this time!)

9

31%

 Capacity building is more important than infrastructure building. A sustainable model is to build capacity in ICT

7

24%

 Acquiring modern and world class infrastructure is key to sustaining university ICT infrastructure

2

7%


Sustaining ICT infrastructure ICT Infrastructure Sustenance

SD

D

A

SA

Entry 25% 50% 75% 100% Wt Avg Rank

Establishing infrastructure to create and maintain linkages with national and international research and education networks is the most important element in sustaining ICT infrastructure in the 21st Century

29

1

2

14

12 23.75 82%

Securing funds to retain or improve ICT infrastructure functionality is the most important goal in ICT infrastructure sustainability

29

-

3

15

11

23.75 82%

Capacity building is more important than infrastructure building. A sustainable model is to build capacity in ICT

29

2

4

15

8

21.75 75%

Acquiring modern and world class infrastructure is key to sustaining university ICT infrastructure

27

2

6

12

7

19.50 72%


Sustaining ICT infrastructure Biggest Concern: Funding!

Concerns

No

%

Funding

18

51%

Technical Personnel (Engineers & Administrators)

8

23%

ICT Policy and Strategy

4

11%

Research and Education Network Collaboration (national & international)

3

9%

ICT Administrative Staff

2

6%




3



Sourcing Funds Top Two Sources of Funds for Sustainability  Grants from Owners  Subscription by Users Source of Funds

No

 Concentrate effort on levy of users (such as students, staff, visitors)

8

27%

 Concentrate efforts on securing funding from University Proprietor(s) (Federal Government, State Government or Organisation)

11

37%

 Concentrate effort on securing funds from friends of the university and public spirited organisations

2

7%

7

23%

2

7%

 Concentrate efforts on raising Internally Generated Revenue (such as ICT events and ICT consultancy)

 Create an ICT endowment fund (or part of the University Endowment Fund) Sustainable NgREN ICT Infrastructure

%

Sources of Funds to Avoid  Soft Loans from Banks  Subscription/Levy on Staff & Students

Component Student and staff subscription or levy Funding by University Proprietor (Federal Government, State

No 16 3

% 34% 6%

4 19 5

9% 40% 11%

Government or Organisation)

Grants from Donor Agencies or Philanthropists Soft Loans from Financial Institutions Internally Generated Revenues and Endowments




4



Quality of Service Most important activity to maintain or improve quality of service of an ICT infrastructure?  Training of Technical staff  Commitment of University Vice Chancellor/CEO on ICT matters

Activity

No

%

Training of Technical staff

17

57%

Training of Administrative structure

0

0%

Modernisation of ICT infrastructure

1

3%

Purchase of world-class ICT infrastructure

1

3%

11

37%

Commitment of University Vice Chancellor/CEO on ICT matters


Quality of Service Overall Good ICT Usage Experience

Entry 0% 25% 50% 75% 100%

Wt Avg

Rank

Good internet connection

30.00

-

1

1

5

23

27.50 92%

1st

Good online digital resources

30.00

-

1

4

15

10

23.50 78%

4th

Good Help and Support

30.00

-

1

6

11

12

23.50 78%

4th

Good ICT capacity building programme for users

30.00

-

-

7

9

14

24.25 81%

3rd

Consistent ICT Policy implementation

29.00

-

1

5

14

9

22.25 77%

6th

Visible University management support for ICT matters

30.00

-

1

4

8

17

25.25 84%

2nd


Infrastructure Management  The Vice Chancellor assisted by the ICT Director must be the Champion of sustainable ICT Infrastructure management.  Not Management, Senate nor Council!




5



Sustainable ICT Infrastructure Planning

Step 1: Planning Data & Assumptions


Sustainable ICT Infrastructure Planning Plan

Present (2009/2010)

Organisational Units 24.45%

Staff

2012

2014

2016

2018

2020

Non-Academic Staff

Ratio 20%

Non-Academic

170 2,808 1,022 4,000

Office of the VC Administrative Units Non-Academic staff (in Academic Units)

Planning Data

Sub-Total

Medical Sciences Science & Technology Sub-Total

1,200 1,200 1,800 4,200 6,000

Sub-Total Staff

Staff/ Student

400 1,200 800 2,400

Student

Staff

400 1,200 800 2,400

400 1,200 800 2,400

Academic Staff/Student Ratio

907 647 745 2,299

Development Studies

Students

350 1,050 700 2,100

Academic Staff

8.92%

Academic

300 900 600 1,800

1,400 1,400 2,100 4,900 7,000

1,600 1,600 2,400 5,600 8,000

1,600 1,600 2,400 5,600 8,000

1,600 1,600 2,400 5,600 8,000

% Student

5% 15% 10%

30% 14.00% 20% 20% 30%

70% 100% 100%

Development Studies Faculty of Arts Faculty of Education Faculty of Social Sciences Faculty of Business Administration Faculty of Environmental Studies Faculty of Law Sub-Total

8.88% 15.49% 5.96% 6.59% 18.16% 6.22% 8.89%

2,206 1,459 3,370 1,518 683 965 10,201

196 226 201 100 124 60 907

8.53% 9.83% 8.74% 4.35% 5.39% 2.61% 39.45%

750 1,500 750 1,500 750 750 6,000

875 1,750 875 1,750 875 875 7,000

1,000 2,000 1,000 2,000 1,000 1,000 8,000

1,000 2,000 1,000 2,000 1,000 1,000 8,000

1,000 2,000 1,000 2,000 1,000 1,000 8,000

2.50% 5.00% 2.50% 5.00% 2.50% 2.50% 20.00%

9.54% 27.91% 12.05% 5.83% 17.24% 12.00%

1,017 455 83 2,178 1,659 5,392

97 127 10 127 286 647

4.22% 5.52% 0.43% 5.52% 12.44% 28.14%

1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 7,500

1,750 1,750 1,750 1,750 1,750 8,750

2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 10,000

2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 10,000

2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 10,000

5.00% 5.00% 5.00% 5.00% 5.00% 25.00%

867 240 2,133 174 1,940 157 1,959 174 6,899 745 3,274 25,766 2,299 Present (2010)

10.44% 7.57% 6.83% 7.57% 32.41%

2,250 2,250 2,250 2,250 9,000 7,500 30,000

2,625 2,625 2,625 2,625 10,500 8,750 35,000

3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 12,000 10,000 40,000

3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 12,000 10,000 40,000

3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 12,000 10,000 40,000

7.50% 7.50% 7.50% 7.50% 30.00% 25.00% 100.00% Plan

Medical Sciences Faculty of Pharmarceutical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Faculty of Dentistry Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology Faculty of Medical Sciences Sub-Total Science & Technology Faculty of Agriculture Faculty of Biological Sciences Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Physical Sciences Sub-Total Post Graduate School Sub-Total Students


27.68% 8.16% 8.09% 8.88% 10.80% 12.71% 8.92%

100.00%


Step 2: Estimation of Infrastructural Assets and Liabilities Sustainable NgREN ICT Infrastructure

Sustainable ICT Infrastructure Planning Capital Expenditure (Currency: NGN) Item

Description

Unit Price

Quantity

Amount

Depreciatio Depreciati n value per on Period year

Investment method

Wireless Network

Item 1

Wireless Network – Campus 1

260,000,000

1

260,000,000

4

65,000,000

Leasing

Item 2

Wireless Network – Campus 2

40,000,000

1

40,000,000

4

10,000,000

Leasing

Optical Fibre Network & Structured Cabling

Item 3

Optical Fibre Cabling – Campus 1

8,000,000

60

480,000,000

10

48,000,000

Leasing

Item 4

Optical Fibre Cabling – Campus 2

8,000,000

10

80,000,000

10

8,000,000

Leasing

Item 5

Structured Cabling with Active Devices

400,000,000

1

400,000,000

4

100,000,000

Leasing

250,000,000

1

250,000,000

10

25,000,000

Data Centre & Operations Management

Item 6

Data Centre

Item 7

Repair Shop, Help Desk & Call Centre

8,000,000

2

16,000,000

4

4,000,000

Vehicles

6,000,000

2

12,000,000

4

3,000,000

4,000,000

4

16,000,000

4

4,000,000

Leasing

10,000,000

4

40,000,000

4

10,000,000

Leasing

Power Equipment Item 8

Generator 60 KVA

Item 9

Inverters (30KVA) & Solar Panel for Power

1,294,000,000


277,000,000


Step 3: Operational Cost Estimation


Sustainable ICT Infrastructure Planning Currency NGN

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

Total

450,000

450,000

450,000

450,000

450,000

450,000 2,700,000

Photographic Services & Publications

-

-

-

Recruitment Travel & Accommodation

-

-

-

Student Open House

-

-

-

Student Scholarships

-

-

-

Students Recruitment

-

-

-

900,000

900,000

900,000

-

-

-

Marketing Plan

Student Recruitment Advertising & PR, Website Design & Maintenance - Google Ads

Travel & Accommodation Presentation Recruitment Materials Total


-

900,000

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

900,000 -

-

900,000 5,400,000 -

-

1,350,000 1,350,000 1,350,000 1,350,000 1,350,000 1,350,000 8,100,000

Sustainable ICT Infrastructure Planning 2011

Currency NGN

Staff Cost Plan

Staff Salaries

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

Total

Available

-

Program Director (1)

25%

900,000

900,000

900,000

900,000

900,000

900,000

5,400,000

Program Staff (1)

100%

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

100%

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Financial Administration (Bursar) Faculty & Teaching Support

-

Senior Faculty (3)

50%

Junior Faculty (1)

100%

-

Adjunct Professor (1)

20%

Teaching Assistants (1)

System Engineer Total

Other Staff Costs Total Grand total - Staff Costs


5,400,000 5,400,000

5,400,000

5,400,000

5,400,000

5,400,000

32,400,000

-

-

-

-

-

-

900,000

900,000

900,000

900,000

900,000

900,000

5,400,000

50%

450,000

450,000

450,000

450,000

450,000

450,000

2,700,000

50%

450,000

450,000

450,000

450,000

450,000

450,000

2,700,000

8,100,000 8,100,000

8,100,000

8,100,000

8,100,000

8,100,000

48,600,000

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Total

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

8,100,000 8,100,000

8,100,000

8,100,000

8,100,000

8,100,000

48,600,000

Administrative Cost Plan


2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

Total

Administrative Support Office Supplies, Postage, Telephone, Copying & Printing

270,000

270,000

270,000

270,000

270,000

270,000

1,620,000

Audio-Visual & IT Support

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

IT Applications & Software, IT Equipment

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Communication Expenses (Bandwidth)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

900,000

900,000

900,000

900,000

900,000

900,000

5,400,000

-

-

-

-

-

-

Maintenance & Utilities (Diesel) Academic Meetings & Events Research & Travel Support, Honoraria

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Development Practice Exercise

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Workshops and Seminars

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Study Materials

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

900,000

900,000

900,000

900,000

900,000

900,000

5,400,000

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2,070,000 2,070,000 2,070,000 2,070,000 2,070,000 2,070,000

12,420,000

Memberships & Subscriptions Field Trips Total



Step 4: Economics of Operations


Sustainable ICT Infrastructure Planning Currency NGN Opening Bank Bal.

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

- 326,480,000

730,960,000

Inflow

615,000,000 693,000,000

693,000,000

771,000,000

Outflow

288,520,000 288,520,000

288,520,000

288,520,000

2016

1,135,440,000 1,617,920,000

Total

2,100,400,000

5,911,200,000

771,000,000

771,000,000

4,314,000,000

288,520,000

288,520,000

1,731,120,000

1,617,920,000 2,100,400,000

2,582,880,000

8,494,080,000

Interest on OD Closing Bank Bal.

Cash Flow Plan

Interest on OD

0 326,480,000 730,960,000 1,135,440,000 20.00%

20.00%

20.00%

20.00%

20.00%

20.00%

615,000,000 693,000,000

693,000,000

771,000,000

771,000,000

771,000,000

-

-

-

-

-

615,000,000 693,000,000

693,000,000

771,000,000

771,000,000

771,000,000

3,006,000,000

Inflows Downpayment of Fees Debtors Fees Subtotal Inflows

3,006,000,000

Outflows Marketing

1,350,000

1,350,000

1,350,000

1,350,000

1,350,000

1,350,000

8,100,000

Staff Costs

8,100,000

8,100,000

8,100,000

8,100,000

8,100,000

8,100,000

48,600,000

Admin Expenses

2,070,000

2,070,000

2,070,000

2,070,000

2,070,000

2,070,000

12,420,000

97,000

97,000

97,000

97,000

97,000

97,000

582,000

11,617,000

11,617,000

11,617,000

11,617,000

11,617,000

11,617,000

69,702,000

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

615,000,000

693,000,000

693,000,000

771,000,000

771,000,000

771,000,000

4,314,000,000

615,000,000

693,000,000

693,000,000

771,000,000

771,000,000

771,000,000

4,314,000,000

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

135,720,000

315,720,000

495,720,000

945,720,000

1,395,720,000

-

147,240,000

191,520,000

191,520,000

461,520,000

461,520,000

461,520,000

1,914,840,000

11,520,000

11,520,000

11,520,000

11,520,000

11,520,000

11,520,000

69,120,000

135,720,000

315,720,000

495,720,000

945,720,000 1,395,720,000

1,845,720,000

1,845,720,000

Lease Repayment Subtotal Outflows Debtors OB Additions Repayment Debtors CB Creditors OB Additions Repayment Creditors CB



Step 5: Business Plan



2011

2012

2013

2014

1,571,000,000

277,000,000

277,000,000

277,000,000

277,000,000

277,000,000

2015

2016

Fixed Assets Fixed Assets Depreciation/lease

Business Plan: Balance Sheet

Subtotal Fixed Assets

1,294,000,000

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Current Assets Debtors Cash at Bank

326,480,000

730,960,000

1,135,440,000

1,617,920,000

2,100,400,000

2,582,880,000

1,620,480,000

730,960,000

1,135,440,000

1,617,920,000

2,100,400,000

2,582,880,000

Creditors

135,720,000

315,720,000

495,720,000

945,720,000

1,395,720,000

1,845,720,000

Subtotal C. Liabilities

135,720,000

315,720,000

495,720,000

945,720,000

1,395,720,000

1,845,720,000

Net Current Asset/ (Liabilities)

190,760,000

415,240,000

639,720,000

672,200,000

704,680,000

737,160,000

415,240,000

639,720,000

672,200,000

704,680,000

737,160,000

190,760,000

415,240,000

639,720,000

672,200,000

704,680,000

737,160,000

190,760,000

415,240,000

639,720,000

672,200,000

704,680,000

737,160,000

Total Assets

Current Liabilities

Leases

Net Asset/(Liabilities)

1,294,000,000

190,760,000

Financed By Capital Profit/(Loss)


-


2011

2012

Student users

324,000,000

402,000,000

Non Student Internet Users

216,000,000

2013

2014

2015

2016

Total

402,000,000

480,000,000

480,000,000

480,000,000

2,568,000,000

60%

216,000,000

216,000,000

216,000,000

216,000,000

216,000,000

1,296,000,000

30%

75,000,000

75,000,000

75,000,000

75,000,000

75,000,000

75,000,000

75,000,000

2%

615,000,000

693,000,000

693,000,000

771,000,000

771,000,000

771,000,000

4,314,000,000

91%

Internet Bandwidth

135,720,000

180,000,000

180,000,000

450,000,000

450,000,000

450,000,000

1,845,720,000

43%

Subtotal COS

135,720,000

180,000,000

180,000,000

450,000,000

450,000,000

450,000,000

1,845,720,000

Gross Margin

188,280,000

222,000,000

222,000,000

30,000,000

30,000,000

30,000,000

722,280,000

17%

Total Gross Margin

479,280,000

513,000,000

513,000,000

321,000,000

321,000,000

321,000,000

2,468,280,000

57%

Marketing

1,350,000

1,350,000

1,350,000

1,350,000

1,350,000

1,350,000

8,100,000

0%

Staff Costs

8,100,000

8,100,000

8,100,000

8,100,000

8,100,000

8,100,000

48,600,000

3%

Admin Expenses

2,070,000

2,070,000

2,070,000

2,070,000

2,070,000

2,070,000

12,420,000

1%

Depreciation/Lease

277,000,000

277,000,000

277,000,000

277,000,000

277,000,000

277,000,000

1,662,000,000

96%

Subtotal expenses

288,520,000

288,520,000

288,520,000

288,520,000

288,520,000

1,731,120,000

100%

Net Contribution

190,760,000

224,480,000

224,480,000

32,480,000

32,480,000

32,480,000

737,160,000

17%

31.0%

32.4%

32.4%

4.2%

4.2%

4.2%

17.1%

%ages

Business Plan: Income Statement

Turnover

Grant and Assistance on ICT Infrastructure Subtotal Revenue

Cost of Sales

Expenses

% Sales


288,520,000

General Comments by Respondents Infrastructure  Good maintenance culture  Constant review of University ICT infrastructure by NUC, and the need for all University administration to be totally ICT driven.  Good security within the environment to prevent damage and stealing of equipment

Management  Day to auditing we help improve on ICT infrastructure and sustainability,  A friendly and secured environment for all ICT infrastructures  ICT must be a credible part of University Strategic Plan  A well organised ICT Management structure  The top echelon of university management should also be carried along to ensure a vibrant and sustainable ICT policy.  Sincerity of purpose Corporate organization support  Working structure and ethics Sustainable NgREN ICT Infrastructure

General Comments by Respondents Pedagogy  Effective integration of ICT utilisation into all major function-relevant university operations such as instruction, research, innovation, service and business.  The will to accept changes and innovations introduced through the application of ICT by the Academic and non-academic staff of the university is Paramount.

Capacity Building  Recruitment and training of competent ICT personnel.  Training of Technical staff is highly essential  All University vice chancellor MUST be ICT literate.

Funding  ICT needs to have a stipulated percentage in the university budget similar to the Library.  The take off should be funded by government but sustained by users  There should be a consistent national intervention for and in ICT development capacity building is very important as many of our graduates these days do not have the requisite knowledge of the practice of the profession. Sustainable NgREN ICT Infrastructure

Conclusion

Imperatives for Sustainable NgREN ICT Infrastructure 1. Business Planning 2. Capacity Building 3. CEO to Drive Process


Thank You Sustainable NgREN ICT Infrastructure