Implantation and Embryonic Development in the Ovariectomized ...

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hamsters. In the hamster it has been shown that after ovariectomy implantation of blastocysts in the uterus can occur with progesterone treat- ment alone. (Orsini.
BIOLOGY

OF

1, 253-257

REPRODUCTION

(1969)

Implantation

and

Embryonic

Development

Ovariectomized-Adrenalectomized

J.

M.

K. HARPER,

Worcester

DIANA

Foundation

for

Ten

groups,

five

cortisol

subjected

to

weights

given

animals

can

and

14

Day

were,

although

they

progesterone.

It

of estrogen

either

from

it has

been

per

induce

ovariectomy

on

animals,

to ten

acetate

group

were

were

adrenalectomy

on

not

different

ovaries

or

in

Day

01545

that

embryonic

growth

1 or

those

on

Day

than in

that the

Massachusetts

demonstrating

maintain

from from

bury,

lower

therefore,

S. W. ELLIOTT

1969

used

significantly

concluded, the

13,

and

however,

is

Shrews

March

implantation

ANN

AND

Biology,

Received

plus

Hamster’

DOWD,2

Experimental

in the

4 of

in

animals for

in

hamsters

pregnancy,

Fetal

sham-operated only

control

ovariectomized

it is unnecessary

adrenals

progesterone

to

induction

and

invoke

of

secretion

implantation

in

hamsters.

In the

hamster

ovariectomy

implantation

the uterus ment alone Orsini,

and

not

that

Meyer,

1960;

Harper,

Certain

contribution.

steroids

androstenedione-have,

1969)

when

and

the latter

effects Orsini and that for

in

in hamsters Psychoyos

A

shown to (Harper, to produce

(1965)

of the and

placed

with

the group

nancy,

while

were

subjected

10.

adrenal

This

work

42,369) and

was

Career from

Human

the

supported

National

Development

2 Summer chusetts,

of

Child student

part

Health from

by

a IJ.S.P.H.S.

Award

(K4-HD-

Institutes to

grants from the U.S.P,H.S, and HD-03003 to M. C. Institutes

in

Development M.

of

J.

K.

Child

Harper

remnants

(HD-02597 to M. J. K. H. Chang) from the National

Ovariectomy through

and

Human

the

University

the

of

to

the

Massa-

Amherst.

fetuses

and

that

253

resorption

on and

of

this

may

of embryos

after

a

made

pregnancy

the lapaon the

(under

500

were

counted,

and

The to

between

perto

fetuses

remnants, be

the

no

were

the un-

were

of

weighed.

of placental

or

numbers Owing

moles

assumed

which

from

surgery,

nonviable

or

ovarian

deaths group

sites

and

was

ones any

excluded

14

I

were

experimental

incisions.

Day

placentae

sites

recognized

other

each

4. There

important

double

preg-

Day

adrenalectomy

this

placentae,

number

the

the

ovari-

1 of

on

Day

implantation

of viable

sham

6 animals

addition

dorsal

of

count

total

since

In reduced

autopsy

atrophic

least

were

and

nature 8. At

to

evidence

two

implantation

Development.

of most

(Day groups.

Day

1 or

autopsy

also

formed

mg),

each four

results.

numbers by

at

surgery

rotomies

Health and

the

left

morning

alone

Day

with

evenly.

Day

on in

for

experimental

at

ovariectomy

Animals

traumatic 1

to

and

experimental on

of

estrus

spermatozoa

subjected

groups

6 animals

double

was

evening

next

in the

adrenalectomy

other

except

had

is

growth in hamsters. The present experiments were therefore undertaken to determine whether exogenously

Research

sham

in

showing the

used

alone

least

groups

in the

discharge were

were

Females

females

of 8 females and

auratus)

breeder. males

those

postestrous

ectomy

at

local

fertile

Only

imin

METHODS

(Mesocricetus a

adrenalectomy

(Harper, have

adrenals embryonic

hamsters

1 of pregnancy)

administered

steroid

the presence implantation

were

AND

from

overnight.

and

exogenously in large doses, been produce estrogenic effects in rats

suggested necessary

Mature purchased

by the

produced

could support development hamsters.

MATERIALS

of an adrenal

dehydroepiandrosterone

progesterone and embryonic

ovariectomized-adrenalectomized

treatPrasad, Prostkoff,

the possibility

adrenal-notably

estrogenic 1967a).

administered plantation

in

1966). Ovariectomy, while it reproduction of ovarian estrogen,

preclude

1967b;

after

blastocysts

can occur with progesterone (Orsini and Meyer, 1959;

and Reeve, moves any does

shown of

slight

be

number equivalent However

of to it is

underestimate implantation

and

254

HARPER,

Day

8 probably

6%

of

between was

leaves

total

implantation unaccounted 1964),

ectomized

hamsters

counted

on

sites

at

autopsy.

loss

has

been

shown

and

Day

11,

for by

(Harper,

In

Day

trace

but

In

less

than

only

0.6%

by

Day

14

on

The

hormones

used

in this

(Calbiochem),

Biochemicals

of these

(Harper

Inc.).

All

progesterone

0.25

ml

of cottonseed

and

injected

subcutaneously

was

suspended

in 0.25

(ip).

by

et

and

in

one

on

Day

not

commenced

hamsters from

group

1955)

at

injected was

and

pregnancy

to

between

the

the

method

means range

and of

water

of autopsy.

treatment

multiple

p < .05 level,

the

using

drinking

day

were

test

other

an-

(Duncan,

In Table sters

mated

tions

and

shown

and

the

viable

different ated

1 are

80%

nant

and

fetuses)

was

autopsy In the

on

Day

sters

4 with

slightly

In

daily

group

adminis-

did

not

affect

at autopsy

injection the

numbers

but

on

of cortisol

had

of hamno effect

on

survival.

only

sham-operated

(i.e., viable

Adrenalectomy daily

reduced

pregnant

survival

at

pregnant at autopsy the percentage of

development.

1 or Day

embryonic

the

pregnant

development that formed 1 and

numbers of animals significantly reduced

acetate

for sham-oper-

were

of 2 mg of progesterone

Day

of hamimplanta-

86%.

embryonic

the

at

groups.

the embryonic of implantations

Ovariectomy the but

with

7 of 8 hamsters

autopsy percentage

tration

numbers

fetuses

treatment

group

the

one not

other

significantly

group

was lower

(control)

group,

ovariectomized

and

embryonic than

and

in that

adrenalectom-

could

and support

also

embryonic

and

results

observed

were

in animals suband given 2 mg/

and

adrenalectomy

were

progesterone

com-

mg/day cortisol acetate development reasonably

of the

day

progesterone

tate

failed

animals

The

and

had

the

numbers

with

at

with

any

of

were

except

those

only

ovariectomized mean number than

A similar of viable

group. in

between

animals

pattern fetuses

was seen (calculated

There

of

and

adrenalectomy.

the

The reduced

was

controls

or not

only

those

sub-

ovariectomized.

In alone

were

was the significantly

for mean numbers per hamster with only two of the on Day 1 or Day

for no

of viable fetuses the sham-oper-

significant

numbers

group

any

smaller

until Day 4. In none of the animals were both

and adrenalectomized of implantations

mean

in

rem-

for all groups

adrenalectomized

for the

the

sites

significantly

4-were the mean numbers not significantly less than ences

of

group.

placental

group

any placental remnant). groups.-adrenalectomy

ated

ace30%

percentage

of implantation

in the sham-operated

preg2 mg/

cortisol

of any

evidence

autopsy

still

(only

lowest

(32%)

supwell

given

pregnancy

survival mean

were

animals

combined

jected to ovariectomy the groups in which

less

mated

Similar

to maintain

at autopsy)

and

mg/day)

2

but

groups

adrenalec1, treatment

4, 1 mg/day

at autopsy.

than

numbers

Day

to those produced to ovariectomy

with 0.5 embryonic

nants RESULTS

and

or

the

ovariectomy

hamsters

(1952).

treatment

mg/day)

Indeed

on Day

bined ported

Murray

(2

progesterone. When

an-

and

(1

implantation

embryonic

differences

Mainland

of

supplement

other

(0.5

growth.

and were

adrenalectomized

saline the

day

except

injections

5. All on

the

adrenalectom-

estrone

Day

Duncan’s

on

only

done

autopsy,

the

acetate

2 mg/day

estrone

5.

progesterone

day

intraperitoneally until

Day from

comparable jected only

acetate

receiving

an

even when ovariectomy were performed on

with

vehicle

commenced

daily

of operation

using

alyzed

and

until

cortisol

of steroid-suspending

maintained

Differences alyzed

ml

in

Company)

The

ovariectomized

1 of

day

Scientific

(sc).

continued

were the

(Fisher

treatment

of operation that

oil

hamster”

dissolved

1 and with

from

that tomy

fetal

acetate

“per

were

Day

.tg/day)

not

(Nutritional

given

estrone

on

cortisol

progesterone

cortisol

were

and

NIH)

Hormone

ized

and

dosages

the

(distributed

were U.S.P.

Corporation),

(Chemed, and

study

estrone

ized

It is clear

were

1966).

U.S.P.

ELLIOTT

ovari-

sites

7 of pregnancy

AND

progesterone

1%

with

implantation

autopsy

occur

at autopsy

studies

which

rats,

to

at least a mole

previous in

disappeared

al.,

no

prenatal

DOWD,

of

differ-

viable

fetuses

ovariectomized

only

to

ovariectomy

subjected

both

and

mean weight of the viable fetuses was from the level of the sham-operated only

in those

adrenalectomized

groups on

Day

ovariectomized 1 and

given

PREGNANCY

AFTER

REMOVAL

OF

OVARIES

AND

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