In the Name of God

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Identification of canarypox virus using histopathological and molecular assays. 85. 753. Special immune response of broiler fed Sodium Butyrate (Na-B). 86. 754.
In the Name of God the Compassion, the Merciful

Proceedings Book Organizer

Co-Organizer

1

Contents Welcome Messages

3

Committees

5

Congress Program-Oral Presentations

8

Poster Presentations

18

Keynote Speeches

34

Abstracts

54

Authors Index

244

Exhibitors List

253

2

In the name of God Seeking knowledge is obligatory on every Muslim The Prophet, Muhammad (PBUH) It is my great pleasure to welcome all scientists, researchers and the honor guests, especially the participants from other countries to the 3rd International Veterinary Poultry Congress (IVPC2012) that is to be held from 22 to 23 February 2012, in Razi International Venue of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran. The first and second International Veterinary Poultry Congresses ware held four and two years ago, respectively, in Tehran. The National and International Veterinary Congress series has been established as a new tradition for all veterinarians around the globe by Veterinary Council of Iran (IRVC) because of the high veterinary diversity and our society's demand and this congress is the 11th scientific event organized by IRVC. Our aim is to put great emphasis on all developing fields of Veterinary Poultry such as viral, bacterial, mycotic and parasitic diseases; nutrition and metabolic disorders; management and disease control strategies; and food safety and public health. This event is directed to the students, academicians, researchers and other veterinary and health professionals interested in the main advances in the knowledge of veterinary poultry and related sciences. Young veterinarians have especially showed their desire to participate and I am very thankful of this. I would like to express my sincere thanks to all contributors to the congress, all members of organizing, scientific, executive and student committees and Iranian Veterinary Council members whose endeavors made this event possible. I wish also especially thank Dr. Mohammad-Hassan Bozorgmehrifard, the Emeritus Professor of Poultry Diseases at the University of Tehran (Congress Secretary), Dr. Seyed Mostafa Peighambari, the Associate Professor of Poultry Diseases at the University of Tehran (Chairman of Scientific Committee) for his serouis and subtle efforts in evaluation of the abstracts and organizing the scientific program, and also Dr. Siamak Goharkhay (executive committee) from Contemporary Conference Organizers(CCO). I look forward to seeing you again during the 4th International Veterinary Poultry Congress in 2014. Dr. Seyed Mohammad Aghamiri President of Veterinary Council I.R. of Iran

3

In the name of God Welcome to the 3rd International Veterinary Poultry Congress (IVPC2012) in Tehran! It is our great pleasure in welcoming you all to Tehran and to the Third International Veterinary Poultry Congress. The congress program has been prepared in cooperation with Veterinary Council I.R. Iran (IRVC), Iranian academic and research institutions, and the Contemporary Conference Organizers Co. The main goal has been to deal with issues, directly or indirectly related to avian health and diseases. The proceedings of this congress mostly reflect the topics that Iranian avian researchers are challenging with and also the priorities of members of the scientific committee who selected the papers. We are very pleased with the high number of abstracts (more than 700) sent by researchers from 12 different countries. The high number of abstracts sent to IVPC2012 has proved the appreciation for this congress especially among Iranian researchers. The congress proceedings include abstracts of all accepted papers (oral and poster) and the full texts of the papers presented by invited speakers. It is also provided separately in a CD that is available for registered participants. The program covers a wide range of topics reflecting the current scientific and industrial interests. Because of the great number of scientific contributions, only some papers have been selected as oral presentations and the rest will be presented as posters during all two days of congress. The oral program is structured so that there are seven sessions, in which the first session is for invited speakers and the six sessions, thereafter, have been assigned for short oral presentations. We are confident too that this congress will provide an opportunity for detailed discussions and fruitful exchanges of ideas. We sincerely hope this congress will give new enthusiasm and impetus to poultry researchers. We would like to take this opportunity to express our sincere gratitude to the members of the Scientific Committee, the members of the Organizing Committee, and the Secretarial Staff for their valuable works and to all those who helped to make this congress possible and to all who are present here today. Our special thanks go to Dr. H. Akbarein form IRVC for his continuous cooperation with the Scientific Committee.

We wish all participants and accompanying persons a pleasant stay in Tehran, and Iran.

M. H. Bozorgmehrifard, DVM, Ph.D Emeritus Professor of Poultry Diseases University of Tehran Congress Secretary

S. M. Peighambari, DVM, MSc., Ph.D Associate Professor of Poultry Diseases University of Tehran Chairman, Scientific Committee

4

Organizing Committee Chairman of Congress Organizing Committee Dr. Seyed Mohammad Aghamiri President of Veterinary Council of the I.R. Iran

Congress Secretary Dr. Mohammad-Hassan Bozorgmehrifard Emeritus Professor of Poultry Diseases at the University of Tehran and the chairman of Veterinary Poultry Committee, Veterinary Council I.R. Iran

Chairman of Scientific Committee Dr. Seyed Mostafa Peighambari Associate Professor of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran

Chairman of Congress Executive Committee Dr. Amir Abbas Jafari Deputy of Health, Education and Development of Veterinary Council I.R. IRAN

Congress Coordinator Dr. Hesameddin Akbarein Manager of Congresses and Scientific Committees, Veterinary Council I.R IRAN

Executive Manager Dr. Siamak Goharkhay Managing Director of Contemporary Conference Organizers (CCO)

Editorial & Proofreading Committee Dr. Parisa Falahi Dr. Mohammad Soltani Dr. Zolikha Tatari

5

Scientific Committee Chair: S. M. Peighambari, University of Tehran, Tehran Members:

 A. A. Akbari Veterinary Council, I. R. IRAN  R. Akbarian Iran Veterinary Organization  M. Allymehr Urmia University, Urmia  K. Asasi Shiraz University, Shiraz  M. R. Bassami Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad  M. H. Bozorgmehrifard University of Tehran, Tehran  S. Charkhkar Islamic Azad University- Sci. & Res. branch  M. Farkhoy University of Tehran, Tehran  A. Feizi Islamic Azad University-Tabriz, Tabriz  M. Hassanzadeh University of Tehran, Tehran  R. Jafari Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz  Gh. A. Kalidari Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad  V. Karimi University of Tehran, Tehran  P. H. Khoshkhoo Islamic Azad University-Karaj, Karaj  S. M. Kiaei University of Tehran, Tehran  B. Mansoori University of Tehran, Tehran

 M. Mayahi Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz  S. M. Mirsalimi Intervet Scientific Office, Tehran  M. Modirsanei University of Tehran, Tehran  R. Momayez Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute, Karaj  H. Nili Shiraz University, Shiraz  S. A. Pourbakhsh Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute, Karaj  Sh. Rahimi Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran  Z. Rajabi University of Tabriz, Tabriz  J. Razmyar Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad  A. Sadrzadeh Islamic Azad University-Garmsar, Garmsar  M. R. Seyfiabad Shapouri Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz  B. Shojadoost University of Tehran, Tehran  A. Talebi Urmia University, Urmia  M. Vasfi Marandi University of Tehran, Tehran  A. Zamani Moghaddam Shahrekord University, Shahrekord

Executive Committee      

     

Dr. Siamak Goharkhay Dr. Bamshad Shokouhi Mohammad Sadegh Harandi Shahrokh Goharkhay Farhad Mirzaei Ali Tahmasebi

6

Somayeh Fazlali Mahdieh Soghandi Sara Moradi Narges Seyedi Ghazale Karkhane Ramisa Amiri

Congress Program Oral Presentations

7

Congress Program Wednesday, February 22, 2012 Hall A Opening Ceremony 9:00 – 10:30 10:30 – 11:00: Break & Poster Presentation

11:00 – 13:00 Keynote Speeches Hall A Panel coordinator: Dr. M. H. Bozorgmehrifard Members: Dr. S. M. Kiaei, Dr. A. A. Akbari, Dr. M. Mayahi Time

Speaker

Presentation

11:00 – 11:30

Mahdi Vasfi Marandi

Current situation of avian influenza in Iran and around the world

11:30 - 12:00

Alireza Khosravi

Efficacy of different mycotoxins on immune responses of poultry

12:00 - 12:30

Katia Pedrosa

Effect of Bacillus Toyoi in broiler chicken production

12:30-13:00

Behzad Mansoori

Phytase enhances phosphorous utilization in laying hens: a mini-review

13:00 – 13:30: Lunch & Refreshment 13:30 – 14:00: Poster Presentation 8

Wednesday, February 22, 2012 Session 1- Hall A 14:00– 16:00

Panel coordinator: Dr. M. R. Bassami Members: Dr. R. Momayez, Dr. J. Razmyar, Dr. K. Asasi Time

Speaker

Presentation

14:00-14:15

Nima Ghahremani

Molecular analysis of infectious bronchitis viruses isolated in Iran from 1998 to 2008

14:15-14:30

Mohsen Rafiei

14:30-14:45

Hossein Hosseini

Rapid detection and identification of new strains of infectious bronchitis virus in field specimens by high-resolution melting analysis

14:45-15:00

Zahra Boroomand

Pathogenesis and tissue distribution of avian infectious bronchitis virus isolate IRFIBV32 (793/B serotype) in experimentally infected broiler chickens

15:00-15:15

Abolfazl Ghaniei

Identification of reassortant infectious bursal disease viruses by RT-PCR of VP1 and VP2 genes in Iran

[

Identification of different serotypes of infectious bronchitis viruses in allantoic fluid samples with single and multiplex RT-PCR

15:15-15:30

A. Kaffashi

Isolation and full-length sequence analysis of chicken anemia virus in Iran

15:30-15:45

Vida Eraghi

Sequence analysis of VP1 gene of chicken infectious anemia virus circulating in commercial broiler farms of Northeast Iran

15:45-16:00

Sylvain Comte

New fields of possibility opened by new technologies in poultry vaccination

9

Wednesday, February 22, 2012 Session 2- Hall A 16:30– 17:30

Panel coordinator: Dr. S. A. Pourbakhsh, Members: Dr. S. M. Mirsalimi, Dr. A. Zamani-moghaddam, Dr. Z. Rajabi Time

Speaker

16:30-16:45

Mohammad R. Bassami

16:45-17:00

T. Rostamali

17:00-17:15

17:15—17:30

H. Fadaee

Golnaz Hesami

Presentation

Molecular detection of Avian nephritis virus (ANV) in broiler flocks in Iran Molecular changes of Newcastle disease virus isolates of the recent outbreak in Iran Newcastle disease virus isolated from laying chicken flocks is the same strain circulating in broiler flocks of northeast Iran

Detection of avian metapneumovirus in broiler flocks in Khuzestan province by RT-PCR method

10

Thursday, February 23, 2012 Session 3- Hall B 8:30– 10:30

Panel coordinator: Dr. A. Talebi Members: Dr. P. H. Khoshkhoo, Dr. R. Jafari, Dr. R. Akbarian Time

Speaker

Presentation

8:30-8:45

Zahra Bamdad

Phylotyping and detection of O157 serotype in stx and eae genes possessed Escherichia coli isolates from healthy red leg partridge

8:45-9:00

Hamidreza Kazemeini

Isolation of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli from quail, partridge, and ostrich meat

9:00-9:15

Seyed Ahmad Madani

Molecular typing of avian Chlamydophila psittaci using PCR-RFLP and ompA sequencing

9:15-9:30

Seyed Ali Pourbakhsh

Phylogenetic analysis of some Mycoplasma synoviae isolates from Markazi province commercial chicken farms

9:30-9:45

Ali Tolooe

Molecular detection of cpb2 Gene in Clostridium perfringens isolates from diseased chickens

9:45-10:00

Shahrooz Masaeli

Partial sequence determination of a cDNA encoding microneme 5 protein of Eimeria necatrix isolated from the Khuzestan province of Iran

10:00-10:15

M. Kheradmand

The effects of Nanosilver on Coccidiosis

10:15 – 11:00: Break & Poster Presentation

11

Thursday, February 23, 2012 Session 4- Hall C 8:30– 10:30 Panel coordinator: Dr. B. Mansoori Members: Dr. M. Farkhoy, Dr. A. Feizi, Dr. A. Sadrzadeh Time 8:30-8:45

Speaker

Presentation

Elnaz Safiyary

Effects of commercial enzyme supplement in hullless barley based diets on egg, egg shell quality and intestinal morphology in laying hen

[

8:45-9:00

9:00-9:15

9:15-9:30

9:30-9:45

Akbar Yaghobfar Forough Mirzaaghatabar

Hanieh Taheri

Ali asghar Shabani Fath

Effects of total and digestible amino acids and nitrogen corrected-apparent to true metabolizable energy on the broiler breeder performance The interaction effect of different levels of methionine and metabolizable energy on thymus in broiler Effects of plant based DCP in comparison with mineral based DCP on growth performance of broiler chicken up to 42 days of age

Effect of dietary supplementation of antibiotic growth promoter and orgacid on ileum morphology and length intestinal of broiler chickens

E. Aghil

Effect of intensity and time of early feed restriction on immunity, jejunal morphology and ileal microflora of broiler chickens

10:00-10:15

Omid Afsarian

Effects of different levels of probiotic and calcium butyrate on immune system and blood parameters in laying hen

10:15-10:30

Daryoush Babazadeh

9:45-10:00

Effects of probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic intake on blood enzymes and organ weights of Japanese quails (Coturnix Japonica)

10:30 – 11:00: Break & Poster Presentation

12

Thursday, February 23, 2012

Hall B 11:00– 13:00

IVPA Election 13 – 13:30: Lunch & Refreshment 13:30 – 14:00: Poster Presentation

13

Thursday, February 23, 2012 Session 5- Hall B 14:00– 16:00 Panel coordinator: Dr. M. Vasfi Marandi Members: Dr. V. Karimi, Dr. H. Nili, Dr. S. Charkhkar Time

Speaker

Presentation

14:00-14:15

F. Poursafar

Molecular surveillance of avian influenza virus subtypes (H5, H7, H9) genome using Real Time RTPCR in domestic ducks, Guilan province during 2010 2011

14:15-14:30

Alireza Heidari

14:30-14:45

Arash Ghalyanchi

14:45-15:00

Masoud Soltanialvar

15:00-15:15

Samira Ghadi

15:15-15:30

A. Shoushtari

15:30-15:45

15:45-16:00

16:00-16:15

H. Amirsalehi

Genetic analyses and antigenic matching of H9N2 avian influenza field isolates and vaccine strains in Iran Phylogenetic analysis of M1 coding gene of H9N2 virus isolated from broiler in Iran during 1998-2008

Cloning and phylogenetic analysis of nucleoprotein (NP) gene in Iranian H9N2 avian influenza viruses Genetic analysis of hemagglutinin protein of H9N2 isolated from live bird markets in Tehran province in 2007-2008 Phylogenetic analysis of hemagglutinin gene of two highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses detected in chicken and duck (Iran 2011) Can dog contribute to H9N2 avian influenza virus outbreaks in poultry farms?

E. Moeini

Comparison the duration of H9N2 avian influenza viral replication in the lung and kidney of broiler chicken in various times post inoculation

A. Mehrfard

Comparison of the effects of Phyto-cold and Bronchimax on the immune response against killed Influenza vaccine subtype (H9N2) in broiler chicks

14

Thursday, February 23, 2012 Session 6- Hall C 14:00– 16:00 Panel coordinator: Dr. Sh. Rahimi Members: Dr. M. Hassanzadeh, Dr. M. Modirsanei, Dr. Gh. Kalidari, Dr. M. Allymehr Time

Speaker

14:00-14:15

Shaban Rahimi

Effects of different lighting programs in preventation of ascites in different strains of broiler chickens

Arash Yazdani

Evaluation of inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression in the heart of broiler chickens with experimental pulmonary hypertension

14:15-14:30

14:30-14:45

14:45-15:00

15:00-15:15

Presentation

Tohid Toloei

Efficacy of phytase and glycanase enzymes on the performance, serum mineral levels and antibody titer against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and infectious bronchititis disease virus(IBV) of broilers fed nutritionally marginal diets

Ashkan Jebelli Javan

Effect of dietary Zataria multiflora Boiss essential oil supplementation on lipid oxidation of broiler breast fillets during refrigerated storage

H. Haghbin Nazarpak

Influence of probiotic, prebiotic, antibiotic, herbal growth promoter and immune modulator on broilers performance, hematological indices and antibody response Effect of dietary Avilamycin, Acid butyric and Nutracid focus as growth promoters on ileum morphology of broiler chickens in the 21 Days

15:15-15:30

Ramin Najafi

15:30-15:45

Seyedeh Maryam Hashemian

The effect of Theophylline on laying performance in laying hens

15:45-16:00

Rahman Jahanian

Interactive effect of dietary threonine and zinc on cellular and humoral immune responses in broiler chicks

Thursday, February 23, 2012 Hall B Closing Ceremony 16:15 – 16:45

15

Workshops Scheduled Program Wednesday February 22, 2012 Hall

D

Time

Title

Organizer

Presenter Dr. Sylvain Comte

10:30 - 11:30

IBD control - Vaccine take monitoring and field performances

Savapars Co.

12:00 - 13:00

Control and Prevention of TRT (SHS) Disease in Breeder and Broiler Farms

HIPRA

14:00 - 15:00

Golbid- Intervet (MSD)

‫ـــــــــــــ‬

Dr. Khoshkhoo Dr. Sedghi ‫ـــــــــــــ‬

Thursday February 23, 2012 Hall

Time

Title

Organizer

Presenter

09:00 - 10:00

Laboratory diagnosis of avian pathogenic Mycoplasmas

RAZI ALBORZ PRDCV&DISTU CO-OPVCO.

Dr. Pourbakhsh

10:30 - 11:30

Basics of Salmonella control and Practices around the world

Savapars Co.

Dr. Brtrand Le Tallec

H9N2 influenza virus situation and its relation to respiratory syndromes of chicken in Iran.

RAZI ALBORZ PRDCV&DISTV CO-OPVCO.

Dr. Shooshtari

10:30 - 11:30

Effect of Toyocerin (Probiotic) in Broiler chicken Production.

Lohmann Animal Health

Dr. Katia Pedrosa

12:00 - 13:00

IBD xtreme & CAV vaccine effect on immune System.

Lohmann Animal Health

Dr. Katia Pedrosa

D

09:00 - 10:00 E

16

Congress Program Poster Presentations

17

Wedensday, February 22, 10:30-13:30 Board Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

Code

Description

51

Effect of Phytogenic and Acidifier Feed Additives on Meat Ph and Vital Organ Size in Broiler Chickens

55

Survey for the detection of antibodies against newcastle viruses and avian influenza viruses with style HI at sparrows and crows of the avicultures around of Qazvin province.

58

Aberrant migration of Ascaridia spp. in a Myna (Acridotheres tristis)

60

First report of Diplotriaena spp. from the body cavity of Myna (Acridotheres tristis)

61

Effects of Probiotic, Prebiotic, Synbiotic, and Stocking Density on Broiler Growth Performance, Carcass Traits and Blood Parametersr

80

Comparison of chest weight of pure and mixed races Parvazi 30-day Squabs

81

Comparison of chest weight of pure and mixed races Tizpar 30-day Squbs

82

Comparison of carcass weight of pure and mixed races Tizpar 30-day Squabs

84 86 92 94 96 111

A preliminary study of gastrointestinal helminth parasites of wild red-legged partridges (Alectoris rifa) from khorasan Province, Iran Effects of different levels of poultry oil on broilers growth performance, carcass traits and immune system An Enzyme- Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Antibodies to Mycoplasma synoviae and Mycoplasma Gallisepticum in Eggs The effects of prebiotic and organic acid at different levels of stocking densities on broilers performance and immune system Molecular detection of infectious bronchitis and Newcastle disease viruses in broiler herds with respiratory signs using Multiplex-RT-PCR Determination of Metabolizable Energy of Tomato Pomace for Ostrich by Inert Marker (Chromic Oxide)

112

Determination of Metabolizable Energy of Alfalfa Meal for Ostrich by Inert Marker (Chromic Oxide)

113

The Effects of Dry Heat Processing on Trypsin Inhibitor Activity of Whole Soybean and Pancreatic Hypertrophy in Broiler Chickens

114

The Effects of Feeding Dry Heat Processed Soybean on Carcass Quality of Broiler Chickens

115 116 117 119 128 129 130 131 133

The Effects of Diets Containing Low Calcium and Low Available Phosphorus Levels on Apparent Digestibility of Ca & P and Bone Mineralization of Broiler Chickens The Effects of Diets Containing Low Calcium and Low Available Phosphorus Levels on Serum Parameters and Performance of Broiler Chickens Effect of Different Levels of Artichoke (Cynsrs scolymus) and Vitamin E on the Immune System Response of Broiler Chickens Effect of In Ovo Feeding of Royal Jelly on Chick Quality Effect of Different Levels of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L) Powder and Vitamin E on Performance and White Blood Cell Count of Broiler Chickens The effect of different levels of energy and protein with constant ratio on performance, carcass characteristics and plasma concentrations of thyroid hormones and growth hormones in broiler chickens The effect of different levels of ginger powder on performance, carcass characteristics and serum lipid in broiler chickens Antibiotic Resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from day old broiler chicks in the Guilan province, Iran, 2011. The effect of xylanase and phytase on AST and LDH enzyme in broiler in 42 day

18

Wedensday, February 22, 10:30-13:30 Board Number 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51

Code

Description

134

Survey of poultry carcasses condemnation causes in 29 slaughterhouses located in Tehran province, Iran.

136

Investigation of the effect of heat stress on newcastle disease and performance of broiler breader farm

137

The comparative survey of effects of Nanosilver and Homeopathy in Coccidiosis

138 143 156 159 165 168 170 173 175

Detection of avian influenza viruses in broilers farms suffering from respiratory signs using a multiplex PCR Effect of different levels of Certiselen-E supplement on performance and Glutathione Peroxidase activity of laying hens under tropical summer condition The evaluation of extracted Thymus vulgaris in drinking water on illume E. coli population, digestive tract enzyme and serum in broiler chickens Evaluation of Ketamine efficacy in combination with tramadol, midazolam, atropine and hyoscine on some hematologic factors of broiler chickens Differentiation of the chicken anemia viruses isolated from broiler farms of west Azerbaijan Nonimmunized Egg Yolk Antibody Powder Can Suppress the Intestinal Colonization of Escherichia coli in Broiler Chicks A survey of diseases and condemned poultry referred to the Mazandaran province poultry slaughterhouses A serological survey of avian influenza virus (H9N2) infection in turkey flocks (Tehran province, Iran) Sero-prevalence and isolation of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale in poultry flocks in Mazandaran province

177

Study on Salmonella contamination of indigenous fowls' eggs in Sanandaj city

179

Effect of partial replacement of Betaine instead of Choline on Broiler performance

180 181

Effect of Probiotic , Prebiotic , Phytobiotic , Mos and Antibiotic as Growth promotors on broiler performance Effect of probiotic yoghurt and prebiotic utilization on performance and blood composition of broiler chickens

182

serological survey of chicken infectious anemia virus in ahvaz broiler chicks

187

Serological survey of avian pneumovirus infectious in broiler flocks of Ardabil province

188

Serological survey of Mycoplasma gallisepticum infectious in broiler flocks of Ardabil province

189

Investigation the effects of dietary probiotic, prebiotic on performance in broiler chickens

190

Comparative study of antibody titers obtained from Avinew and La Sota vaccines in broiler chicks with HI test

194

A case report of systemic infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae in parrot

195

Investigation of Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria ivanovii infection in wild cage birds in Shahrekord, Iran by PCR

196

Effect of dietary natural plant charcoals on aflatoxin B1 toxicosis in broiler chickens

198

Effects of Black Cumin Supplements on Performance and Immunological Responses of Laying Hens

19

Wedensday, February 22, 10:30-13:30 Board Number 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76

Code 199 200

Description Effect of Different Levels of Turmeric Rhizome Powder (Curcuma longa) on Immunocompetence of Laying Hens Effect of Turmeric Rhizome Powder (Curcuma longa) on Some Blood Parameters and Laying Hens Performance

201

Prevalence of Salmonella Serovars in Backyard Poultry in Mazandaran Province, Sari

203

Identification of Isolated Fungi from Different Lesions of Birds with Aspergillosis

204

Effects of Different Levels of Dietary Crude Protein and Threonine on Performance and Immunological Functions of Broiler Chicks

205

Outbreak of Severe Disseminated Aspergillosis in a Flock of Ostrich (Struthio camelus)

206

Isolation of toxigenic and nontoxigenic fungi from poultry feedstuffs

207 215 216 218 219

Productive Performance of Laying Hens Fed Diets Included Safflower Meal with or without a Commercial Enzyme Product Effect of dietary Zataria multiflora Boiss. Essential oil supplementation on lipid oxidation of broiler breast fillets during refrigerated storage Effect of Different Levels of Dietary Methionine on Performance and Immunological Responses of Broiler Chicks effect of Biolex-MB, Garlic and Turmeric on Interior organs and hematological indices of broiler chickens The Effect of Different Levels E- Selenovit Supplement on Performance and Immune Response of Laying Hens Under Heat Stress Condition

227

Use of Plate and Screw for Repair of Femur fracture in an Eagle

228

Clinical Pathology of myopathy in male ostrich during breeding season

232

Evaluation of the relationship between ascites syndrome and infectious bronchitis in broilers

233 236 237 238 241

Comparative survey of ascites syndrome incidence rate in Ross, Arbor-Acress and Cobb strains of broiler chicks in west of Iran When is the best time for supplementation probiotic BIOSAF in broiler to improve growth performance? The effect of supplementation probiotic BIOSAF on the immune response to Newcastle vaccination and SRBC injection The effect of supplementation Probiotic Protoxin on the egg characteristics of Japanese quails (cotvrnnix japonica) Seroprevalence of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale Infections in Broilers and Broiler Breeder chickens in Kermanshah Province, west of Iran

242

Anaphylactic-Like Reaction to Zataria multiflora Essential Oil in Chickens

246

A Modified Protocol for DNA Extraction of Eimeria Species Oocysts for Molecular Identification

247

Incidence of the Most Common Fungi Species in Broiler mortalties in west Azarbayjan Province during 2010

248

Detection of Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria ivanovii in Pigeons in Yazd, Iran by PCR

254

Study on Effects of Biomin Imbo on Humoral Immunity to ND and AI in Ross-Broiler Chickens

20

Wedensday, February 22, 10:30-13:30 Board Number 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90

Code 256 259

Description Antimicrobial Resistance among E. coli causing colibacillosis in broiler farms in East Azerbaijan province Broiler Health status determination using water microbiological analysis, Newcastle HI titers and MG and MS serum agglutination titers in west Azerbaijan province flocks during 2010

260

Characterization of M2 gene of avian H9N2 influenza virus isolates from Shahrekord, Iran

263

Investigation the effect of various management programs on broilers tibial dyschondroplasia

264

The first reported Anonchotaenia.spp from Ammoperdix griseogularis in Iran from Mashhad

271 274 286 291 292 293 300

Evaluation of Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria ivanovii infection in cage birds in Yazd, Iran by PCR Usage of Thymus vulgaris extracts in drinking water and its evaluation on colony forming units E. coli in broiler chickens The effect of live Newcastle disease vaccination on the production of nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation in broiler Evaluation the effect of hypericum perforatum dried extract on antibody titre obtained from Newcastle vaccine in broiler chicks Evaluation the effect of Dietary Calcium percentage on Incidence of Gout syndrome in Broiler chicks Comparative survey of ascites syndrome incidence rate in broiler chickens infected and non-infected by infectious bronchitis The Effect of Hemicell Enzyme on the blood parameters of Broiler Chickens Fed Corn/SoybeanBased Diets

301

The effects of different Levels of Date pits on Carcass characteristics of broiler chickens

303

The Impact of synbiotic and prebiotics on antibody titer against Newcastle disease, growth performance, organ weights and gut morphology of broiler chickens

21

Wedensday, February 22, 14:00-17:00 Board Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

Code 304 306 307 308 309 311 313

Description Effects of dietary inclusion of probiotic and synbiotic on antibody titer against Newcastle disease, growth performance, organ weights and gut morphology of broiler chickens Effect of thyme extract on Escherichia coli intestinal microbial load hematological factors and performance of broiler chickens Survey of staphylococcus infection in broiler breeders A comparison between the effect of using a probiotic and an antibiotic on performance of broiler chickens in a farm trial Effect of thyme extract on Clostridium perfringens intestinal microbial load, hematological factors and performance of broiler chickens The effect of different levels of wheat brane with and without enzyme on some blood methabolites of broiler chickens Dietary Berberis vulgaris extract enhance most of the intestinal mucosa morphology in the growing broiler chickens

314

Effect of two types of feed allocation program on broiler breeder performance

321

Antimicrobial susceptibility of isolated Salmonella from broiler chickens and In Vivo approach

322

A field study of different wavelength effects on broilers performance and immune response

323

Efficacy of some anticoccidial drugs in broiler chickens

324

Effect of Dietary Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) on Intestine Mucosa Morphology of Broilers Chicken

325

Does New Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus Serotypes Exist in Broiler Chicken Flocks of Fars Province of Iran

326

DYSGERMINOMA IN A CANARY (A CASE REPORT FROM IRAN)

328

Myelocytoma of frontal bone in a canary (a case report from Iran)

331

The effect of dietry of supplementation of Black Cumin seeds (Carum carvi) on internal organ weights and fatty acid profile of thigh meat in broiler chickens

333

Seroprevalence of H9N2 Avain Influenza Virus in Human Population in ardabil area ,Iran

337 341

Surveying bacterial contamination internal organs of broiler poultry and their resistance against common consuming antibiotics in broiler poultris in Ilam province First report of unilateral airsac salmonellosis (Salmonella senftenberg) in mynah bird (Gracula religiosa)

342

Giardiasis in a Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus), first report in IRAN

343

Congenital iris coloboma in an African Grey Parrot

345 346

Mandibular Genesis Imperfecta and Hypopyon caused by E. coli in a Female Alexandrine Parakeet (Psittacula eupatria) Study on effects of Artemisia annua extract on oocyst shedding in chickens infected with Eimeria necatrix

347

Survey on the serum antibody titer against avian influenza disease virus in sparrow

351

Acute colisepticemia in partridge chicks

355

A survey on bacterial infections of one to ten day old broiler chickens in Kerman province

22

Wedensday, February 22, 14:00-17:00 Board Number 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

Code

Description

358

The effect of reduction or removal of dietary vitamin supplement on broiler chickens performance

364

Effect of different levels of organic selenium on male broiler chichens

367

Effects of Genestein on Immune Functions of Male Broiler Chicks

368 370

Case report about abservation of Prosthogonimus parasite in egg’s of rural pultery of Gachsaran township Biological control of adult stage of Argas persicus by entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae isolates under laboratory condition

371

Survey of Haemoproteus columbae infection in pigeons from Khoramabad, Lorestan province, Iran

372

Genotypic survey on Escherichia coli isolates from feces of healthy domestic parrots

379

The Effects of Probiotic on Growth Performance and Mortality of Broiler Chickens

394

The effect of Antibiotic and Butyric Acid on the performance of broiler chickens

397

Study of Orego Stime extract effects on broiler chickens performance after administration of lasota vaccine

398

Thyme essential oils (thymus vulgaris) alleviate vaccination reactions

401

The effect of Antibiotic and Organic Acid on the performance and immune system of broiler chickens

402

Study on the protection of an intermediate plus Gumboro vaccine in broiler chicks

410

Prediction RV/TV by Heart Sound in Broiler

412

The Study on Effect of Levamisole Hydrochloride on Response Humoral Immune in Broiler Vaccinated Against Infection Bursal Disease

413

Poultry Abattoir Survey of Carcass Condemnation in a Slaughterhouse Located in Isfahan

419

Serologic study of Neospora caninum infection in back-yard chickens from Ahvaz

425

Molecular analysis of the S2 gene of Infectious bronchitis virus belonged to 793/B serotype isolated from poultry farms in Iran

426

Survey of disease and carcase omission causes in poultry slaughter house in Isfahan(2006 – 2009)

429

Serological study on avian metapneumovirus in boiler chicks by ELISA test

430

Evaluate of Histopathologic Liver Spoils on the Broiler Chicken Slaughter in Boukan Slaughters

431

CLINICO-PATHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF ASCITES IN BROILER CHICKENS

432

Prevalence of Haemoproteus infection in pigeons (Columba livia domestica) referred to the avian clinic of the faculty of veterinary medicine, University of Tehran

439

Effects of different levels of dietary crude protein and lysine to protein ratio on performance of broilers

23

Wedensday, February 22, 14:00-17:00 Board Number 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59

60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72

Code 440 445 456

Description Effects of Cereal Type, Enzyme and Sodium Butyrate Addition on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits and Intestinal Morphology of Broilers The effect of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Scrophularia striata on E.coli under Invitro and Invivo conditions Determine the H9N2 avian influenza viral shedding in the feces of broiler chicken in various time post inoculation

460

The survey of effects of Nanosilver in Coccidiosis

463

Phylogenetic analysis of hemagglutinin gene of subtypes H5 and H7 of avian influenza A viruses

465

The presence of Enterobacters (E.Coli and Salmonella spp.) and antibiotic resistance in industrial

466

Comparison the effects of commercial prebiotic on performance, egg quality and antibody titre Influenza and Newcastle in laying hen

467

Isolating and identifyng of bacterials, contaminating building and poultry equipment in Ilam province, before grower and surveying their antibiotic resistance

472

Sequence analaysis of NADH oxidase (nox) gene in Iranian Brachyspira Isolates

474

The Effect of Aloe Extract on Growth Promotion and Immune System of Broiler Chickens

482 484

INFLUENCE OF GRADED LEVELS OF NONPHYTATE PHOSPHORUS AND PHYTASES ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND SERUM CHEMISTRY OF GROWING BROILERS Effect of different levels of Selenium supplement on performance and Glutathione Peroxidase activity of laying hens under heat stress condition

486

Salmonellosis in poultry flocks around Sari, Mazandaran

490

Effects of Increasing Lysine Levels on Carcass Yields of Male and Female Arian broilers

491

Effect of Prebiotic (Bio-MOS) on Broiler Breeder Performance and Immunity System

492

Serologic study of Neospora caninum infection in back-yard chickens from Ahvaz

493

First Report of Leucosis with Amyloidois in a Free-Living Common Magpie (Pica pica)

498

Evaluation of the effects of Protexin on the performance and ND and AI antibody titer in ostrich chicks

507 509 511 514

EFFECT VOF DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF VITAMINE A ON THE CHICK BROILER EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT Effects of Zinc Supplementation on Performance, and Immune response in Broiler Chickens Coordination of ERIC-PCR DNA fingerprints and antimicrobial resistance patterns in Escherichia coli isolates obtained from different lesions of Colibacillosis and feces of apparently healthy chickens Morphological Evaluation of Metatarsus and Phalanges in Ostrich

24

Wedensday, February 22, 14:00-17:00 Board Number 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90

Code

Description

515

Anatomical Assessment of The First and Second Cervical Vertebrae in Ostrich

518

Study on the in ovo inoculation of B-Complex on embryonic growth and hatchability

519

Occurrence of Myxosarcom in Nymphycus Hollandicus

521

Influence of plant DCP in comparison with mineral DCP on tibia calcification and blood ca and p concentrations of 21- days old Broiler chicks.

525

Morphologic Assessment of The Digestive Tract in African Grey Parrot

526

The Anatomical Evaluation of Humerus, Radius and Ulna in African Grey Parrot

527

Using sentinel for detection virus circulation(H5N2 and VVNDV)in the bird Garden

529

Study of the effect of acidifiers and probiotics on the Salmonella Enteritidis colonization in broiler chicks

534

Study on Mechanisms and Biochemical Changes Associated with Ascites Syndrome in Cobb Broilers

536

Outbreak of Atypical Fowl Pox in backyard local Broiler Chickens in Tabriz, Northwest of Iran

541 544

Evaluation Effect of ZnO Nonoparticles injection in broiler eggs on Embryonic Growth and Hatchability Study of the joint administration of Hipraviar SHS with respiratory vaccines for preventing Newcastle disease and Infectious Bronchitis .

545

Sustainable Poultry Industry development in Georgia

546

The influence of adding a beneficial bacteria-enzyme mixture to the laying hen manure, on the production of ammonia nitrogen.

547

Effects of dietary inclusion of probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic on immune status of broilers

551

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the ostrich embryonated egg

557 558

Purpose of using of herbal supplements as decreasing and prophylactic agents for raising and producing farm-healthy eggs in laying hens Investigation the serological status and performance of broiler breeder flocks infected with Avian pneumovirus

25

Thursday, February 23, 8:30-11:30 Board Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

Code 559 560

Description Study of clinical status, production and serological indices in northwest of Iran broilers infected with Newcastle disease Evaluation of susceptibility of the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae (Acari: Dermanyssidae) to some Acaricides in filed populations from North West of Iran

563

The effect of vitamin E on cell-mediated immunity in broiler chickens

568

Effect of light intensity on the antibody response from Newcastle disease vaccination in broiler chicken

570

Effects of two light intensity programs on heterophil/lymphocyte ratio in broiler chicken

574

Evaluation of pellet and mesh diets on blood cells (WBC, RBC) and hematocrit in broiler chickens

575 577 578 579 580 583 584

Serological investigation of five disease influenza, newcasle, salmonella, Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae in native hens of Eghlid Mortality rate of Avian Ifluenza in broiler in Azari and Eastern Zagros region from Iran’s climatical classification Mortality rate of Infectious bronchitis in broiler in Azari and Eastern Zagros regions from Iran’s climatical classification Mortality rate of Avian Ifluenza in broiler in Iran Markazy and Systani region from Iran’s climatical classification Mortality rate of Infectious bronchitis in broiler in Iran Markazy and Systani region from Iran’s climatical classification Effects of in ovo administration of guanidino acetic acid on hatching parameters and chicks performance of broiler breeder eggs In ovo administration of guanidino acetic acid in broiler breeder eggs on small intestinal pH and morphology

586

In ovo feeding research in Iran: A Review

587

Various lighting program affects on heterophil/lymphocyte ratio in broiler chicks

593

Effects of Dietary Phytase, Calcium and Phosphorus on Bone Characteristics of Broilers During Experimental Coccidiosis

596

Broiler Breeder males shank Lengths and it’s effects on Fertility and Hatchability Performances

600

The effect of date pits on blood parameters in broiler chicken

601

The effects of Hemicll enzyme on performance in broiler chicken feed diets containing date pits.

602

Increasing Lysine Density in Starter Period Improves Broiler Live Weight

603

Prevalence of Salmonella infection in broiler flocks in the vicinity of Ghaemshahr, Mazandaran

604 605 607 610 612

Performance of laying hens fed diets with different phosphorous levels and multi-enzyme supplementation Efficacy of sulfadimethoxine + trimethoprime on performance of broiler chickens involved with colibacillosis: a field trial A survey on prevalence of tumors , septicemia , cachexia and toxicity in poultry carcasses slaughtered in poultry Slaughterhouses of Mazandaran province in 2007-2010, Iran. The effect of Water Extract of Iranian Sumach (Rhus coriaria L.) and Zataria multiflora Boiss. Essential oil on the Shelf Life of Raw Broiler meat at 4 degree centigrade A Trichomoniasis outbreak in a partridge (Alectoris graeca) flock at Tehran province-Iran: a case report

26

Thursday, February 23, 8:30-11:30 Board Number 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37

38 39 40 41 42 43

Code 615 619 620 621 628 631 632 636 637

Description Heavy Infestation of a Domestic Canary (Serinus canaria domestica) with Tropical Fowl Mite (Ornithonyssus bursa) Assessment of the Macroscopic and Microscopic effects of the different routes of administration of a live Newcastle Disease vaccine on chicken trachea The effecteds of different levels of full fat canola seed with and without enzyme on blood parameters on broilers. Measurement of Avian Influenza, Newcastle Disease and Infectious Bronchitis Virus Antibody Titers in Broiler Flocks During Respiratory Disease Out break. Clinical evaluation of sedative effects of Intranasal xylazine administration in Pigeon The evaluation of hematological factors and prevalence of intestinal and hematological parasites in cage finch of Shahrekord province Metarhizium anisopliae: An effective alternative to chemical acaricides against fowl tick Argas persicus The effect of dietry of supplementation of Black caraway on crude protein and ether extract percent and meat quality in broiler chickens Investigating the Possibility of Breeding Broiler Ducklings in the Paddy Farms and also Caspian Basin Region of the Mazandaran Province

647

Evaluation of interactions in prescribed drugs by poultry Veternarians in Mazandaran Province

650

Evaluation of the effect of Zataria multiflora essence on humoral Immunity of broilers

651

Effects of dietary supplementation of organic acids combinationson performance and immune system of broiler chickens

652

A survey of Salmonella infection among hatcheries located in north and west of Iran

653

Different level of synbiotic injection effects into broiler breeder eggs on hatching parameters, chick performance and small intestine

654

Effect of Butyric acid on the performanceand serum lipids profile of broiler chickens

656 659

Effect of Lemon balm extract in drinking water on blood cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL-c contents and carcass characteristics in broiler chickens A case report of mixed digestive-pulmonary disease (pneumo-enterotoxaemia) in fed-lot ostrich breeding herds from Tehran and Qazvin

44

663

Lymphosarcoma in a mynah

45

665

PCR detection of Campylobacter spp. from faecal samples of cage birds in Shahrekord, Iran

46

668

Histologic assessment of Eyes in African Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus)

671

Effect of different levels of thyme extract on performance of broilers chickens fed wheat-based diets (whole and ground)

673

Effect of Sequential Feeding of Wet and Dry Whole Wheat on Immune Responses of Broiler Chicks

47 48 49 50

674 675

Influence of intensity and initiation time of early feed restriction on performance and blood biochemical parameters of broiler chicks Comparative assessment of antibiotic sensitivity of E.coli's strains in colisepticaemia disease in broiler chickens

27

Thursday, February 23, 8:30-11:30 Board Number

Code

Description

51

676

Effect of supplemental lipotropic agents on performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chicks fed on high-energy diets

52

677

Beauveria bassiana: An effective alternative to chemical acaricides against fowl tick Argas persicus

53

678

54

679

55

680

56

681

57

682

58

683

59

684

60

686

61

687

62

688

Evaluation of broiler performance in pen and longitudinal systems

63

689

Histological Study of Eyes in Common Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus)

64

693

Characteristics of carcass condemnations in a Poultry abattoir in Quchan, Khorasan Razavi, Iran.

65

696

Detection of a New Tapeworm Species, Cladotaenia nipalensis from a Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis) in Iran

66

701

Causes of condemnation at processing plantsin south of Iran

67

710

A Survey effect of FOSBAC on Antibiogram of separated E.coli refer carcasses from broiler farm in Saqqez city clinics in 2009 to 2011

68

716

The influence of dietary threonine on immune response of broiler chicks

69

717

EFFECTS OF TEGACID SUPPLEMENTATION ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKS

70

721

Occurrence of Tetrameres spp infection in a flamingo

71

723

72

724

73

727

Effect of dietary supplementation of organic acids on performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chicks fed on diets with different crude protein levels Influence of duration of early feed restriction on immune function, jejunal morphology and ileal microflora of broiler chickens Effect of duration of early feed restriction on performance and blood biochemical parameters of broiler chicks Immunocompetence of broiler chicks as affected by dietary arginine and zinc interaction Influence of dietary supplementation with Echinacea powder on egg quality, yolk oxidative stability and serum biochemical parameters in laying hens Influence of dietary selenomethionine supplementation on antibody responses, egg quality indexes and egg yolk oxidative stability in laying hens fed diets with different fat sources Prevalence of Kidney Disorders Diagnosed by Conventional Radiography in African Gray Parrot PCR Detection of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale respiratory infection in broiler chickens from Shahrekord, Iran Interactive effects of dietary arginine by methionine on performance and carcass measurements in Ross broiler chicks

Comparison Of Three Routs Of Corynebacterium Injection; IV, IA, SC For Induction Of Articular Lesions in Broilers Heavy infection by contracaecum spp in a Great Cormorant ( phalacrocorax carbo) Influence of diets adequate or marginal in available phosphorus and supplemented with phytase on the production performance of laying hens near the end of second production phase

28

Thursday, February 23, 8:30-11:30 Board Number 74 75 76

Code 729 730 731

77 732 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90

734

Description Water quality analysis (Microbiological, Physical and chemical) used for Guilan's Broiler Farms During 2009 – 2011 Study of Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of drugs, streptomycin, tetracycline, erythromycin and cotrimoxasol on growth and special oxidase activity on Campylobacter jejuni in poultry EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF ASCORBIC, CITRIC AND ACETIC ACIDS ON ASCITES SYNDROME IN BROILER CHICKENS REARED IN THE HIGH ALTITUDE THE EFFECTS OF BIOMIN CONTAINING PROBIOTICS AND PREBIOTICS ON PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS AND IMMUNE RESPONSE AGAINST NEWCASTLE VACCINE Isolation and identification of a new isolate of avian infectious bronchitis virus IRFIBV32 and a study of its pathogenicity

736

Effect of Cu nano particle on body weight and hatchability after in ovo injection

745

Encephalomalacia in a green parrot .

747 748

PCR-restriction fragment length analysis of ITS 1 region for identification of toxigenic fungi in poultry feed Avian influenza H9N2 viruses: comparison of DNA and inactivated vaccines to induce immunity in farm

750

Virulence determination of Escherichia coli isolates from poultry by lethality test in day-old chicks

751

Identification of canarypox virus using histopathological and molecular assays

753

Special immune response of broiler fed Sodium Butyrate (Na-B)

754

Determinating the frequency and types of coliforms in egg shell and egg yolk in different stages

755

IMPACT OF VITAMIN E DEPLETION ON NUTRITIONAL ENCEPHALOMALICIA IN CHICKS

756 758 760

Molecular detection of bla TEM gene among fecal isolates of Escherichia coli from cage birds in central regions of Iran PCR detection of bla CTX-M gene among fecal isolates of Escherichia coli from pigeons in center of Iran ILEAL AND EXCRETA PROTEIN DIGESTIBILITY LEVELS DIFFERENT OF POULTRY BYPRODUCT MEAL FOR BROILER CHICKEN IN COMPARISON INDEPENDED

29

Thursday, February 23, 12:00-15:00 Board Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

Code

Description

762

Compendium of Measures to Control Chlamydophila psittaci Infection among Humans and Pet Birds

765

Effect of soy isoflavones on growth performance and some carcass characteristics in young broiler chicks

767

Concurrent Infestation with Dermanyssus gallinae and Menopon gallinae

768

An outbreak of aspergillosis in a flock of farmed ostriches (struthio camelus spp)

769

PCR detection of Escherichia coli harboring extended-spectrum β-lactamases of the CTX-M gene in faecal samples of cage birds in central regions of Iran

771

Effect of litter and relative humidity on respiratory disease of broiler chickens

773

Effects of some herbal extract as antimicrobial agent on poultry pathogenic bacteria

775 777

Molecular detection of TEM-derived ESBLs in E. coli: An epidemiological study in fecal isolates of Escherichia coli from pigeons in central regions of Iran DETERMINATION OF PROTEIN AND ENERGY QUALITY LEVELS OF POULTRY BYPRODUCT MEAL IN BROILER CHICKENS

778

Evaluation methods of cell-mediated immunity response in birds

780

Threonine- methionine post hatch feeding in broiler chicks and the effects on function and growth rate

781

Gout induced affects by methionine- lysine- threonine and arginine amino acids in 1day broiler chicks

782 783 786 787

A Serological study of Newcastle disease outbreak in broiler flocks by ELISA and HI Tests in Bushehr Province Sex differentiation base on Multiplex-PCR techniques comparing with LH and FSH serum levels in vulturine Guinea fowl (Acryllium vulturinum) Molecular detection of avian adenovirus in broiler flocks with inclusion body hepatitis (IBH), liver lesions and respiratory syndrome in Northeast Iran The effects of nano-silver on performance, carcass characteristics, immune system and intestinal microfelora of broiler chickens

790

Effect of lighting programs on performance by heat stress in Broiler chickens

791

Effect of lighting programs on Broiler Chickens Lymphoid Organs in heat stress

792

Effect of lighting programs on humoral immune by heat stress in Broiler chicken

795 797 798

Nucleotide and deduced sequence analysis of VP2 gene of chicken infectious anemia virus circulating in commercial broiler farms of Northeast Iran Co-incidence of severe copper deficiency and sudden death due to spontaneous rupture of carotid artery may indicate carotid dissection (aneurysm) in an ostrich Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Newcastle Disease Virus Circulating in Broiler Flocks of Northeast Iran

800

Isolation and Molecular Pathotyping of Newcastle Disease Virus from Ostrich Flocks of Northeast Iran

803

The study of mycoplasmic contamination in commercial layer flocks in Tehran province

804

Identification of Eimeria spp in industrial poultry flocks in Tehran province of Iran

806

Effect of breeder flock age and brooding (litter) temperature on broiler feed consumption, body weight and mortality.

30

[[

Thursday, February 23, 12:00-15:00 Board Number 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52

Code

Description

807

Serous Cystadenoma in four farmed ostriches (Struthio Camelus spp)

809 811 817

The Survey of Prevalence of new influenza disease type H9N2 in South Khorasan poultry farming during 1389, and strategies for preventing it Surgical removal of metallic foreign bodies from abdomen and gizzard of a pet chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) Influence of fat source and supplementation of the diet with vitamin E and vitamin C on yolk fatty acid profile, oxidative stability and egg sensory taste of Single Comb White Leghorn Laying hens

823

Genotyping of Clostridium perfringens isolated from healthy chickens in Iran

825

Pilot production of a bivalent Newcastle disease (La Sota) and infectious bronchitis (H-120) live vaccine

826

The effect of in-feed flavophospholipol on intestinal morphology of broiler chickens

827

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Drug-Resistance in Broiler flocks of Hamedan province, West of Iran(2010-2011)

829

Bacterial Vegetative Endocarditis associated with renal emboli, A case report.

831 833 834

The Effect of dried Aerial Part Powder of Ferulago angulata Sub. Careuchorum on Total Serum Antioxidant Activities in Broiler Chicks The effect of different levels of vitamin E on serum antibody titers against Newcastle disease vaccine in broiler chickens The Retrospective Study on prevalence rate of Poultry Diseases Referred to Veterinary clinic of Shahrekord University

838

Diagnostic imaging of celomic granuloma in Pigeon (Columba livia): Successful surgical Ablation

840

Isolation and molecular identification of potential probiotic lactobacil bacteria from native hens in East Azabaijan(Marand regions).

841

Coliforms and Fecal E-coli Counts of Water of Some Broiler Farms in Takestan City by MPN Method

844 851 855 859 860

PCR detection of Escherichia coli O157 and O45 in fecal isolates of Escherichia coli from pigeons in central regions of Iran Protective Effect of Enterotoxemia Vaccine in Reduction of the Incidence and Mortality Rate of Enterotoxemia in Ostrich Flocks A case-series study on condemned poultry carcasses in the Mazandaran province during 2006-2011 Identification of a novel genotype of infectious bronchitis virus among commercial broiler chicken flocks in East Iran Drug resistance patterns of Salmonella isolates from poultry farms in the vicinity of Chalus, Mazandaran

861

Antimicrobial resistance profile of Salmonella isolates from poultry flocks around Lahijan, Gilan

862

Comparison the effect of medicinal plants on serum lipids and immune system in broiler chicks

863 865

Comparison the effects of medicinal plants on carcass characteristics, serum lipids and immune system in broiler chicks Effect of Medicinal Plant, Antibiotic and Probiotic on Microbial Population, Intestinal Morphology and Performance of Broilers

866

Evaluation of Dietary Olive Leaf on Cardiovascular System in Broiler Chickens

867

Comparison the effect of medicinal plants on growth performance of broiler chickens

31

Thursday, February 23, 12:00-15:00 Board Number 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64

Code 868 869 870 871 872 55

Description The Effect of Garlic Herb in Comparison with Organic Selenium and Vitamin E on Carcass Fat and Performance of Broilers The Effects of Commercial Herbal and Chemical Medicines on Abdominal Fat, Immune System and Percent of Viability of Broilers Challenged with Infectious Bronchitis Virus The Effect of Olive Leaf as Medicinal Plant Supplementation on Carcass Charactristics and Mortality in Broiler Chickens The Effects of Allium sativum L., Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Bunium persicum (Boiss.), Matricaria chammomilla, Achillea millefolium L, Eucalyptus globulus L Extract and Antibiotic Virginiamycin on Broiler Performance The Effects of Mentha longifolia, Petroselinum crispum, Ocimum basilicum L., Anethum graveolens L, Allium sativum L and Coriandrum sativum L, powder on Broiler growth Performance Survey for the detection of antibodies against newcastle viruses and avian influenza viruses with style HI at sparrows and crows of the avicultures around of Qazvin province

778

Evaluation methods of cell-mediated immunity response in birds

80

Comparison of chest weight of pure and mixed races Parvazi 30-day Squabs

81

Comparison of chest weight of pure and mixed races Tizpar 30-day Squbs

82 809 854

Comparison of carcass weight of pure and mixed races Tizpar 30-day Squabs The Survey of prevalence of new influenza disease type H9N2 in South Khorasan poultry farms during 1389 and prevention strategies

Isolation and identification of E. coli from commercial chicken in Khozestan province

32

Keynote Speeches

33

Current situation of avian influenza in Iran and around the world Mehdi Vasfi Marandi, DVM, MVSc., Ph.D Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

Abstract Zoonotic avian influenza is an important disease in Asia and Middle East countries since 1997, when H5N1 and H9N2 subtypes of avian influenza viruses (AIV) were transmitted to human being by breaking specific barriers. Both H5N1 and H9N2 subtypes caused sever influenza and influenza like symptoms in infected peoples respectively. These subtypes became enzootic in some South Eastern countries of Asia such as Vietnam, China and Indonesia as well as Near Meddle East countries like Egypt. The H9N2 subtype of AIV was detected firstly in 1998 in poultry industry of Iran and several outbreaks has been reported till now. The H5N1 subtype was detected in migratory swans in 2005, backyard chickens in 2006 and commercial ducks in 2011 in winter residence of migratory birds in north of Iran. Based on the information of Ministries of Agriculture and Health, no H5N1 bird flu case was detected in both human or poultry industry of Iran. At present, the all grant parent and breeder flocks of Iran follow a vaccination schedule, programmed by veterinary organization of Iran. Unfortunately, despite of massive vaccination of breeder flocks, the H9N2 strains continues to circulate about in all province of Iran. The vaccines used for H9N2 infections in poultry industry of Iran are produced by locally or imported from international vaccine companies. There is not any special regulation for application, production and/or importation of inactivated or recombinant live vaccines of H5 or H7 subtypes in Iran. Based on the detection of H5N1 subtype of AIV in north of Iran, Iranian poultry industry are presently in risk of HPAI outbreaks. Keywords: Avian influenza virus, biosecurity, diagnosis; Eradication; vaccination Introduction Avian influenza virus (AIV) infections can be a devastating viral disease causing enormous losses in the poultry industry worldwide. Since the re-emergence of the H5N1 subtype of AIV in 2003 in Asia, Africa, the Pacific Region, Europe and the Middle East, the H5N1 virus has become endemic in some countries and continues to cause outbreaks in poultry. More importantly, it is now causing sporadic human infections that are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates (4). Conventional control strategies are based mainly on surveillance, stamping out of infected flocks, movement restriction, and enforcement of biosecurity measures (18). However, in developed countries there was not any big worry in their infrastructure. Nevertheless, in developing countries with their poor infrastructure, there were losses due to spread of the infection estimated by several billions of culled birds, and the disease become endemic in many infected countries. Vaccination as a supportive tool in AIV control strategies was implemented to limit the spread of H5N1 in some Far East countries such as China and Pakistan and to reduce the losses (8,10). Different types of vaccines are already in use that decrease shedding of the virus, morbidity, mortality, transmissibility; increase flock resistance and decrease egg production (18,23). The World Health Organization (WHO) is coordinating the global response to human cases of H5N1 avian influenza and monitoring the corresponding threat of an influenza pandemic. The cumulative number of cases of H5N1 virus infections reported to WHO until 29 January 2012, was 566 with 304 subsequent deaths, accounting for 60% mortality rate (34). The 2006 was the year with the highest number of reported cases and a case fatality ratio of 63% (33). The reported number of cases declined after that, probably reflecting the successful monitoring and detection of infections in poultry and humans. Fatality rates were high in all age of human being, but were the highest in persons between 10 and 39 years of age, regardless of their sex. Avian influenza disease due to H9N2 subtype in poultry during later part of the 1990s has been noticeably increased worldwide. The H9N2 subtype outbreaks occurred in domestic ducks, chickens and turkeys in Germany during 1995 and 1998; chickens in Italy in 1994 and 1996; pheasants in Ireland in 1997; ostriches in South Africa in 1995; turkeys in USA in 1995 and 1996; and chickens in Korea and China in 1996-2006. More recently, H9N2 viruses have been reported in middle eastern countries and have been responsible for widespread and serious disease problems in commercial chickens in Iran, Pakistan, United Arab Emirates, occupied Palestine (Israel) and Saudi Arabia (16,26). The H9N2 subtype virus has been broken the human barrier by causing influenza like symptoms in infected peoples. This review paper 34

specially focus in genetic determinants of H5N1 and H9N2 subtypes of AIVs, and role of vaccine antiviral drugs in control of Avian influenza diseases (24). The H9N2 subtype has been isolated by Vasfi Marandi and Bozorgmehri fard in 1998 and H5N1 viruses have been reported in 2005 in swans, 2006 in backyard chickens, and 2011 commercial ducks in north of Iran by veterinary organization of Iran (24). The interested clinicians and researches have been invited to address new avian influenza book authored by Mehdi Vasfi Marandi that published by University of Tehran press in 2012. Genetic characterisation of circulating H5N1 viruses The hemagglutinin sequences of circulating influenza A (H5N1) viruses are classified into distinct clades. Recent human clade 1 infections, have been limited to Cambodia, Thailand and Viet Nam. Clade 2.1 viruses, have continued to circulate in poultry and have caused human infections in Indonesia. While clade 2.2 viruses, have the most diverse distribution, with outbreaks in birds in over 60 countries in Africa, Asia and Europe and human infections in Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, China, Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Nigeria, Pakistan and Turkey. Clade 2.3.4 viruses, have been responsible for human infections in China, Laos Myanmar and Viet Nam. Since September 2008, human infections have been limited to China, Viet Nam, Cambodia, Egypt and Indonesia (1). A number of recent reports highlight the importance of mutations in H5N1 subtype of AIVs, indicating that these genetic variations may increase the possibility of a new pandemic. Influenza viruses are inherently unstable, due to their segmented RNA genome and the lack of a genetic proofreading mechanism that allows undetected errors that occur during replication. Since the first documentation of human infection with H5N1 subtype AIVs in 1997, the virus has undergone several changes. These changes have influenced the patterns of virus transmission and have spread amongst domestic and wild birds. Human infections are still considered a relatively uncommon event as the virus does not spread easily from birds to humans or from human to human. (20). The H5N1 viruses have not yet demonstrated the capacity for efficient and sustained human-tohuman transmission, although limited transmission is believed to be the cause of some family clusters of cases (110). Since those sporadic family clusters of H5N1 cases, may be the first suggestion of a viral or epidemiologic change, they are being thoroughly investigated in order to determine any direct human-tohuman transmission of the virus (35). Such clusters involving highly probable human-to-human transmission have been documented in Egypt, China, Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia and Pakistan (6,12). Furthermore, it was recently observed that undetected H5N1 cases might be occurring in Egypt, given the unusual agespecific and sex-specific case incidence and fatality rates, which can be partly attributed to the existence of undetected fatal or non-fatal atypical or asymptomatic human H5N1 infections (12). Asymptomatic human infections with H5N1 have been also reported from China, Vietnam, Japan, Thailand, and Korea (22). Tumpey et al., who reconstructed the H1N1 virus of 1918, have identified a number of common points between Spanish H1N1 and recent H5N1 subtype of AIVs. It was concluded that it is especially the polymerase (PA, PB1 &PB2), the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes that caused the extreme virulence and that the sequences of the polymerase proteins of the 1918 virus differ by only 10 amino acids from the AIVs (20). Human forms of seven out of the 10 amino acids have already been identified in currently circulating H5N1 viruses. It is likely that the other mutations will eventually emerge and make the H5N1 virus better suited for human-to-human transmission. Another important factor is the change of the HA protein to a binding preference for alpha 2,6 sialic acid, which is the major form in the human respiratory tract. In AIVs, the HA protein preferentially binds to alpha 2,3 sialic acid, which is the major form in the avian enteric tract. It has been shown that only a single amino acid change can result in the change of this binding preference. Altogether, it seems that only a few mutations are needed to make the H5N1 subtype of AIV, as a pandemic virus, with possible mortality rates resembling the rates of the Spanish flu, which killed over 40 million people worldwide. The H1N1 Spanish virus, was initially an AIV, like the H5N1 (19). Genetic characterisation of circulating H9N2 viruses During the last two decades, antigenic and genetic analyses of H9N2 isolates showed their gradual and complex evolution. Several distinct sublineages from the Eurasian lineage have become established in 35

domestic birds. Phylogenetic and genotypical analysis revealed that H9N2 viruses have undergone extensive reassortments to generate multiple novel genotypes with gene segments from different lineages. Notably, previous studies of the phylogenetic diversity of H9N2 viruses have focused on limited periods, regions, hosts or viral lineages, and detailed characteristics of H9N2 viruses have not been well defined. Moreover, H9N2 viruses have evolved into many different lineages and sublineages, but how many genotypes actually exist within H9N2 viruses is still unclear. Some lineages and sublineages have been recognized, such as the Ck/Bei-like lineage and G1 sublineag (14).. Dong et al., (2011), performed a large-scale sequence analysis of 571 viral genomes from the NCBI Influenza Virus Resource Database, representing the spectrum of H9N2 influenza viruses isolated from 1966 to 2009. They demonstrated a panoramic framework for better understanding the genesis and evolution of H9N2 influenza viruses, and for describing the history of H9N2 viruses circulating in diverse hosts. Panorama phylogenetic analysis of the eight viral gene segments revealed the complexity and diversity of H9N2 influenza viruses. The 571 H9N2 viral genomes were classified into 74 separate lineages, which had marked host and geographical differences in phylogeny. Panorama genotypical analysis also revealed that H9N2 viruses include at least 98 genotypes, which were further divided according to their HA lineages into seven series (A–G). Phylogenetic analysis of the internal genes showed that H9N2 viruses are closely related to H3, H4, H5, H7, H10, and H14 subtypes of AIVs. Their results indicated that H9N2 viruses have undergone extensive reassortments to generate multiple reassortants and genotypes, suggesting that the continued circulation of multiple genotypical H9N2 viruses throughout the world in diverse hosts has the potential to cause future influenza outbreaks in poultry and epidemics in humans (5). Genetic characterisation of circulating H9N2 viruses in Iran Several researchers in Iran, Karimi et al., Pourbakhsh et al., Ghalyanchi et al., Noroozian et al., Moosakhani et al., Pazani et al., Ghadi et al., Toroghi et al., Kianizadet et al., Shooshtari et al., Dadras et al., Bozrgmehrifard et al., Nili et al., Seyfiabad et al., Vatandour et al., Ebrahimi et al., analyzed different external and internal genes of H9N2 viruses related to different provinces of Iran (2,13,14,15,16,17,24,25,28). The H9N2 viruses used in their studies, belonged to different years. In a few investigation, they are analysed complete sequence of selected gene. Bashashati and Vasfi Marandi, Emadi and Vasfi Marandi and Golami et al., have recently started to sequence all of 8 genes of two H9N2 AIVs strains isolated in 1998 and 2010. They are analysing the whole genes of given viruses, in order to finds the best H9N2 virus vaccinal strains for future protection of Iranian poultry flocks against the circulating H9N2 viruses. Emadi et al., (2012). were investigated the complete sequences of five NS1 and NS2 genes of various H9N2 strains isolated between 1998 and 2010. Whole sequence of NS genes composed of 890 nucleotides with 230 amino acids. In this regard, only two Iranian strains from GenBank, had 217 amino acids in NS1 protein. It revealed that all Iranian H9N2 strains, subdivided into two distinct sublinages including I & II. Comparative analysis of NS genes of Iranian strains showed that since 2003, it might be originated from Pakistan H7N3 strains; whereas, from 2008, these genes could be originated from Pakistan H9N2 strains. In overall, although the low-pathogenic H9N2 subtype, are permanently circulating from 1998 to date in Iran. However, focusing on NS gene phylogenetic tree of H9N2 strains revealed that in recent years, sublinage II is more circulating in poultry industry of Iran. This epidemiologically variations could be related to vaccination pressure due to of massive vaccination or NS gene reassortment in rural and backyard chickens (9). Antiviral susceptibility of AIVs in the world Until the production of vaccines for prophylaxis against influenza H5N1 virus infection is completed, antiviral drugs are the first line of defence. For the treatment of seasonal influenza, two drug categories are currently commercially available, the neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors: Oseltamivir and Zanamivir, and the matrix protein 2 (M2) inhibitors: Amantadine and Rimantadine. Early administration of these drugs can reduce the severity and duration of humain illness from seasonal influenza viruses (30). Though clinical data related to H5N1 infections are limited, it has been shown that early administration of NA inhibitors can decrease the severity of the disease and increase the prospects of survival. In case of a pandemic, the H5N1 virus is expected to be susceptible to the NA inhibitors. M2 inhibitors could also be administered against pandemic influenza, however, resistance to these drugs may 36

occur rapidly thus reducing their efficacy against the virus. In addition, a high percentage of currently circulating avian influenza H5N1 strains is already fully resistant to those drugs (31). WHO has reserved a certain amount of Oseltamivir for use in the first areas affected by an emerging pandemic virus. Based on mathematical modelling studies, the drugs could be utilised for protection purposes at the beginning of a pandemic in order to delay its international spread and gain time to complete the vaccine supply. Influenza surveillance in the affected areas needs improvement, especially regarding the detection of clusters of cases which are closely related in time and place, in order to increase the chances that WHO's rapid intervention will be successful (3,11). Resistance to antiviral drugs in influenza viruses can emerge following medication or may result from natural variation. Antiviral drugs production in Iran. Despite of activity of the numerous pharmaceutical companies in Iran, no one has not been tried to produce antiviral drugs neither for NA inhibitors nor for M2 blocking. However, regardless of strict surveillance of veterinary organization of Iran in illegal application of amatadine, some minority broiler farmers was used this drug to control H9N2 outbreaks. Beside, there are some reports about resistance of various H9N2 strains against amantadine (24). Avian influenza vaccine development in the world One of the major priorities of WHO is to develop candidate vaccines with representative H5N1 viruses from all currently circulating clades. As of February 2009, a number of H5N1 reassortants have completed the regulatory approval. These reassortants belong to clades 1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3.4 and 4 and have been developed by National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), in United Kingdom; Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in USA; Food and Drug Administration (FDA), in USA; and a consortium of St Jude Children's Research Hospital US, University of Hong Kong, in China and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, in USA. A number of reassortant viruses that belong to clades 2.2, 2.3.2 and 7 are prepared and awaiting regulatory approval and there are two vaccinal viruses including clade 2.3.4 (A/chicken/Hong Kong/AP156/2008) and clade 7 (A/chicken/Viet Nam/ NCDV-03/2008) that have been proposed by WHO for candidate vaccine preparation (32). To date, there are four licensed pre-pandemic and pandemic vaccines in the European Union (EU). The first approved pre-pandemic vaccine is Prepandrix; it is an H5N1 adjuvant vaccine manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) that could potentially protect against a range of different emerging H5N1 strains. The second is Daronrix vaccine, also developed by GSK, which contains inactivated H5N1 virus of the A/Viet Nam/1194/2004 (H5N1) strain. When the WHO declares a pandemic, Novartis is approved by EMEA to adapt Focetria vaccine to contain the pandemic strain. In addition, Baxter's H5N1 vaccine, Celvapan, is the first approved pandemic vaccine that is cell-cultured based. A number of other countries, including US, Australia, Japan and China, also have licensed products (7). Avian influenza control In Iran Vasfi Marandi et al., (27) was formulated an experimental oil-emulsion vaccine was with a ratio of 4 parts oil adjuvant ISA-70 and 1 part formalin inactivated A/Chicken/Iran/ZMT-101(101)/98(H9N2) antigen. Thirty 2-week-old Aryan broilers and thirty two-week-old white Hy-line pullets were vaccinated subcutaneously. The latter was delivered a booster 10 weeks after primary vaccination. All vaccinated and control birds were bled for HI test, at least one week intervals. Half of the birds were challenged via intranasal and intravenous routes with a H9N2 strain at 8 and 27 weeks of age in broiler and layer birds, respectively. A high HI titers were observed in both vaccinated and unvaccinated birds, when examined at 2 weeks post challenge (PC). Viral isolation or shedding from tracheal and cloacal swaps of both vaccinated broiler and layer was decreased at 2 weeks PC, as compared with unvaccinated control birds. All control birds became morbid, and egg production decreased on day 3 PC. The results suggested that the inactivated oil-emulsion H9N2 AI vaccine may be protects both chickens against viral shedding and egg drop in field conditions. Zamani et al., (29) compared the efficacy of different local and imported killed H9N2 vaccines in expermentall infection in broiler chicken. At present, the all grant parent and breeder flocks of Iran follow a vaccination schedule, programmed by veterinary organ izayion of Iran. Unfortunately, despite of massive vaccination of breeder flocks, the H9N2 strains continues to circulate about in all province of Iran. 37

Prevention, control and/or eradication are three different goals dealing with both avian influenza (AI) due to H5 and H7 subtypes or velogenic Newcastle disease (vND) outbreaks in commercial poultry of Iran. These goals are achieved through various strategies developed using components of education, biosecurity measures, surveillance and diagnostic activities. The preferred outcome for highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) and velogenic Newcastle disease has been stamping out polices, for which the veterinary organization of Iran, as regulatory authority, has responsibility to declare an emergency and performs the immediate elimination and/or eradication of poultry farms with high mortality suspected by each of velogenic NDV or eventual HPAI pathotype of AIVs including H5 and H7 subtypes. Whereas, the preferred strategy to control low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) pathotype of AIV like H9N2 and NDVs are vaccination strategy by inactivated and/or attenuated vaccines. The vaccines used for H9N2 infections in poultry industry of Iran are produced by locally or imported from international vaccine companies. There is not any special regulation for application, production and/or importation of inactivated or recombinant live vaccines of H5 or H7 subtypes in Iran. References 1. Aamir, U.B., U. Wernery, N. Ilyushina, and R.G. Webster; 2007; Characterization of avian H9N2 influenza viruses from United Arab Emirates 2000 to 2003. Virol 361:45-55 2. Banani, M., R. Momayez, S.A. Pourbakhsh, H. Goodarzi, and M.A. Bahmani-Nejad; 2002; Simultaneous isolation of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheal and avian influenza virus subtype H9N2 from commercial poultry. Iranian J Vet Res 3:190-195. 3. Crusat M, de Jong MD. (2007). Neuraminidase inhibitors and their role in avian and pandemic influenza. Antivir Ther. 2007;12(4 Pt B):593-602. 4. Capua, I., and D. J. Alexander. 2004. Avian influenza: Recent developments. Avian Pathol. 33:393–404. 5. Dong, G , Jing Luo, Zhang, H., Wang, C., et al., (2011). Phylogenetic Diversity and Genotypical Complexity of H9N2 Influenza A Viruses Revealed by Genomic Sequence Analysis. PLoS ONE 6(2): e17212. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0017212. 6. Dudley JP. Age-specific infection and death rates for human A(H5N1) avian influenza in Egypt. Euro Surveill. 2009;14(18):pii=19198. Available from: http://www. Eurosur veillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=19198 7. European Medicines Agency. (Homepage on the internet). Available from: http://www.emea.europa.eu/ 8. EFSA. 2008. Animal health and welfare aspects of avian influenza and the risk of its introduction into the EU poultry holdings. EFSA J. 715:1–161. 9. Emadi, SH., Vasfi Marandi, M, and Barin, A., (2012). Molecular characterization of non-structural gene of H9N2 subtype of Avian Influenza Viruses, isolated from broiler chickens in Tehran province between 1998 to 2010. International Journal of Veterinary Research. In publication. 10. Lee, C. W., and D. L. Suarez. 2005. Avian influenza virus: Prospects for prevention and control by vaccination. Anim. Health Res. Rev. 6:1–15. 11. Le MT, Wertheim HF, Nguyen HD, Taylor W, Hoang PV, Vuong CD, et al.(2008) Influenza A H5N1 clade 2.3.4 virus with a different antiviral susceptibility profile replaced clade 1 virus in humans in northern Vietnam. PLoS ONE. 2008;3(10):e3339. 12. Nicoll A. (Yet) another human A(H5N1) influenza case and cluster – when should Europe be concerned?. Euro Surveill. 2008;13(15):pii=18833. Available from: http://www. eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=18833 13. Noroozian, H., Mehdi Vasfi Marandi . (2007). Detection of Avian Influenza Virus of H9 Subtype in the Feces of Experimentally Infected Chickens by RT–PCR. Arch. Razi. Inst. 62: 181-189. 14. Noroozian, H.,Vasfi Marandi, M., Razazian, M. (2007). Detection of avian influenza virus of H9 subtype in the feces of experimentally and naturally infected chickens by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Acta Veterinary Brno, 76: 405-413. 15. Pazani, J., Vasfi Marandi, M., Ashrafi Helan, J and Marjan Mehr, S.H., (2008). Pathological studies of A/Chicken/Iran/ZMT-173/99(H9N2) influenza viruses in commercial chickens of Iran. Internatinal Journal of Poultry Science, 7(5): 502-510. 16. Pourbakhsh, S.A., M. Khodashenas, M. Kianizadeh, and H. Goodarzi; 2000; Isolation and identification of avian influenza virus H9N2 subtype. Arch Raz Inst 51:27-38. 38

17. 18. Shamseddini, M., Vasfi Marandi, M., Pourbakhsh, S.A. (2002). Evaluation of application of immunoperoxidase technique in diagnosis of avian influenza. Archives of Razi Institute. 53: 11-21 19. Swayne, D. E. 2009. Avian influenza vaccines and therapies for poultry. Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 32:351–363. 20. Taubenberger JK, Reid AH, Lourens RM, Wang R, Jin G, Fanning TG. Characterization of the 1918 influenza virus polymerase genes. Nature. 2005;437(7060):889-93. 21. Tumpey TM, Basler CF, Aguilar PV, Zeng H, Soló rzano A, Swayne DE, et al. Characterization of the reconstructed 1918 Spanish influenza pandemic virus. Science. 2005;310(5745):77-80. 22. Ungchusak K, Auewarakul P, Dowell SF, Kitphati R, Auwanit W, Puthavathana P, et al. Probable person-to-person transmission of avian influenza A(H5N1). N Engl J Med. 2005 Jan 27;352(4):333-40. 23. Uyeki TM. Global epidemiology of human infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) viruses. Respirology. 2008;13 Suppl 1:S2-9. 24. Van den Berg, T., B. Lambrecht, S. Marche, M. Steensels, S. Van Borm, and M. Bublo. 2008. Influenza vaccines and vaccination strategies in birds. Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 31:121–165. 25. Vasfi Marandi, M. (2012). Avian influenza diseases, Educational book published by University of Tehran press. Pp:1-314. 26. Vasfi Marandi, M. (2010). Assessment of rapid immunochromatographic assay for detection of avian influenza viruses. International Journal of Veterinary Research. 4 (3) : 183-188. 27. Vasfi Marandi, M., and Bozorgmehri Fard, M. H. (2002). Isolation of H9N2 subtype of avian influenza viruses during an outbreak in chickens in Iran. Iranian Biomedical Journal.6 (1): 13-1. 28. Vasfi Marandi, M., Bozorgmehri Fard, M. H., and Hashemzadeh, M. (2002). Efficacy of inactivated H9N2 avian influenza vaccine against non-highly pathogenic A/Chicken/Iran/ZMT-173/1999 infection . Archives of Razi Institute. 53: 23-31. 29. Vasfi Marandi, M., Pazani, J., Ashrafi Helan, Marjan Mehr, S.H., and Ghods, F (2007). Evaluation of the pathogenicity of avian influenza virus of H9N2 subtype (A/Chicken/Iran/ZMT-173/99(H9N2)) in broiler chicken. Iranian Journal of Virology, 1 (2) : 20-27. 30. Zamani Moghaddam, A. K., Bozorgmehri Fard, M. H., Vasfi Marandi, M., and Tabatabaii, A. M. (2001). Comparative experimental study of immunogenesis of different inactivated H9N2 avian influenza vaccines in broiler chickens. Journal of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, 56 (3):103- 107. 31. World Health Organization. Antiviral drugs: their role during a pandemic .(20050. Available from: http://www.who.int/csr/disease/avian_influenza /antivirals 2005_11_3 32. World Health Organization. Influenza research at the human and animal interface. Report of a WHO working group. WHO: Geneva, Switzerland. (2006). Available from: http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/influenza/WHO,CDS,EPR_GIP_2006_3C. 33. World Health Organization. Antigenic and genetic characteristics of H5N1 viruses and candidate vaccine viruses developed for potential use in human vaccines. February 2009.Available from:http://www.who.int/csr/disease/avian_influenza /guidelines/ 200902 H5 Vaccine VirusUpdate.pdf. 34. WHO-confirmed human cases of avian influenza A(H5N1) infection. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2006;81(26):249-57. 35. World Health Organization. Cumulative number of confirmed human cases of avian influenza A(H5N1) reported to WHO. 15 May 2009. Available from: http://www. who.int/csr/disease/avian influenza/country/cases_ table _200905_15/en/index.html 36. World Health Organization. Guidelines for investigation of human cases of avian influenza A(H5N1). October 2006. Available from: http://www.un.org.vn/who/avian /docs%5CWHOHQ200610.pdf 37. World Health Organization. Antigenic and genetic characteristics of H5N1 viruses and candidate vaccine viruses developed for potential use in human vaccines. February 2009. Available from: http://www.who.int/csr/disease/avian-influenza/guidelines /200902_H5VaccineVirusUpdate.pdf

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Efficacy of different mycotoxins on immune responses of poultry Alireza Khosravi, DVM, MPH, Ph.D Mycology Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Fungi are important spoilage microorganisms of food and feed stuffs during the storage. The natural fungal flora associated with food and feeds is dominated by three genera, aspergillus, fusarium and penicillium, which except for the fusarium plant pathogens, may include commensal as well as pathogens. Toxicogenic fungi release their toxins in food and feed stuffs in exact condition such as specific substrate, humidity & temperature. Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by molds. Of the thousands of existing mycotoxins, there are a few toxins are associated with feed safety challenges to the farm. Overall, the mycotoxins of important in human & animal health are aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fusariotoxins (trichothecenes, zearalenone and fumonisins). They are low molecular weight compounds, with widely varying chemical structures and the mechanism of toxicity varies accordingly. With regard to the effects of these toxic metabolites in avian immune system, recently, many researches have been carried out and we shortly describe the above mentioned subject. Aflatoxins It has been established that aflatoxins, especially AFB1, produced by A. parasiticus & A. flavus, are carcinogenic and hepatoxic agents. Aflatoxins cause a variety of effects in poultry such as poor performance, altered organ morphology, serum biochemistry hematology and immunology. Suppressive effects of cellmediated immunity (CMI) in broiler chicks have been reported by some researchers. CMI was evaluated by T lymphocyte counts, lymphocyte proliferation test and skin-test and function of macrophage and T cells counts exactly decreased by adding aflatoxins in feed ( >1.5mgr /Kgr feed for 14 days). In this condition a significant reduction function in Macrophage & CMI activity should be mentioned. So, increased sensitivity to infectious diseases during aflatoxicosis should be due to impaired CMI. Antibody responses to Pasteurella multicida, Salmonella Pullorum and Newcastle disease virus are normal in low levels of aflatoxins, but by increasing amount of aflatoxins (10ppm), IgY (IgG) and IgA productions can be decreased. AFB1 is also observed to decrease complement activity in various types of birds. It is necessary to mentioned that the suppression of humoral activity requires a much higher dose of aflatoxin than for CMI responses. Molecular-cellular basis and general mechanism responsible for the broad immunosuppressive effects of aflatoxin appears to be directly related to impaired protein synthesis. Aflatoxin is transformed in vivo into active metabolites that bind to DNA and RNA, impair DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity, and inhibit RNA and protein synthesis. Inhibition of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis directly or indirectly impairs the continual proliferation and differentiation of the cells of the lymphoid system; the synthesis of monokines and cytokine polypeptides that regulate the communication network of the immune system; and the synthesis of immunoglobulins and antibodies. Ochratoxins (OT) Another family of mycotoxins produced by penicillium & aspergillus species is OT. OTA, being the most potent toxin and is primarily a nephrotoxin and hepatotoxin. OTA causes depletion of lymphoid cells in the thymus, bursa of Fabricius and spleen of turkey and induced leukocytopenia , and lymphopenia in chickens. The immunosuppressive effects of OTA may vary based on dosage and route of administration. Phagocytic activities and leukomotion of heterophiles are significantly decreased in chickens Fed >76µgr OTA/gr for 28 days. Serum IgG and IgM levels may be decreased in broiler chickens provided 4 ppm ochratoxin in the feed. OTA has a potential to inhibit natural killer cell activity and increase the growth of tumor cells. Ochratoxin has been reported to inhibit protein synthesis of several organisms. It is subsequently proposed that mechanism of depressed immunoglobulin production during ochratoxicosis is related to inhibition of protein synthesis. Tricothecens The Tricothecens are a structurally related group of mycotoxins produced by fusarium species. Because of its acute toxicity, broad immunosuppressive effects and potential use as a biological-chemical warfare agent, T-2 toxin has been the most thoroughly investigated tricothecene mycotoxin. Necrosis and 40

depletion of lymphocytes in the thymus, bursa of Fabricius, and spleen has been reported in T-2 toxintreated chicken (Table 1). The mild necrosis of lymphoid tissue has been described in poultry after treatment with diacetoxyscripenel or deoxynivalenol (DON). T-2 toxin suppresses phagocytic potential of heterophils, monocytes and tissue macrophage and the chickens are high risk to bacterial and viral infections. These toxins can decrease immunoglobulin synthesis and antibody responses in turkey. Table 1: Effect of dietary T2-toxin on white blood cell and differential cell counts (x103 µl) in laying hens (Chowdhury et al., 2005). Diet white blood cells control contaminated Lymphocytes control contaminated B lymphocytes control contaminated CD4+ T cells control contaminated CD8+ T cells control contaminated

Wk 4

Wk 8

Wk 12

17.7 19.0

21.9 24.9

25.9 18.7

9.43 9.85

12.07 13.31

14.18 8.17

2.26 2.10

2.83 2.58

3.57 2.30

5.19 6.09

6.83 7.60

7.37 4.39

1.98 1.66

3.04 3.13

3.24 1.48

Cyclopiazonic Acid Cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) is produced by numerous of Penicillium and Aspergillus. Because of the ubiquity of both fungi in stored grain products, aflatoxin and CPA are frequently present simultaneously. Although numerous studies have reported the immunotoxicologic effects of aflatoxin, little is known about the effects of CPA on immune responses. CPA affects lymphoid necrosis in the bursa of Fabricius of chickens. The authors reported the presence of lymphoid necrosis, decreased mitotic activity in the intestinal epithelium and the presence of cytomegaly in other tissues and suggested that lymphoid depletion and immunosuppression may be associated with impaired DNA and protein synthesis. Antibody response to sheep red blood cells can decrease in rats injected intraperitoneally with CPA. However, CPA treatment has no effect on T cell-mediated delayed hypersensivity response. The results of several studies have thus indicated that CPA may cause immunosuppression. The spectrum of CPA immunosuppressive activity remains unknown. Gliotoxin An immunosuppressive effect of gliotoxin (produced by Aspergillus fumigates) can evaluate in vitro by lymphoblastogenesis assay. There is a significant reduction in peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation in vitro in turkey blood expose to gliotoxin when stimulated with Con A and PHA. The fungus which produces gliotoxin is associated with respiratory disease aspergillosis and turkey is especially susceptible. The immunosuppressive potential of gliotoxin contributes to the pathogenesis of aspergillosis. The differential effects on production of anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin IL-10, and inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor TNF-α and IL-6 (increase levels) at concentrations less than 100 ng gliotoxin/ml has been noted. Effects of multiple mycotoxins on the broiler chickens immune system Feed contamination with multiple toxigenic fungi is common. The combination of mycotoxins in feeds could result in pronounced adverse effects in avian. Effects of dietary concentrations of OTA and T-2 41

toxin, on immune competence of broiler chickens induce significant reduction in weights of thymus (AF and T-2 toxin), and bursa (AF), and antibody titres against NDV and infectious bursal disease. Lymphocytolysis and lymphoid depletion of lymphoid organs can be occurred after feeding Cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) and T-2 toxin to broiler chickens for 28 days. Feeding CPA and T-2 toxin alone or in combination decrease CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte subset populations in thymus and spleen, stimulation index to Con A and haemagglutination inhibition to NDV. The reduction in spleenic and thymus lymphocyte subsets is of concern since there is increased susceptibility of the affected broiler chickens to secondary infections. References 1. Chowdhury SR, Smith TK, Boermans HJ, Woodward B. 2005. Effects of feed-borne Fusarium mycotoxins on hematology and immunology of laying hens. Poult. Sci. 84:1841-1850. 2. Fredic J. Hoerr. 2010. Clinical aspects of immunosupression in poultry. Avian Dis. 54: 2-15. 3. Khosravi AR, Franco M, Mahmoudi M. 2009. Effects of Ochratoxin-A in macrophage function of BALB/c mice. IX international Congress of Mycology & Immunity. 2009, Singapour. Pp:37-44. 4. Magan N, Olsen M. 2008. Mycotoxins in Food. CRC press.

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Effect of Bacillus Toyoi in Broiler Chicken Production Katia Pedrosa*, Roser Dolz Pascual and Marisol Castillo£

*MSc. Technical Manager at Lohmann Animal Health GmbH & Co. KG. Heinz-Lohmann-Strasse 4, 27472 Cuxhaven, Germany. [email protected] ƚ DVM, PhD, CReSA, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain. £ DVM, PhD, Rubinum SA, Av. de la Llana 123, Pol. Ind. La Llana, Rubí, Spain. Abstract It is common to use bacteria resident of the intestinal microflora such as lactobacilli, bifidobacteria and enterococci as probiotics. Currently in the European market the strains approved as probiotics are Bacillus, Enterococcus, Clostridium, Pediococcus and Lactobacillus. In fact, Bacillus species are indigenous to soil, capable of anaerobic growth and fermentation of a wide range of carbohydrates. They withstand elevated as spores and therefore it makes them especially useful as feed additives. Spore of probiotic strains must germinate in the intestinal tract first and be transformed into vegetative cell to have a positive influence. In order to prove the probiotic effect of Bacillus toyoi an in vivo experiment was performed in 264 one day old male broiler chickens. Animals were randomly distributed into two experimental groups: control group (without probiotic) and a treatment group (with supplementation of probiotic Bacillus toyoi). At the end of the trial, supplemented animals with the probiotic had higher body weight and average daily gain during the first period (0 to 21 days), improved feed conversion ratio in 5,6% and 10,9% (day 21 and 35, respectively) compared to the control group, improved gut architecture and at last improved response to vaccination. The use of spores as probiotics particularly Bacillus toyoi has clearly proven its efficacy and reinforced its ability to be used as feed additive. Introduction Feed additives are popular for their diverse activity via different modes of action. Probiotics as feed additives are currently widely utilized in order to modify the microbial population in the digestive tract. According to FAO probiotics are live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host. They require several days to indirectly induce an alteration in the dynamic microbial equilibrium and they are known to aggregate with pathogenic organisms, attach to receptors on the gut willing competition with pathogenic organisms, compete with undesirable microbes for specific nutrients, lower pH through acid formation and modulate the intestinal epithelium. A great number of microorganisms are used as probiotics such as lactic acid bacteria, non-lactic acid bacteria and yeasts and only few microorganism-preparations are authorized in the EU for the use in poultry mainly for broilers but some also for layer hens or turkeys. The extensive research and field work conducted with Bacillus Cereus var. toyoi in several animal species has proven to be remarkable agent in improving feed intake, feed efficiency and growth performance in poultry, swine and ruminants. The objective of the present study was to explain the mode of action of bacterial spore formers as probiotics (Bacillus Cereus var. toyoi) in poultry production and prove the efficacy of such probiotic in feed efficiency, histology and gut modification of broilers chickens and response to vaccination. Material and methods A total of 264 one day old male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were allocated in two pens, containing 22 birds each and 6 replicates. The animals were divided in two groups and had ad libitum access to a standard diet.

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The control group was free of probiotic and the treatment group was supplemented with Bacillus toyoi at 1000 g/ton of feed and both groups were evaluated during two experimental periods (from 0 to 21 days and from 21 to 35 days). Feed intake and individual animal weights was weekly registered per each pen on days 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 and were necropsied to take samples (2 birds per pen). At day 7, four birds per pen were selected, to get enough amount of gut digesta. Birds with the highest and lowest body weight in each pen were selected. Histology After fixation in 10% neutral buffered formaline and embedding in paraffin, tissue sections of ileum and caecum were processed routinely for haematoxilyn/eosin. For each section, villus length, crypt depth, intraepithelial lymphocytes and globet cells quantification were carried out. Serology Antibody titres against IBD virus and IB virus were determined by using a commercial ELISA. Results and Discussion A significant decrease on the average daily feed intake of the animals receiving probiotic was significantly lower in the second part of the experimental period (21 to 35 days) and in the overall trial (-13.60% decrease) (Figure 1).

Figure 1 - Average daily feed intake (g) of the two experimental periods On the other hand, there was a significant improvement of FCR on treated birds with the probiotic. FCR was improved by 5.6% on the first 21 days and by 10.9% during the all experiment (day 0 to 35) (Figure 2).

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Figure 2 - Feed conversion ratio of the two experimental periods Histology The ileal villus height and crypt depth was improved in birds of the treated group at day 7 and therefore, the ileal villus height:cryipt depth ratio was also higher in the probiotic group.

a, b

Values with different letters are significantly different (P0.05). But, body weight gain (BWG) and production efficiency factor (PEF) were significantly (P0.05) between the treatment groups however, addition of Hemicell enzyme to diets resulted in linearly increased glucose concentration of blood (P>0.05). It has been therefore, postulated that addition of Hemicell may ameliorate insulin secretion and glucose absorption by hydrolyzing B-mannan (Zouet al., 2006), and improve energy metabolism. Although addition of Hemicell enzyme to diets resulted in linearly decreased of cholesterol concentration, but this effect was not significant (P>0.05). There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in triglycerides and VLDL concentration between experimental groups. The HDL concentration was significantly different (P0.05). The serum total protein of birds under Flavomycin and Immunofin treatments was higher than the others (P< 0.05). Immunofin and A.max supplemented birds had the lowest level of glucose and cholesterol, respectively (P0.05). Birds rose under blue light had the lower feed consumption and mortality (P>0.05). In regard to immune response, maternal antibody decreasing of birds rose under blue light were slower (P0.05). In conclusion, various wavelengths did not affect bird’s performance significantly. Keywords: Different Wavelength, Performance, Immune Response, Field Study, Broiler

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Efficacy of some anticoccidial drugs in broiler chickens Firouzi S1*, Ranjbar Malidareh N2, Samadi M3, Ranjbar Malidareh N4, Alaeddini A5 Avian Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran; 2Clinician of Private Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Babol, Iran; 3Graduated DVM, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar Branch, Garmsar, Iran; 4Student of Fisheries Engineering, Laboratory Expert, Babol, Iran; 5Graduated DVM, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Corresponding author's email: [email protected] 1

Objectives: To determine the effects of some anticoccidial drugs on broilers performance and the amount of oocyst output, a total number of 180 day-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly divided to 6 groups of 30 birds (2 replicates). The groups were: 1) which did not receive any coccidiostatic drug or oocyst (negative control), 2) which did not receive any coccidiostatic drug but was challenged with oocyst (positive control), 3) Salinomycin 4) Semduramycin 5) Maduramycin and 6) Amprolium + ethopabate. Materials & Methods: Treatment groups received the related coccidiostats from the beginning of the rearing period up to 3 days before slaughter (42 days of age). Birds in all groups (except group 1), were challenged with 3 × 104 E.tenella at day 20. Five days post-challenge, fecal samples were taken and oocyst per gram of feces determined for five consecutive days. By weighing the chicks and their consumed feed, mean of body weight (BW), weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of all groups determined weekly. Results & Conclusion: In comparison with positive group, all treatment groups had significantly difference in BW, WG, FI, FCR and oocyst output. Comparing the performance of treatment groups showed partial improvement of BW and FCR by Amprolium and Semduramycin that wasn’t significant with the others. In addition these two coccidiostats reduced the output of oocyst in comparison with Salinomycin and Maduramycin significantly. These findings indicate that several available compounds are effective at controlling coccidiosis and improving the performance parameters in broiler chickens and Amprolium supplemented group had the best performance. Keywords: Salinomycin, Semduramycin, Maduramycin, Amprolium, Broiler Chicken, Performance, OPG

Effect of dietary Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) on intestine mucosa morphology of broilers chicken Poorbaghi SL*, Habibi H, Yazdani A, Sepehrimanesh M, Nazifi S, Rahmani Far F Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Corresponding author's email: [email protected]

*

Objectives: In small intestine, both villous height and crypt depth are important indicators of broilers digestive health and directly related to the absorptive capacity of mucous membrane. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of ascorbic acid on the intestinal villous morphology. Materials & Methods: Twelve one day old chickens randomly divided into two groups and commercial ascorbic acid as dose as 250 ppm in drinking water was administrated to experimental group for 3 days at the end of production period. On day 45, all chicks in each group were killed by cervical dislocation and morphometric analysis of the intestine was performed. All data were expressed to mean ± SD and were analyzed by one way ANOVA using SPSS version 11.5. Results & Conclusion: All intestinal morphological parameters (except jejunal villous width) were increased in experimental group compare to control group. Increase in villous height in duodenum and jejunum, villous width in ileum and villous surface area in all three parts were significant (P0.05). In regard to Total average of HI titer in group B was higher than group A however wasn’t statistically significant (P>0.05). In conclusion, we can explicate that birds exposed to recommended light intensity of ROSS 308 management guide could have better effect on broilers immune response. Keywords: Light Intensity, Immune Response, Newcastle Disease Vaccine, HI Titer, Broiler Chicken

Effects of two light intensity programs on heterophil/lymphocyte ratio in broiler chickens Mataji Nimvar M1, Haghbin Nazarpak H2*, Bozorgmehri fard MH3, jahani Bahnamiri A1, Goleij Y1 1 Graduated DVM, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar Branch, Garmsar, Iran; 2Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar Branch, Garmsar, Iran; 3Poultry Diseases Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Corresponding author's email: [email protected]

Objectives: Nowadays, one of the main problem in poultry industry of Iran is excessive light intensity in poultry houses. According to the studies, variable light intensity has an interaction on immune systems of the poultry and their stress. Therefore, suitable lightening can improve the rearing factors, immunity status and decrease the stress of the poultry. The aim of this study was to test the effects of different light intensity on the ratio of heterophil/lymphocyte which is one of the factors to assess the stressful condition on poultry. Materials & Methods: For this purpose, 200 day-old broiler chickens were divided in two groups (A,B) and reared under the same lightening program ( 18 light and 6 dark),but the intensity of the light was different between these two groups. Group B had 100 lux and group A was followed as the recommended light intensity of ROSS_308 management guide (30-40 lux for first week and then 5-10 lux up to the end).Ten poultry were chosen to take blood smears on days 1st, 7th, 14th, 21th,28th, 35th and 42th and then the smears were fixed with methanol and stained by Gimsa. Results & Conclusion: By aging of the poultry, group A, opposite of group B, reveal a significantly (p0.05) between diets. Nerveless, blood glucose of bird fed diet containing 20% date pits per kg dry matter of diet, was significantly more than control diet (P0.05). The mean blood glucose was lower in the control group when compared with other treatments. With addition of date pits in diets of broiler chickens blood glucose concentration significantly increased. Overall, the results of the present study indicated that except for glucose, experimental diets had no significant effect on blood parameters. Keywords: Date Pits, Blood Parameters, Broiler Chickens

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The effects of Hemicll enzyme on performance in broiler chickens feed diets containing date pits Masoudi A, Bojarpour M, Chajji M, Rouzegar S, Hosseinzadeh N Department of Animal Sciences, Khouzestan University of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Mollasani, Khouzestan, Iran Corresponding author's email: [email protected]

Objectives: The date seeds are considered a waste product of many date processing plants producing pitted dates, date syrup and date confectionery. Due to the high fiber level of date pits used in diet of poultry industry, it was reported to reduce the availability of nutrients. The main use of enzymes in poultry rations is to improve the efficiency of nutrient utilization. Enzymes added to poultry feed have predominantly been related to the hydrolysis of fiber. The objective of the present study was to assess the effects of Hemicll enzyme on performance in broiler chickens fed with diets containing date pits. Materials & Methods: One hundred and forty-four day-old Ross 308 strain broiler type chicken chicks were randomly assigned to 3 treatments with 4 replicate pens containing 12 birds in each. The chicks received the same basal diet (based on corn-soybean meal and 10% date pits) and Hemicell was added to the basal diet at 0, 50 0, and 1000 gram of Hemicell/kg dry matter (DM), respectively. All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric, and formulated according to nutrient requirements of poultry (NRC, 1994).Records of feed intake and weights were taken on pen basis at the end of every week. Data were analyzed using the general linear models (GLM) procedure of SAS. Results & Conclusion: During the starter phase, feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio for the treatments were no significantly different (p>0.05).Birds fed diet 3 (10 %DP and 1gr/kg Enzyme) had highest weight gain(510 gr) and feed intake (1048 gr) than other diets. Treatment control (diet 1: 10%DP and 0gr/kg Enzyme) had the best of feed conversion ratio (1.91) than other treatments. Also, during the grower phase, feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio there were no significant difference (p>0.05) between treatments. The bi rd fed with diet 3 (10% DP and 1gr/kg Enzyme) had the highest weight gain (1282 gr) and the best feed conversion ratio (2.27)of all diets. Bird fed with diet 2 (10% DP and 0.05gr/kg Enzyme)had lower feed intake (2799 gr) than other diets. The results of this study in total period indicated that feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio were not significantly different (p>0.05).Overall, the addition of Hemicell enzyme to diets containing date pits of broiler chicken had no significant effect on feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio (p>0.05) among treatments. Keywords: Hemicell Enzyme, Date Pits, Broiler Chicken, Performance

Increasing lysine density in starter period improves broiler live weight Nasr J Department of Animal Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Saveh Branch, Saveh, Iran Corresponding author's email: [email protected]

Objectives: This research evaluates lysine density in starter period in Ross 308 broilers to better understand the impact of increase dietary lysine density in live weight performance. Materials & Methods: Six diets (6 replicates) in starter period with different levels of lysine density, 1.663 % (150%NRC), 1.553% (140%NRC), 1.439% (130%NRC), 1.334% (120%NRC) and 1.114 (100%NRC, 1994) were used in a completely randomized experimental design. All diets were iso- caloric and iso-nitrogenous. Results & Conclusion: Broilers fed 1.553% lysine level diet, body weight in 21 d was increased by 90 g compared with standard group (P 0.05). Antibody titer against Newcastle disease tended to elevate in dry wheat sequential feeding for 12 h. Broilers fed wet wheat sequential feeding for 12 h had the highest antibody production against SRBC (P< 0.05). In conclusion, sequential feeding for 12 h with wet and dry whole wheat may improve some immune responses of broiler chicks. Keywords: Broiler Chicks, Whole Wheat, Wet Feeding, Sequential Feeding, Immunity

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Influence of intensity and initiation time of early feed restriction on performance and blood biochemical parameters of broiler chicks Aghil E1, Jalilvand G1, Jahanian R2*, Shojaeian K1 , Najimi M3 Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol 98615-538, Iran; 2Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran; 3Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran Corresponding author's email: [email protected] 1

Objectives: The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of intensity and application time of early feed restriction on performance and serum biochemical parameters in broiler chicks. Materials & Methods: A total of 350 day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly distributed into 5 replicates (10 birds each) of each of 7 experimental treatments. The experimental treatments consisted of 3 feed restriction intensities (20, 40 and 60%) and 2 different initiation times (7 and 10 days of age) that offered as a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments in comparison with a control not-restricted group. Performance parameters were recorded by weekly. At 28th and 49th d of trial, two randomly-selected birds per replicate were slaughtered, and carcasses were immediately dissected. Abdominal fat, which consisted of fat surrounding the gizzard, proventriculus, and in the abdominal body cavity, was removed and weighed immediately. Also, weights of liver, heart, pancreas, small intestine and gizzard were measured. Carcass, breast and thigh weights were taken after evisceration. Also, sera samples of two chicks per cage were pooled and analyzed for total cholesterol, triglycerides and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) concentrations. Results & Conclusion: The results showed that daily body weight gain wasn’t affected by experimental treatments during 1 to 49 d of age, but application of 5 d feed restriction significantly (P0.05), and nano-silver treatment improved intestinal microfelora since the highest number of lactobacillus bacteria colonies w ere seen in nano-silver treatments (P98%) to the H5N1 viruses which isolated from swan in magnolia in 2009 including A/whooper swan/Mongolia/9/2009(H5N1) and A/ruddy shelduck/Mongolia/X42/2009(H5N1). These new viruses are clearly distinguishable from those detected in the country in 2006. Hemagglutinin protein of these viruses contained multiple basic amino acid residues (-RNSPQRERRRK-) adjacent to the cleavage site, showing the highly pathogenic characteristics. Our data showed that the current H5N1 viruses recently introduced into the country. Keywords: Phylogenetic, H5N1, Avian Influenza, Chicken, Duck, Iran, 2011

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Study on the causes of low hatchability in the breeder flock in hashtgerd A. paradise1,* ,S. M. Mirsalimi2, M.H. Bozorgmehrifard3, S.M.MKiaei3 , A.R. Jabbari1 1-Department of Anaerobic Veterinary Bacterial Vaccines, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute 2- faculty of veterinary medicine.Azad university research center 3-Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran Corresponding author's email: [email protected]

Objectives: In order to study the reasons for reducing the hatchability, a group of breeder flock was use in this investigation for determination of main causes of low hatchability. The eggs were gathered in the field from the first week till the 56th after the incubation. Materials & Methods: The chicken were divided into 8 groups: eggs without sperm ,aborted fetus between the zero and third day of life, aborted fetus between the forth and fourteen days of live, aborted fetus between 15 and 18th days of life, abortive fetus between the 19th and 21st days of life, alive fetus and live fetus while hatching. The daily information of hatching, the percentage of best kind of chickens and the percentage of pollution, all gathered in order to be able to interpret and discus about it by these statistic. During the survey the information were gathered 2 days a week. Results & Conclusion: The result shows that the hatching of the group was less than hatchability of standard all the weeks. It found that there were eggs without sperm in all weeks and the rate was more in the first and second week while most of the wasting happened from the 48th to end of clutch. The dead fetus between the 1st and 3rd week showed it was more than standard. the bad transportation was the reason for most of the dead. The abortive fetus of the 4th and 14th increased in first and 51st because of inability to reproduce and bad rowing the eggs and the mortality during 15th to 18th was in the normal range. It was found that the unusual fetus was less than normal range.in general our finding showed that infertility, abortive fetus and technical weakness were the main important causes of reduction in hatchability during the breeding period of the flock Keywords: hatchability management of breeder flock

Isolation of salmonella from wild and pet birds 1

Zare P ,Ghorbani choboghlo H*2, Bairami H3 , Goldust M3, Shahbazi N3 1 Department of pathobiology, faculty of veterinary medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran 2 PhD Student of mycology, Tehran university 3student of veterinary medicine, Tabriz university Corresponding author's email: [email protected]

Objectives: There isn’t any routine monitoring of Salmonella prevalence in wild birds. Birds, bird droppings, pellets, and feathers, as well as contaminated water and environments is a potential risk for increase zoonotic disease. There is epidemiological relationship between Salmonella infection in wild birds and other animal. Non-domesticated birds also potentially pose a risk to human health. The aim of this study is determined Salmonella prevalence among wild birds and pet birds. Materials & Methods: 16 samples were collected from wild birds and pet birds. Samples immediately were cultured for isolated colonies onto different types of media plates and incubated for 24 to 48 hr at 37°C. Then suspicious sample were cultured on Salmonella-Shigella (SS) Agar and incubated at 37°C for 24 hr. in last step samples were characterized with biochemical tests. Results & Conclusion: from 16 samples 6.2% were salmonella, 33% were Escherchia coli and 18.6% were proteus. This study showed Salmonella prevalence among wild birds is commonly. Numerous pathogens (salmonella, E coli…) have been isolated from a variety of wild birds held as pets. All wild birds can also pose a Salmonella risk to humans, even though only a very limited number of studies on this field have been reported. In other hand many of wild birds also represent popular pets and are often kept in zoological exhibits. The human health hazards posed by pet birds, wild birds such as other source. Salmonella were isolated from wild birds, and Wild birds have repeatedly been implicated as vehicles for salmonella transitions on farms and in feed mills. Most human salmonellosis cases are food borne, but each year infections are also acquired through direct or indirect animal contact in homes, veterinary clinics, zoological gardens, farm environments or other public However, improved public awareness and collaboration between veterinary agencies and the related community is crucial for decrease of zoonotic disease. Keywords: salmonella, zoonotic disease,Wild birds,pet birds

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The effect of live Newcastle disease vaccination on the production of nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation in broiler H.Hedayati Gharahcheh1*, A.Sadrzadeh1, H. Hassanpour2, M Tehrani Sharif1, MR Haddad Marandi1 1 Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar,Iran. 2 Department of Basic Sciences (Physiology Division), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran. Corresponding author's email: [email protected]

Objectives: NDV can affect lymphocytes in a way that results in weakening the immunity system. Hence, the vaccines may cause the same. Producing NO and also the oxidation could assess the innate immunity response and potential immunity system damages. Since LP assay together with the evaluation of the amount of NO may indicate the strength of oxidation, it may also count as a complement test for the evaluation. Measuring the amount of NO and LP in the vaccinated groups and comparing the results with the control group could indicate the effect of vaccine causing the differences and also on oxidation. Materials & Methods: 320 1-day Ross-308 chicks were divided into 8 groups in random and taken under the standard conditions based on Ross-308 management guide. The chicks were vaccinated by Avinew and Clone 30 in day 1 and 9 and 20 respectively. Various vaccination methods such as spraying, SC injection, edible drop and eye-drop were also used. Blood samples were taken from 10 chicks of each group on days 1, 8, 19, 28 and 42. The total 400 collected serum were tested for the amount of Nitric Oxide and lipid peroxidation by Griess method and TBARS test respectively. Results & Conclusion: Though the differences in the amount of Nitric Oxide and lipid peroxidation were significant in some cases, but there was no significant difference in the last titration. This may result by taking low-virulence vaccines or the strong affects of fast growth, same dieting and controlling the conditions in an experimental study for the groups. The results were indicated that there should be more changes and differences than simply different vaccination programs to have a significant difference in the amount of Nitric Oxide and lipid peroxidation. Keywords: Newcastle disease, live vaccines, Nitric oxide, Lipid peroxidation, broilers

Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of salmonella in poultry in east Azerbaijan

P Zare1, H Ghorbani Choboghlo3*, R Rahmani2, S Jaberi2, M.M Mirabad 4 1 Department of pathobiology, faculty of veterinary medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran 2 Faculty of veterinary medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran 3 PhD Student of mycology, Tehran university 4 Resident of large animal internal medicine, Tehran university Corresponding author's email: [email protected]

Objectives: Salmonellosis is one of the most common and widely distributed food borne diseases and poultry disease. Salmonella are spread from fecal material of all kinds of animals. Presence of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella in poultry and poultry products is a global public health problem. The expansion of global poultry production has increased the need to reduce or control the agents responsible for economic losses, including Salmonella spp.The aim of this study determined the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of salmonella isolate from domestic poultry and industrial poultry farm. Materials & Methods: A total number of 50 samples were from different source (industrial farms and domestic poultry) that's from rectum, faces, intestinal tissue, intestine contents were cultured on routine bacterial media for isolation of salmonella. After cultur e, isolation and characterization in routine culture media, antimicrobial resistance pattern of salmonella isolated was determined by disc diffusion method of Kirby-Bauer Results & Conclusion: from 50 samples 5(10%) were salmonella, result of antimicrobial susceptibly tests showed multi drug resistance, all of the isolated strain were resistance at least for one and more antibiotics, there were noticeable similarity of all tested isolated salmonella in resistance to tetracycline, erythromycin, meticilin , cloxacilin. A high number of strains were sensitive to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. Analysis of results showed a high incidence of salmonellosis in domestic and industry poultry. There contamination can cause economic losses and damaged to public health. This study showed resistance has been more common in salmonella isolated from poultry. Long term administration of various antimicrobial agents in poultry would increase the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance to multiple agents. In other hands, development of antimicrobial resistance can be a major public health issue as it can lead to the spread and increase of problems in the treatment of animal and human infections. Epidemiological surveillance of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella has become necessary for effective treatment and prevention salmonellosis among human population and between different animals. Keywords: salmonella, antibiotic resistance

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Production, purification and characterization of egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) against antibiotic-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aerogenosa in laying hens Behzad Saeedi1, Saeed Zibaii3, Mohammad Hemmati3, Alireza Haghparast1,2 1Immunology section, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine & 2Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O.Box: 91775-1793, Mashhad-Iran. 3Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Mashhad-Iran Corresponding author's email: [email protected]

Objectives: Chicken eggs present an ideal alternative antibody source to mammals, as the IgY in the chicken’s blood is transported to the egg and accumulates in the egg yolk in large quantities. The IgY have been recognized as an excellent source of polyclonal antibodies for over a decade. This simple non invasive approach presents an appealing alternative to conventional polyclonal antibody production methods. Therefore IgY is a promising candidate, both as an alternative to antibiotics and as a useful tool in research and diagnostics. In his study we aimed at the production, purification and characterization of egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) Materials & Methods: Samples were obtained from Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. For confirmation of samples microbiological tests were performed .To determine the virulence of bacteria ,suspension of three concentrations of bacteria (1.5×106 ,1.5×107 ,1.5×108 CFU/ml) were injected intraperitoneally in mice. For IgY production, we used 3 hens in test and one in control group (HY-Line W-36 ,16-Week). Test group was immunized with 0.5 ml formalin killed P. aeruginosa vaccine (1.5×107 CFU/ml ) and for control group 0.5 ml sterile PBS mixed with 0.5 ml complete Freunds adjuvant was used. For the next two booster injections Incomplete Freund's Adjuvant was used. IgY was separated from egg by PEG6000 and characterized by dot-blot and ELISA methods. Results & Conclusion: Microbiological results including hemolysis around the colonies, colony odor, motility, hydrolysis of gelatin all confirmed the presence of inoculated bacteria. Intraperitoneally injected bacterial suspension showed that the lethal dose of bacteria was CFU 1.5×107. The results of SDS-PAGE electrophoresis showed protein bands of 27 and 67 kDa, which confirmed the presence of light and heavy chains of IgY. To determine the specificity of the antibodies produced in this study, dot-blot was performed which confirmed these findings. In the final step we used Indirect ELISA to determine the quantity of antibodies that bind specifically to the antigen with the concentration of 1/1000 p.aerogenosa antigen (50µl per well). After measurement of OD by ELISA reader, differences between test and control group data was analyzed by SPSS software Version 16 by Mann-Whitney U Test Statistics. Results show that specific antibodies were able to detect antigen in concentrations of 1 mg / ml, 0.5 mg/ml and 0.25 mg/ ml (P < 0.001). These findings indicate that eggs from hens immunized with appropriate antigens have potential as a useful source of passive immunity or for diagnosis and treatment of antibiotic resistant strains of P.aerogenosa Keywords: Egg Yolk Immunoglobulin (IgY), Pseudomonas aerogenosa, polyclonal antibody, antibiotic resistant, laying hens

First Record of Cheilospirura hamulosa in Partridges, in Taleghan Province, Iran Maryam Ebrahimi*¹, Soheila Rouhani¹, Eraj Mobedi²,Rahmattollah Solgi¹ 1.Dept.of parasitology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2.Dept. of parasitology,School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Corresponding author's email: [email protected]

Objectives: Cheilospirura hamulosa (Acuaria hamulosa), is a nematode only found in gizzard of hosts such as ,chicken, turkey, pheasant, fowls and quails. The parasites are located under the cuticle of the gizzard. The final hosts acquire their infections from ingestion arthropod intermediate hosts containing infective third stage larvae. The male length is 10-14 mm and female 16-29mm. The egg measure 24-27×40-45ųm.Eggs is laid embryonated. The most important taxonomic characters for the diagnosis of this nematode are the four long, longitudinal cordon which are neither anastomed nor recurrent. Materials & Methods: This study carried out from September 2010 to February 2011. One hundred partridges (Alectoris chukar) from Talegan province were investigated. This mountainous region is located 120 kilometers North West of Tehran. The birds necropsy and gizzards were dissected in 0.85% NaCl solution and cuticle removed. Helminthes were collected, rinsed in same solution, and preserved in Alcohol – Glycerin (70% alcohol, 50 ml, Glycerin, 50 ml). Helminthes were counted and identified under a light microscopy and stereoscopic microscope. Final diagnosis was done with morphologic characteristics. Results & Conclusion: The prevalence of C.hamulosa in the partridge was 30% with a mean intensity of 3.9% and range of infection of 1- 12. A total of 116 worms were recovered from partridges. Among the recovered helminthes, 60.3% and 39.7% were female and male respectively. In Iran, the nematode C.hamulosa had only been recorded from native fowls. This is the first report of this parasite in the partridges. This wild bird is the most important bird hunted in Iran. Thus, further study on its helminthes fauna in Iran is still important and necessary. Keywords: Partridge, Acuaria hamulosa, Cheilospirura hamulosa, gizzard

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Raillietina Spp Infection in Partridges, in Taleghan, Alborz Province, Iran Soheila Rouhani1, Maryam Ebrahimi*1, Eraj Mobedi2, Nezhat Zebardast1, Adel Spotin1 1.Dept.of parasitology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran 2.Museum of Parasitology, School of veterinary, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Corresponding author's email: [email protected]

Objectives: Genus Raillietina has many species in mammals and avian. Three species of this genus are important parasites of poultry: Raillietina echinobothrida, R.tetragona and Skrjabinia cesticillus. Infections with R.echinobothrida are found in chickens and turkeys, R.tetragona occur mainly in chickens, guinea fowls and pigeons. The length of first two is (10-25 cm) more than S.cesticillus (9-13 cm). Size and number of rostellar hooks, number of testis, location of genital pore, length of cirrus sac, number of egg capsules and number of eggs per capsule are main criteria for diagnosis of this helminth. Materials & Methods: This study was carried out in Taleghan mountainous region of Alborz Province of Iran during September 2010 to February 2011. The samples were taken from 100 partridges (Alectoris chucker). Small intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) was opened longitudinally. Cestodes were removed in tap water or physiologic saline (0.85% NaCl solution) and were fixed in 10% formalin and stained with carmine alum for further studies. The worms were identified under the light microscope and stereoscopic microscope, according to helminthological keys like soulsby. Results & Conclusion: Out of total of 100 partridges examined, 12 (12%) were infected with one or more Raillietina SPP. 5% of them were harbored with one helminth and 4% and 3% with two and three respectively. All Raillietina were collected from small intestine. In Iran, a limited number of studies have been performed in wild birds’ parasites. With our knowledge, this is the first study of infection rate of Raillietina SPP in partridge in Taleghan area of Alborz Province of Iran. Keywords: Partridge, Raillietina Spp, Small intestine, Iran

Evaluation of dietary Citrus peel extracts to relieve the impact of heat stress in Ross broiler chickens Akbarian A1,2, Golian A1, Gilan A1, Kermanshahi H1, De Smet S2, Michiels J2, Zhaleh S1, Akhavan A1 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O. Box: 91775-1163, Mashhad, Khorasan Razavi, Iran; 2Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Production, Ghent University, Melle, Belgium Corresponding author's email: [email protected] 1

Objectives: High ambient temperature is a great challenge for broiler production in some countries like Iran. Animals subjected to heat stress are prone to oxidative stress, likely mediated by the expression of heat shock proteins. Plantderived additives have received a considerable attention in broiler diets due to restriction of antibiotics and some chemicals in recent years. Some plant-derived substances such as orange peel extract (OPE) and lemon peel extracts (LPE) have antioxidant properties due to their phenolic components. Thus, the aim of the present trial was to assess the potential of these extracts as possible promoters of broilers resistance Materials & Methods: This experiment was carried out as a 2×3 factorial arrangement with two levels of OPE (0 and 200 mg/kg) and three levels of LPE (0, 200 and 400 mg/kg) that were added to the basal diets at 28-38 d of age. A total of 288 Ross 308 broilers were randomly distributed to 6 dietary treatments with four replicates of 12 chicks each. From day 28, the basal ambient temperature was set at 26°C and this was increased daily to 34 °C with 50% relative humidity for 5 hours to induce heat stress. Animal performances were recorded. At the end of the trial (day 38) four animals per pen were sampled for analyses of blood parameters and intestinal tissue. Results & Conclusion: Dietary OPE, LPE and their interaction did not show any significant (P>0.05) effect on body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio. Mortality was not affected by the test diets under heat stress. The inclusion of 200 mg/kg OPE significantly increased to tal protein, but reduced the activity of LDH and CPK in broiler’s serum. Also, LPE significantly decreased LDH and CPK activity. Moreover, the interaction of OPE and LPE at the level of 200 mg/kg OPE and 200 mg/kg LPE significantly decreased the activity of LDH. However, the effects of OPE, LPE and their interaction on other blood characteristics were not significant. Thickness of muscle layers of duodenal tissue was significantly reduced by feeding 400 mg/kg LPE; but no effect on other intestinal traits was observed. In conclusion, the extracts used in the present study did not improve broiler performance during heat stress. Keywords: Citrus aurantium and Citrus limon Peel Extracts, Blood Chemicals, Gut Histology, Ross 308 Chicks

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Effects of cold conditioning during late embryogenesis on performance and immune status of broilers R.l. Karimi*; M.H. Shahir; T.Harkinezhad Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Iran Corresponding author's email: [email protected]

Objectives: During the past 30 years performance of broilers has been increased dramatically due to the genetic progress, improvements of nutrition and controlled environment (Wilson 2005). However, such higher growth rate render broilers more susceptible to various metabolic diseases including ascites, sudden death syndrome and leg abnormality and subsequently resulted in surging mortality and economic loss (Olkowski et al 2008). Numerous researches have been conducted to find the appropriate ways to reduce these metabolic disorders. Recently (Shahir et al unpublished data) perinatal cold conditioning (CC) of broiler has been practiced and showed promising results for ascites reduction. Materials & Methods: Seven hundred fertile Cobb eggs from a 35-wk old flock were weighed for an initial weight of 62.5 ± 2.5 g. The eggs were incubated (Bekoto, France) under regular conditions of 37.8°C and 56% RH. These eggs were divided into 2 treatment groups at 18 days of incubation, Control and CC, in which embryos were exposed to 14°C for 45 min. At hatch, chicks BW were measured, and their sex was determined. Only males were used in the post hatch experiment. Average body weight gain, feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured weekly (042d). At 42 d of age, samples of birds were randomly selected for performance and blood sampling. Heterophile to lymphocyte ratio (H/L), percentage of blood monocyte and hematocrit were determined. Data were analyzed by GLM procedure of SAS (9.1) by the following model : Yijk = μ + Ai + Bj + ABij + eijk μ = mean; A = effect of CC; B = effect of QFR; AB = Interaction of the two factors; e = experimental error. Results & Conclusion: The CC had no detrimental effect on hatchability , but resulted heavier chicks at hatch (p