Inclusive Growth, Innovation and Technology - European Commission

SPRU Dig-IT Dialogue on Inclusive Growth, Innovation and Technology

Inclusive Growth, Innovation and Technology: Interdisciplinary Perspectives Workshop 1 – 2 May 2013, University of Sussex

Report 04 - 07 -13

http://www.sussex.ac.uk/spru/newsandevents/digit-workshop

SPRU Dig-IT Dialogue on Inclusive Growth, Innovation and Technology Workshop Inclusive growth, innovation and technology: interdisciplinary perspectives Summary The SPRU Dig-IT workshop, held in May 2013, took place over two days at the University of Sussex campus in Brighton and marked the launch of a series of SPRU Dig-IT workshops. The workshop brought up a number of pertinent issues and was well attended with over one hundred and fifty registrations for each day of the workshop. The workshop was designed to address the gap between studies which focus on innovation and technology (from a Schumpeterian, evolutionary or STI perspective) and studies that focus on the dynamics of inequality, income distribution and „equity‟. The workshop succeeded in its aim of bringing together scholars on both sides of the innovation debate, from a multitude of different disciplines and schools of thought, resulting in news sparks and rigour being brought to the debate on how to achieve growth that is not only „smart‟ but also „inclusive‟. The wide range of views and experience that SPRU Dig-IT succeeded in bringing to the debate is evidenced in our attached list of speakers and registrations. Our diverse range of topics covered is evident in the attached programme, original workshop motivation document and bibliography of papers presented at the workshop. Video footage of the workshop is currently being edited and will be available shortly on our website, where you can also find materials produced from the workshop http://www.sussex.ac.uk/spru/newsandevents/digit-workshop It is with this success in mind that SPRU Dig-IT aims to continue staging its series of workshops and we thank all our sponsors for making this a possibility.

Sponsors The SPRU Dig-IT team would like to extend their gratitude to all the sponsors who contributed to the success of the workshop. One of our main aims was to make this workshop accessible in order to facilitate a wide range of views being brought to the debate. Thanks to our sponsors we were able to offer this workshop free of charge, which we feel helped in achieving our aim of accessibility.

iG4 contributed for travel and accommodation of European Commission attendees.

SPRU at the University of Sussex put forward £3000 towards the costs of the workshop.

The School of Business, Management and Economics put forward £3000 towards the costs of the workshop.

Research themes put forwards £2500 toward the costs of the workshop.

The Steps centre put forwards £1500 towards the costs of the workshop.

SPRU DIG-IT Science and Technology Policy Research Dialogue on Inclusive Growth and Innovation Technology

Workshop May 1-2 2013 - Motivation

Inclusive Growth, innovation and technology: interdisciplinary perspectives At the simplest level, it is obvious that the standard of living for all of us depends on the achievements of science and technology. Chris Freeman

Introduction We live in a world of increasing income inequalities within countries, and of large income inequality amongst people (Figure 1) and regions of the world (Figure 2). In order to recover economies from the recent recession and to promote more equitable societies, recent economic recovery plans – such as the EC 2020 Strategy, the OECD Innovation Strategy or the UK BIS Growth Strategy – have called for growth strategies that are not only „smart‟ (i.e. innovation-led) but also inclusive (i.e. people led).

Figure 1

Figure 2

Source: Ortiz, I., and M. Cummins, 2011, “Global Inequality: beyond the bottom billion - A Rapid Review of Income Distribution in 141 Countries”, UNICEF Social and Economic Policy Working Paper, Table 1, p. 12.

Source: UNDP & Gapminder, 2005, Human Development Trends 2005, Available at: http://www.gapminder.org/downloads/human-development-trends-2005/

These documents are however very „impressionist‟ on their account of what „inclusiveness‟ means. When we turn to Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) studies for insight, there is little work done on income distribution, inclusion, and non-economic inequalities related to growth or wellbeing. STI scholars devote little attention to questions such as the distribution of value, the effect of technological progress on employment, „appropriate technologies‟, access to technologies, agency, opportunities and capabilities in the innovation process, with respect to „sister disciplines‟ such as economics, development studies, sociology and anthropology. In turn, these disciplines have a limited focus on technology and innovation. This reduces the scope for the research on inclusive growth, inclusive innovation, technology and development. In order to bridge the gap between different branches of STI studies and between STI and other social sciences, in 2012 SPRU – the Science and Technology Policy Research department at Sussex University – established the Dialogue on Inclusive Growth, Innovation and Technology (DIG-IT) to recast the STI focus on the link between technological change, economic growth and development, income distribution, and wellbeing. The Workshop on Inclusive Growth, Innovation and Technology is a crucial step in this direction. We promote a unique forum for discussion of alternative and interdisciplinary frameworks to improve our understanding of the nexus between innovation, technological change, growth and inequaliti es within and between regions. The workshop was not intended as a stand-alone initiative, but as the first in a series designed to engage different STI communities – a number of which have representation at SPRU, and with related social sciences – which are extremely well represented at Sussex University (including in SPRU) on the above questions. The workshop was organised along the following four themes.

Freeman, C., 2004, “Income inequality in changing techno-economic paradigms”, In: E. Reinert, 2004, Globalization, Economic Development and Inequality: An Alternative Perspective, Chatelham: Edgar Elgar, 243-257, p. 243.

Session 1: Economic growth, technological innovation and inequality This session addressed mainly economic issues, with questions such as: What is the relation between economic growth, innovation and welfare? How do market dynamics and institutions affect income distribution? How does the trend towards the concentration of capital and production affect innovation and inequality? How are the costs and risks of innovation shared among the people? How is the value added, generated by technology and innovation distributed? Session 2: The direction and measurement of technological change and inclusiveness This session looked at issues of direction of technological change and addressed questions such as: How is the direction of technological change related to inclusiveness? How do we measure economic growth, welfare, wellbeing and inequality? How does this reflect on the trade-off between growth and environmental sustainability? How are gains from growth and pains from environmental stress distributed? How is the „direction‟ of technological change managed to promote inclusive growth? Is managing this process possible and/or desirable to promote inclusion? Session 3: Users and producers of technological change: grassroots and social innovation This session looked at the different „modes‟ of the innovation process (e.g. opened/closed, bottom up/top-down, grassroots innovations, and social innovation), and addressed questions such as: What is the relation between the different modes of innovation processes and inclusiveness? Are the different modes equal in term of outcomes (e.g. welfare, wellbeing, equality, inclusiveness)? What is the relation between power over the innovation process and distributional outcomes? How does science contribute to indigenous innovations? What are the effects on development and inclusion? How does innovation in agriculture occur, and when is it sustainable and inclusive? Session 4: Technological change and development This session focussed on the dynamics and effects of technological change in low-income countries, and addressed questions such as: How does the direction of innovation affect the direction of development? Appropriate vs. imported technologies. What is the relationship between innovation and technological change, on the one hand, and wealth and poverty of nations („uneven development‟), on the other? Which sectors promote more or less inclusive development and growth? How can innovation be inclusive in resource-intensive development contexts? What is the role of sustainable agriculture in development? Workshop and contribution formats The workshop was structured as follows Invited speakers presented a paper that focused on one of the four themes. Presenters were expected to contribute with challenging and controversial ideas, to motivate and engage in discussion with participants. Both theoretical and empirical contributions were encouraged. We also expressed a desire for presenters to relate their Focus to the wider theme. Invited challengers discussed one of the papers presented and put forward alternative and/or complementary ideas drawn from their own work. Although these were not intended as paper presentations, the challengers were able to compare the discussed work with their own work, where possible. Invited chairs actively engaged with all presentations and discussions at the end of each session. They then lead the floor discussion, and made their own contribution based on the work presented by the speakers and discussants. Each session involved three speakers, three discussants and a chair and lasted approximately 105 minutes structured in the following format: 15/20 minutes for presenter (3 per session); 10/5 minutes for discussant (3 per session); 5 minutes floor discussion; 15 minutes chair discussion of the three papers and floor. We found this structure successful in enabling discussion and allowing each speaker to present their ideas within the given time frame.

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SPRU Dig-IT Dialogue on Inclusive Growth, Innovation and Technology

List of Invited speakers                

Martin Bell - SPRU, University of Sussex Ha-Joon Chang - Cambridge University Tommaso Ciarli - SPRU, University of Sussex Adrian Ely - SPRU, University of Sussex Elizabeth Harrison - University of Sussex Jonathan Haskel – Imperial College Spencer Henson - IDS, University of Sussex Sir Richard Jolly - IDS, University of Sussex Raphie Kaplinsky – Open University Matthias Kollatz-Ahnen - PWC Germany Matthew Lockwood - University of Exeter Ben Martin - SPRU, University of Sussex Mariana Mazzucato - SPRU, University of Sussex Pierre Mohnen - Maastricht University/UNU-MERIT

             

Carlota Perez - TUT/LSE/Cambridge/SPRU Dinah Rajak - SPRU, University of Sussex Shyama Ramani - UNU-MERIT and Brunel University Matias Ramirez - SPRU, University of Sussex Maria Savona - SPRU, University of Sussex Ian Scoones - IDS, University of Sussex Paul Segal - SPRU, University of Sussex Adrian Smith - SPRU, University of Sussex Luc Soete - UNU-MERIT Metka Stare - University of Ljubjana Frances Stewart - Oxford University Andy Stirling - SPRU, University of Sussex Jim Watson - SPRU and UK ERC Richard Wilkinson - Nottingham/UCL/York

Dick Nelson - Columbia University Caetano Penna - SPRU, University of Sussex

Papers presented at the workshop included*, Bell, M. (2013) „Innovation, participation and inclusive growth: reflections in Latin American and African experience.‟ Preliminary notes for presentation at SPRU Dig-IT workshop on Inclusive growth, innovation and technology: interdisciplinary perspectives. University of Sussex (May 2013) Chang, H. (2009) „Hamlet without the prince of Denmark: how development has disappeared from today‟s „development‟ discourse.‟ In S. Khan and J. Christiansen (eds.) Towards new developmentalism: market as means rather than master. Routeledge: Abingdon Kaplinsky, R. et al. (2013) „Inclusive innovation: an architecture for policy development.‟ Working paper no. 65. The Open University (March 2013). Smith, A. et al. (2013) „Grassroots innovation movements: challenges and contributions.‟ Journal of Cleaner Production. Elsevier 111 Smith, A. and Ely, A. (2012) „Rio+20 must make inclusive innovation stepping stone to a sustainable future.‟ The Guardian [www] Poverty matters blog (18th June 2012). Available from: http://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/povertymatters/2012/jun/18/rio20-inclusive-innovation-sustainable-future Soete, L. (2013) „Innovation, growth and welfare: from creative destruction to destructive creation.‟ Working paper. SPRU Dig-IT workshop on Inclusive growth, innovation and technology: Interdisciplinary perspectives . University of Sussex (May 2013) Stirling, A. (2013) „Pluralising progress: from inclusive innovation to innovation democracy.‟ Working paper. SPRU Dig-IT workshop on Inclusive growth, innovation and technology: interdisciplinary perspectives . University of Sussex (28th March 2013)

*Further papers and material presented at the conference can be found here; http://www.sussex.ac.uk/spru/newsandevents/digit-workshop

SPRU Dig-IT Dialogue on Inclusive Growth, Innovation and Technology Registration list Roberto

Borghi

University of Cambridge

Young

Go

IDS

Xavier

Potau Nunez

Technopolis

Nicola

Grassano

SPRU-University of Sussex

Andrew

Agyei-Holmes

Open University, The

Matthew

Gross

Spru

Caterina

Alacevich

Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore

Puneet

Gupta

Confederation of Indian Industry

Farah

Alkhalisi

University of Sussex

Matt

Haikin

Aptivate

Jonathan

Alltimes

Daniel

Hain

Aalborg University

Rocio

Alvarez Tinoco

Sussex University

Ungkyu

Han

Warwick Business School

Antonio

Andreoni


Ae Jin

Han


Richmond

Atta-Ankomah

The Open University

Elizabeth

Harrison


Alfonso

Avila

University of East Anglia

Jonathan

Haskel

Imperial College

Nuri Erkin

Başer

Dokuz Eylül University

Adeel

Hassan

SPRU

Alice

Bell

SPRU

Attila

Havas

Institute of Economics, CERS, HAS

Martin

Bell

SPRU

Richard

Heeks

University of Manchester

Victoria

Blessing


Spencer

Henson

IDS

Gerald

Bloom

IDS

Sabine

Hielscher

SPRU

Alexander

Borda-Rodriguez

The Open University

Andrej

Horvath

Technopolis Limited

Roberto

Borghi


SeongWoong

Hwang

SPRU, Sussex University

David

Botchie

The Open University

Michiko

Iizuka

UNU-MERIT

Kirstin

Bretthauer


Adesina

Iluyemi

Portsmouth Uni

Robert

Byrne

SPRU, University of Sussex

Zsuzsa

Javorka

Technopolis Limited

Marco

Carreras


bong kyung

jeon


Youngha

Chang


Sir Richard

Jolly

IDS

Ha-Joon

Chang


Leanne

Jones

DFID

Kuang-Yi

Chao

University of Wroclaw

Roman

Jurowetzki

Aalborg University

Jose

Christian

Brighton University

Despina

Kanellou

CENTRIM/UOB

Tommaso

Ciarli


Raphie

Kaplinsky

Open University

Norman

Clark

Open University

Dimitrios

Katsaros

SPRU. University of Sussex

Alex

Coad

SPRU, Univ Sussex

Florian

Kern


Paul

Connelly

United Practices Accountancy Ltd.

Jeong-Hoon

Kim

Ministry of Science, IT and Future Planning

Craig

Cowley

Sussex university

So Hyung

Kim


Emily

Cox


Matthias

Kollatz-Ahnen PWC Germany

Philippa

Crane

SPRU

Eyad

Kouja

Sussex university

Edwin

Cristancho


Oleksiy

Kulyk

DonNU

Edwin

Cristancho-Pinilla University of Sussex

Tomoko

Kunimitsu

Institute of Development Studies

Marcia

Daros

UNU-MERIT

Simon

Lambor

Ids

Julia

Day

STEPS Centre

Phan

Le

IDS

Mattia

Di Ubaldo

University Of Sussex

Melissa

Leach

STEPS Centre, IDS, Sussex

Yusuf

Dirie


NaYeoun

Lee

SNU

Marialuisa

Divella

SPRU

Finbarr

Livesey


Richard

Duncombe

IDPM

Matthew

Lockwood

University of Exeter

Adrian

Ely

SPRU

Maria

Marton

Fabok

University of Liverpool

Maestre MoIDS rales

Guilherme

Magacho


Nicolette

Fox

SPRU

Oleksandra

Mamedova

DonNU

Nick

Gallie


Jose Miguel

Marín

Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Flora

Giarracca

Technopolis Limited

Fiona

Marshall

SPRU

Ben

Martin

SPRU

Hammed

Roohani

sussex

Rachel

Masika


Luis

Rosado

UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX

Serena

Masino

Manchester/UNU-WIDER

Cristina

Rosemberg

Technopolis Limited

Ruangpattana SPRU University of Sussex

Eshan

Masood

Research Fortnight

Suriya

Mariana

Mazzucato

Sussex Univ

Alex

Ryabchyn

SPRU University of Sussex

Rie

Minamoto

IDS

Shuan

SadreGhazi

UN University-MERIT

Pierre

Mohnen

Maastricht University/UNU-MERIT

Tomas

Saieg

Sussex University

Salmon


Jordi

Molas Gallart

INGENIO (CSIC-UPV)

Thomas

Maria

Morales

IDS

Thiago

Santos


Piera

Morlacchi


Maria

Savona


Yu

Nagaiwa

IDS

Ian

Scoones

IDS

Jose Miguel Natera Marín

Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Ruth

Segal


Dick

Nelson

Columbia University

Paul

Segal


Cian

O'Donovan

Frank

Seidel


Oluyomi

Ola-David

Covenant University

Peter

Senker

University of East London

Seo

SPRU

Elsie

Onsongo

Friedrich Schiller University Jena

Jeongseon

Michael

Oyinloye


Sangwoo

Shin

SPRU

Theo

Papaioannou

The Open University

Fabricio

Silveira


Marcel

Paradies

SPRU

Beck

Smith

Campaign for Science and Engineering

Soete

UNU-MERIT

JoonWoo

Park

IDS

Luc

Hyun sook

park

IDS

Metka

Stare

University of Ljubljana

Parimal

Patel

SPRU

Fabio

Staude

Federal University of Rio de Janeiro

Caetano

Penna

SPRU

Ed

Steinmueller

SPRU

Stewart

University of Oxford

Leisa

Perch

UNDP

Frances

Carlota

Perez

TUT/ LSE/ Cambridge/ SPRU

Andy

Stirling

SPRU

Mickael

Pero

Fraunhofer

Paul

Stoneman

Warwick Business School

Keston

Perry

Newcastle University

Beth

Stratford

Friends of the Earth

Tang


Dimitra

Petrakaki


Puay

Justin

Pickard

STEPS Centre

Rachael

Taylor


Ana

Prieto-Blanco

Spru

Tsegay

Tekleselassie


Anita

Quas

Technopolis

Paul

Tod

IDS

Uccello

ids

bob

radebe

Sussex University

Elvira

Slavo

Radosevic

UCL

sophie

valeix

SPRU/STEPS Centre

Ismael

Rafols

SPRU & Ingenio (CSIC-UPV)

Philip

Vergragt

Clark University

Dinah

Rajak


Shanila

Wahid

IDS

Wang

SCI, and Tyndall Centre

Shyama

Ramani

UNU-MERIT & Brunel University

Xinfang

Matias

Ramirez

SPRU

Jim

Watson

SPRU & UKERC

Stephen

Reid

NEF

Rebecca

White

SPRU, Sussex University

Marco

Resende


Stephen

Whitfield

IDS

Wilkinson

Nottingham / UCL / York

Rafael

Ribeiro


Richard

Veronica

Roa

SPRU

Werner

Wobbe

European Commission, DG RTD

Igor

Rocha


Bettina

Zenz

The Sussex Energy Group

Joao

Romero
