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Nephrol Dial Transplant (2011) 26: 920–926 doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfq471 Advance Access publication 3 August 2010
Inflammation, kidney function and albuminuria in the Framingham Offspring cohort Ashish Upadhyay1, Martin G. Larson2,4, Chao-Yu Guo2, Ramachandran S. Vasan2,3, Izabella Lipinska5, Christopher J. O’Donnell2,6, Sekar Kathiresan6, James B. Meigs7, John F. Keaney Jr.8, Jian Rong2,9, Emelia J. Benjamin2,3,9 and Caroline S. Fox2,10 1
Division of Nephrology, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA, 2Boston University and National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA, 3Preventive Medicine and Cardiology Sections, and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA, 4Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA, 5Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 6Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 7Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 8Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, UMass Memorial Health Care and University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA, 9Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA USA and 10 Department of Endocrinology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Correspondence and offprint requests to: Ashish Upadhyay; E-mail:
[email protected] Support: The Framingham Heart Study is supported by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute grant N01-HC-25195. Additional funding provided by the National Institute of Health’s grants R01-HL70139 and R01-Hl04334 for R.S.V., R01-HL-64753 and R01-HL-076784 AG028321 for E.J.B., and the American Diabetes Association research grant and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases grant K24-DK080140 for J.B.M.
Abstract Background. Inflammation and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are both associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Whether inflammatory biomarkers are associated with kidney function and albuminuria after accounting for traditional CVD risk factors is not completely understood.
Methods. The sample comprised Framingham Offspring cohort participants (n = 3294, mean age 61, 53% women) who attended the seventh examination cycle (1998–2001). Inflammatory biomarkers [C-reactive protein (CRP), tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin-6, TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1),
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Inflammation, kidney function and albuminuria
P-selectin, CD-40 ligand, osteoprotegerin, urinary isoprostanes, myeloperoxidase and fibrinogen] were measured on fasting blood samples. Serum creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and serum cystatin C concentration were used to assess kidney function. Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) was used to assess albuminuria. Linear or logistic regression was used to test associations between biomarkers and kidney measures. Results. Chronic kidney disease (CKD), defined as eGFR
