Psychological Development of Creative Adolescents through the Theory of Positive Disintegration. Krystyna Laycraft, Ph.D. The Center for CHAOS Studies,.
Psychological Development of Creative Adolescents through the Theory of Positive Disintegration Krystyna Laycraft, Ph.D. The Center for CHAOS Studies, Canada 1th International Scientific Symposium Kazimierz Dabrowski and his Work in Contemporary Psychology Oct. 18-19, 2013, Lublin, Poland
Participants
Process of Interpretation
Integrating “Poem”
Creating Symbolic Reference
“Model of Creativity”
Analyzing Indexical Reference II
“Psychological Development”
Recognizing , Understanding Indexical Reference I
“Developmental Potential” Presenting Iconic Reference
“Life Story”
Me
The Pattern Models of Creativity and Developmental Dynamisms Human Development The Theory of Positive Disintegration (K. Dabrowski)
•
Complexity Science The Theory of Self-Organization (I. Prigogine)
•
Theories of Emotions The Psycho-Evolutionary Theory of Emotions (R. Plutchik)
•
Gifted and Creative People display
Symptoms of increased psychic excitability, nervousness & psychoneuroses cause
create
A condition for a broader, deeper, and more complex pattern of experiences
Inner tensions, internal and external conflicts lead
Development through Positive Disintegration
Theory of Positive Disintegration as a model of Adolescent Development 22
19
Late Adolescence/Young Adulthood Pozna Mlodosc/ Wczesna doroslosc Organized Multilevel Disintegration Dezintegracja zorganizowana Emerging Order
A need for integration (potrzeba zintegrowania) Middle Adolescence (Srodkowa mlodosc) 16
Spontaneous Multilevel Disintegration (Dezintegracja spontaniczna) Chaotic Attractor
A need for differentiation (potrzeba zroznicowania) 13 Early Adolescence (wczesna mlodosc) Unilevel Disintegration (dezintegracja jednopoziomowa) Cycle Attractor
10
(Dabrowski, 1964,1967, 1970, 1972,1973, 1996) (Laycraft, 2011, 2012)
Self-organization The spontaneous emergence of new patterns in complex, dynamic, and open systems (pojawienie sie nowych form)
Irreversible process (Proces nieodwracalny) The need of conditions for far- from-equilibrium (chaotic) states (Potrzeba stanu chaotycznego)
Complexity and orderliness of the system increase as a result of coupling of interacting elements of the system (Prigogine & Stengers, 1984)
The Psycho-Evolutionary Theory Opening a boundary Interest/Anticipation
Zainteresowanie
Gaining
Joy Radosc
Moving toward
Anger Gniew
Acceptance Akceptacja
Rejection Odrzucenie
Fear
Expelling
Sadness Smutek
Taking in
Strach
Surprise Zaskoczenie
Losing
Primary Emotions
Moving away from
Closing a boundary
(Plutchik, 1980)
Emotion System • Is highly sensitive to changes in the internal and external environment • A concrete situation activates a discrete emotion that organizes and motivates behavior • The activated emotion, depending on the context of its situation recruits another emotion • These emotions self-organize into a coherent pattern of interacting emotions
Secondary Emotions during Creative Process Joy Radosc
Love/Friedlinness
Interest Zainteresowanie
Eagerness
Milosc / Przyjazn
Zapal
Acceptance Akceptacja
Curiosity
Interest Zainteresowanie
Resourcefulness
Joy Radosc Interest Zainteresowanie
Ciekawosc
Pomyslowosc
Delight Zachwyt Confusion /Conflict Konflikt
Acceptance Akceptacjac Joy Radosc
Surprise Zaskoczenie Acceptance Akceptacja Surprise Zaskoczenie
Surprise Zaskoczenie
Tertiary Emotions during Creative Processes Interest Zainteresowanie
Enthusiasm Entuzjazm
Acceptance Akceptacja
Joy Radosc Interest Zainteresowanie
Enjoyment of unknown Radosna niepewnosc
Surprise Zdziwienie
Joy Radosc
Acceptance Akceptacja
Open Mindness Wyzwanie/Otwartosc
Interest Zainteresowanie
Surprise Zdziwienie
Acceptance Akceptacja
Attraction Atrakcyjnosc Surprise Zdziwienie
Joy Radosc
The Unilevel Disintegration - Cycle Attractor Pattern Model of Depression Moving away
Moving toward
Anger
Fear
Contempt Pogarda
“I always was scared what I would do when I was having suicidal thoughts. Then I had to go to talk to my mom…
Embarrassment Zaklopotanie
Loneliness Sadness
Rejection Expelling
Samotnosc
Losing
(They feel different, weird, rejected, lonely, disconnected, unworthy, & depressed.)
Transition to the Higher Level Bifurcation from Cycle to Chaotic attractor Taking in
acceptance
Love/Friendliness Milosc/Przyjazn
joy
Resourcefulness Pomyslowosc optimism
Interest Opening a boundary
Gaining A need for differentiation
Transition Przejscie “…It got me out of my shell and I was able to prove who I am.” (S.) “Students here embrace strangeness. If you are different, it’s not bad things, it’s good because you have something different to offer.”(A.)
The Spontaneous Multilevel Disintegration – Chaotic Attractor Dynamisms Astonishment with oneself Zdziwienie w stosunku do siebie Opening a boundary Closing a boundary
anticipation
conflict
surprise
“I don’t know what is going with me…” “Nie wiem co dzieje sie ze mna.”
Disquietude with oneself Zaniepokojenie sie soba
anticipation Anxiety Niepokoj
conflict fear Moving away
“I know that whatever it is, it’s not good…”
surprise
Alarm/Awe Trwoga
Transition from Spontaneous into Organized Multilevel Disintegration Creative Dynamisms I A need for integration
Curiosity
Taking in
Ciekawosc
Closing a boundary
surprise
acceptance Resourcefulness
Love
Pomyslowosc
Pasja
conflict
Delight Zachwyt
interest Opening a boundary
Enthusiasm
joy Gaining
“I feel that it is something that I love doing, that I am passionate about…” (K.)
The Organized Multilevel Disintegration –Emerging Order “Subject-Object” in oneself “Podmiot-przedmiot” w sobie sadness joy Delight
Optimism Enthusiasm
Opening a boundary
Zachwyt
Rozczarowanie
surprise
anticipation
Curiosity
Resourcefulness Pomyslowosc
Disappointment
Ciekawosc
acceptance
“…My frustration leads me to be persisting and trying again. I find that I have to be more patient to myself..” (K.) “…I begin to understand what I was going through and coping with it by reversing a little bit because I am not so bad anymore.” (S.)
The Organized Multilevel Disintegration – Emerging Order Creative Dynamisms II love joy
acceptance 4. curiosity
satisfaction surprise
4.
4. Love
Love curiosity
love
Acceptance Akceptacja Resourcefulness Pomyslowosc
3.
2. conflict
delight Joy Radosc
1. Interest Zainteresowanie
Eagerness Zapal/ Gotowosc
The Organized Multilevel Disintegration – Emerging Order
Tertiary Emotions Open a boundary
1.
Taking in
acceptance
anticipation
“If I don’t enjoy the process and leads me into ego direction, I don’t want to do.”
joy Open a boundary
2.
Gaining
anticipation
3.
anticipation
surprise
Open-mindedness Wyzwanie/Otwartosc
“I came to the realization that all art is the process… It’s more in what state you are in when you are making it…”
joy acceptance
Enjoyment of unknown Radosna niepewnosc
“I challenge myself… It’s interesting process, dealing with the unknown.”
surprise acceptance
4.
Closing a boundary
surprise joy
=>Enthusiasm
Attraction Atrakcyjnosc
“It’s coming from me and through my hands… It’s like ego disappears if you are doing right... It’s like meditation making art….
• Multiple occurrence of complex emotions or emotion-cognitive sequences may lead to the stabilization and formation of self-identity or traits of personality of young people • Creativity helps them grow into resourceful, optimistic, sanguine, open-minded, confident, and prideful human being • Their positive experiences during adolescence stimulate the healthy development of brain and body, great social skills, highly developed cognitive abilities, and emotional and spiritual development
References Dabrowski, K. (1964). Positive disintegration. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. Dabrowski, K. (1967). Personality shaping through positive disintegration. Boston: Little, Brown & Company. D abrowski, K., Kawczak, A. & Piechowski, M. (1970). Mental growth through positive disintegration. London: Gryf Publication Ltd. Dabrowski, K. (1972). Psychoneurosis is not an illness. London: Gryf Publications Ltd. Dabrowski, K. (1973). The dynamics of concepts. London: Gryf Publications Ltd. Dabrowski, K. (1996). Mutlilevelness of emotional and instinctive functions. Lublin: Towarzystwo Naukowe Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego. Laycraft, K. (2011). Theory of positive disintegration as a model of adolescent development. Nonlinear Dynamics, Psychology, and Life Sciences, Vol. 15, No.1, pp. 29-52. Laycraft, K. (2012). The development of creativity: The study of adolescents and young adults. Ph.D. dissertation Plutchik, R. (1980). Emotion. A psychoevolutionary synthesis. New York, Cambridge, Philadelphia, San Francisco, London, Mexico City, Sao Paulo, Sydney: Harper & Row, Publishers Prigogine, I. & Stengers, I. (1984).Order out of chaos. Toronto, New York, London, Sydney: Bantam Books.
www.krystyna-laycraft.com www.chaosstudies.com