We studied that Nannochloropsis sp. has potential to treart swine wastewater which acts as the nutritive source for biomass production of. Nannochloropsis sp.
Integration of Technologies to Enhance Biofuel Production and Wastewater Treatment using Microalgae Sheikh Adil Edrisia; Vishnu Muraria
aInstitute
of Environment & Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
ABSTRACT Today biofuel production is becoming the essence in meeting energy demands, so it is needed to be cost effective and can be done by integrating the technologies of biofuel production using microalgae such as Nannochloropsis sp. & Chlorella sp. which surely pave the way to meet wastewater treatment as well. This integrated approach will not only aid to the cost effectiveness of the enhanced production but also contribute to the bioremediation processes. Present article not only revisits the idea and processes involve this dual approach but efficiently pervading the lacunae in the recent scenario of enhanced production of advance biofuel. Studies suggest that the different parameters involved in the production scenario and the nutrients required for the production of the microalgal biomass can be procured by the dairy as well as the swine wastewater; precisely the growth of any microalgal biomass depend upon the carbohydrate, nitrate, phosphate and potassium content of the substrate and also some amount of vitamins such as biotin, cobalamin and thymine. Fundamentally the Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium (NPK) value is found to be high in the wastewaters which preferably act as a supplement for the biomass production and this endeavors us to focus more on the bioremediation aspect. Furthermore the next aspect is the production for advanced biofuels from above mentioned microalgae which is having high lipid content for enhanced production. Keywords: Biofuel production; Bioremediation; Wastewater; Transesterification.
INTRODUCTION For the efficient extraction of the biofuel many researches are being performed which met to some cost effectiveness of the product. But as we studied, the integration of technologies are emerging to solve dual problems of the environment which is more directed toward core and efficient production of the biofuel. We studied that Nannochloropsis sp. has potential to treart swine wastewater which acts as the nutritive source for biomass production of Nannochloropsis sp. And this species is also potent for good amount of lipid content upto 48.9%. Similarly in the context of Chlorella sp. has its affinity to treat dairy wastewater which removes phosphorus about 80-85% and nitrogen about 60-80%.
MATERIALS & METHODS
RESULTS
Microalgal strains
Chlorella sp. under Fog’s medium
Nannochloropsis sp. under f/2 medium
Optimization of algal growth on dairy waste water under different conc. of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%
Optimization of algal growth on swine waste water under different conc. of 25% and 50%.
Treatment of 50% AnATSW by Nannochloropsis sp.
Treatment of 75% dairy wastewater by Chlorella sp.
Biomass cultivation under every 1L of wastewater (50%) using 10mL inoculate & biomass harvest was done on every 15th day.
Biomass cultivation under every 1L of wastewater (75%) using 50mL inoculate & biomass harvest was done on every 15th day.
• Lipids were extracted from the algal solution with an extractant of 2:1 chloroform/methanol. The extracted lipids were collected from the chloroform layer. • For triacylglycerol (TAG) analysis, we used the esterification reaction. Before esterification, microalgal lipids were first subjected to saponification with 0.5 N potassium hydroxide/methanol to generate fattypotassium. •A boron trifluoride/methanol solution (14%) was then used as the catalyst for esterification. The resulting fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were extracted with nheptane.
• The oil extraction from the powdered algal biomass was carried out by using n-hexane and methanol. The hexane (875.5 g) extract was mixed with ether (99%) for separation of the algal oil. • Solvent removed by shaking and then NaOH & methanol was added to separate biodiesel from glycerin through shaking.
Fig. 7: Nitrogenous and phosphorous nutrient removal by Nannochloropsis sp. cultured in different media.
Fig. 5: Percent reduction in pollutant load on 10th day in (a) influent and (b) effluent. Fig. 3: Growth of algae at different concentration of wastewater (a) influent and (b) effluent. Fig. 8: Comparison of oil content of crude lipids and TAG from of Nannochloropsis sp. cultured in different media.
CONCLUSIONS
Fig. 6: Comparisons of the growth of Nannochloropsis sp. cultured in different media.
(b)
Fig. 1: Cellular morphology of (a) Nannochloropsis sp. & (b) Chlorella sp.
Fig. 4: Percent reduction in pollutant load on 5th day in (a) Influent and (b) effluent. Fig. 2: Biodiesel extracted from Effluent, Medium and Influent.
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In the present investigation Chlorella sp. is found to remove about 80–85% phosphorus and 60–80% of nitrogen from the dairy wastewater. Similarly, using microalgae species for treating dairy wastewater also have the ability to sustain growth of microalgae that produce oil/fats which can be used for biodiesel production. Likely in the context of swine wastewater, a medium containing 50% AnATSW results in maximum biomass productivity, crude lipid content, TAG content and LHV content from cultures of Nannochloropsis sp. The 3×f/2 medium containing vitamins produced more stable unsaturated oils than the other media. According to the iodine value (90.5-117.4) and BAPE (30.64-46.13), our microalgal oils are similar to rapeseed oil. Therefore the biomass provides dual benefits of wastewater treatment and oil production.
REFERENCES
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(a)
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