Intensification and Sustainability in South African Rooibos: exploring ...
Recommend Documents
They provide technical education to their farm workers, implement ..... products, apart from a logo for the Biodiversity and Wine Initiative. The reason is that many ...
South African National Antarctic Programme ... Further south, beyond the Polar Front, the Southern Ocean and Antarctica provide a unique platform from.
Jun 27, 2017 - What the future holds. FACASI also organizes field days in order to increase the farmer's understanding o
SUGAR INDUSTRY USING A NUTRIENT INFORMATION. RETRIEVAL SYSTEM (NIRS). J.H. Meyer. South African Sugar Association Experiment Station, ...
The pioneering rice breeder Peter Jennings (2007), who led early advancements in high-yielding rice var- ieties during the first green revolution, has argued for.
in smallholder agriculture has led to the temptation to embrace a ..... adoption of short-maturing varieties (e.g. sweet potato and .... fleshed sweet potato is a good source of vitamin A, ...... P. L., Mpepereki, S., 2011, 'Soyabeans and sustainable
Over the past half-century, agricultural production gains have provided a platform for rural and urban economic ... This research forms part of the UK Government's Foresight Global Food and Farming project. .... gives farmers a combination of the bes
... School Improvement in South. African Secondary Schools in the Free State Province ... P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006 South Africa. E-mail: ...
Jun 22, 2015 - Key words: Corruption, health systems, governance, agency theory, South Africa. VC The Author 2015. .... of or inappropriate regulation in the private health sector (Francis .... Healthcare providers may bill con- sumers for ...
In the hardest hit regions of the world, the HIV/AIDS epidemic is increasing poverty and inequality and .... Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC); the number.
in Ireland, on 'Accreditation and Sustainable Engineering'. This built on the ..... Information and Technology for the Environment (SITE). The small number of ...
Mar 27, 2012 - Chapter 23: Integrating Kaizen Management Principles With ESD In Ethiopian Institute ... Chapter 25: Towards Integration Of ESD In Teaching And Training .... Journalists' Handbook www.unep.org/Training/docs/journ_hb.pdf.
stroom campus) has now offered to house, curate and further develop the collection as a component of their environmental monitoring focus, and has made a ...
Mar 27, 2012 - Chapter 7: Mainstreaming Education for Sustainable Development in Uganda Martyrs ..... Technical University of Kenya. Masinde ..... the GIZ programme located in the research directorate was interested in developing climate.
Mar 27, 2012 - University Of Science And Technology, Uganda (Basil Tibanyendera). ..... Hanss Seidel Foundation, Nairobi, Kenya. Industrial Ecology Institute.
J Taylor. School of Environmental Sciences and Development, North West University (Potchefstroom campus), Private Bag X6001,. Potchefstroom 2520.
Aug 29, 2016 - Details on virus rescue and related protocols are shown ...... 21264351. 39. Yoon IK, Alera MT, Lago CB, Tac-An IA, Villa D, Fernandez S, et al.
reduced to a vague set of 'good intentions', which are rarely translated into meaningful policy ... social media among young black South African women can be situated and assessed .... involved their reactions to a bank's advertising campaign.
This dissertation is a study of the gangster film genre and how it has been used to
... Stories (2000) as a gangster film that represents South African society ...
Termination of Pregnancy (CTOP) Amendment Act (No. 1 of ... of the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act (No 92 of 1996) and attitudes toward abortion.
Faculty of Engineering, University of Cape Town, South Africa. ... was obtained from free-form responses of a sample of first year engineering students at .... Initially six categories of reasons were identified ... The disciplines of Civil, Electric
commerce (4%) and marketing (3%). Eighty six .... of 117 B2B e-hubs discovered that neither are the e- ... put in place basic automation and informatisation.
white South African students enter the engineering profession for different sets of .... socializers. CAR career contact. SCH school subject. MAN manual activities.
demographic indicators. Regarding ... Table 4: Demographic information of students in each average final mark quintile. Quintile .... Botswana and South Africa.
Intensification and Sustainability in South African Rooibos: exploring ...
The Fynbos biome in the Cape region in South Africa is currently the only production location of .... Some exporters engage in spot buying, others have production contracts ..... 1998, Fairtrade Rooibos has been growing slowly (Law 2005).
Intensification and Sustainability in South African Rooibos: exploring the conditions for market led sustainable development in a biodiversity hot spot Yuca Waarts1 and Michiel Kuit2
Introduction The Fynbos biome in the Cape region in South Africa is currently the only production location of Rooibos tea in the world. In addition, biodiversity in the Fynbos biome is very large and unique for the world. This makes Rooibos tea a unique product, the availability of which strongly depends on the dynamics in a bounded territory. Rooibos is sometimes harvested from the wild, but up to 99% of all Rooibos is cultivated. 95% of all Rooibos is produced on large farms or plantations. Such farms, which also exist for potatoes and grapes in the Fynbos biome have a large impact on the ecosystem, especially because large areas have been cleared in the past for their establishment. For instance, ‘an average of 2.7 hectares of virgin land has been cleared for farming every day in the past 15 years’, in the Northern Sandveld (SARC 2008). Another important factor which may impact both the quality of the Fynbos biome and sustainability of agricultural production would be a situation where demand for Rooibos rises faster than supply. Currently there is oversupply of Rooibos, but this situation may reverse in the future. Due to the bounded territory where Rooibos is currently grown, a process of further intensification may then be one of the trajectories available to satisfy increasing demand. To protect the Fynbos biome, the government has designated wilderness areas and reserves. Furthermore, the local government cooperates with NGOs in working with local communities and producers to implement sustainable land management practices. Different strategies are implemented with smallholders’ communities and large scale farmers, as those two groups differ greatly in acreage, volume produced, capital endowments and capacity. In this paper, an inventory of local sustainability initiatives related to Rooibos production is presented, focusing mainly on large Rooibos producers as they produce 95% of all Rooibos and thus impact on a relatively large area of the Fynbos biome compared to smallholder Rooibos producers. The paper will also explore perspectives of domestic and international buyers on sustainable Rooibos in general. The content of this paper is derived from a series of stakeholder interviews in South Africa and importing (European) markets, supplemented by a literature review. The following stakeholders were interviewed: producers, processors, exporters, importers, Non Governmental Organizations, Governmental Organizations and research institutes.
Context Rooibos production characteristics Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) belongs to the Aspalathus plant group that consists of 278 species (Malgas & Oetle 2007). Rooibos is the only one of these that is both commercially produced and 1 2
LEI/WUR Kuit Consultancy
1
harvested from the wild. Although it seems likely that Rooibos could be grown in other Mediterranean climates, in practice the production area is constrained to the outer limits of the Fynbos biome. The Fynbos biome is a unique eco
