International Journal for Quality in Health Care (Formerly Quality Assurance in Health Care) The Official Journal of the International Society for Quality in Health Care (ISQua)
Editor-in-chief: R. HEATHER PALMER Regional Editors: HEATHER BUCHAN ANDREW THOMPSON BEATRIZ ZURITA
VOLUME CONTENTS AND AUTHOR INDEX VOLUME 8 (1996)
Pergamon
International Journal for Quality in Health Care The Official Journal of the International Society for Quality in Health Care (ISQua) ISQua acknowledges the generous support of the Australian and Victorian Governments, and La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia and of the following Foundation Institutional Members ISQua—Foundation Institutional Members AUSTRALIAN DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia CANADIAN COUNCIL ON HEALTH SERVICES ACCREDITATION, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
CENTER FOR HUMAN SERVICES, Bethesda, Maryland, USA COMMISSION ON PROFESSIONAL & HOSPITAL ACTIVITIES, Louisville, Kentucky, USA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & COMMUNITY CARE, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & COMMUNITY SERVICES, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia JOINT COMMISSION ON ACCREDITATION OF HEALTHCARE ORGANIZATIONS, Chicago, Illinois, USA
LA TROBE UNIVERSITY, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia NEW SOUTH WALES HEALTH DEPARTMENT, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia QUEENSLAND HEALTH, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia SOUTH AUSTRALIAN HEALTH COMMISSION, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia THE VICTORIAN HOSPITALS ASSOCIATION, South Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Editor-in-Chief R. HEATHER PALMER
Managing Editor MORAGTEEK
Center for Quality of Care Research and Education, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Tel. (1) 617 432 0490; Fax (1) 617 432 0491 e-mail: Regional Editors HEATHER BUCHAN
Health Care Evaluation Section, Public Health Branch, Department of Health & Community Services, 13/555 Collins St, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia. Tel. (61) 3 9616 7308; Fax (61) 3 9616 8383 ANDREW THOMPSON
Cardiff Business School, University of Wales, Aberconway Building, Colum Drive, Cardiff CF1 3EU, UJC. Tel. (44) 1222 874000, Ext. 5722; Fax (44) 1222 874419 BEATRTZ ZURITA
Mexican Foundation for Health, Periferico Sur no 4809, Col. El Arenal, Tepepdn, Tlalpan, 14610, Mexico DF. Tel. (52) 5 655 9011; Fax (52) 5 655 8211 Special Project Editor ROSA SUNOL (Spanish Abstracts) Hie International Journal for Quality in Health Care is published bi-monthly from 1996. Members of the International Society for Quality in Health Care (ISQua) receive the Journal as part of their membership dues. Annual Institutional Membership Rates for 1996: US$308 or UK£200. Annual Individual Membership Rates for 1996: US$62 or UK£40. Membership enquiries should be sent to: Executive Officer, International Society for Quality in Health Care, Lincoln House, 625 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia. Tel: 61 3 9285 5368; Fax: 61 3 9347 4851; e-mail: . For further information about Institutional or Individual Membership of ISQua, please turn to the end pages of this issue. For Libraries and Organisations wishing to subscribe to the Journal only, Annual Institutional Subscription Rates 1997. Europe, The CIS and Japan, 715.00 Dutch Guilders. All other countries, U.S.$441.00. Associated Personal Subscription rates are available on request for those whose institutions are library subscribers. Dutch Guilder prices exclude VAT. Non-VAT registered customers in the European Community will be charged the appropriate VAT in addition to the price listed. Prices include postage and insurance and are subject to change without notice. Any enquiry relating to subscriptions should be sent to: The Americas: Elsevier Science Customer Support Department, P.O. Box 945, New York, NY 10010, USA [Tel: (+1) 212- 6333730/1-888 4ES-INFO; Fax: (+1) 212-633-3680; E-mail:
[email protected]). Japan: Elsevier Science Customer Support Department, 9-15 Higashi-Azabu 1-chome, Minato-kii, Tokyo 106, Japan [Tel: (+3) 5561-5033; Fax: (+3) 5561-5047; E-mail: kyfl34035Oniftyserve.or.jp]. Asia Pacific (excluding Japan): Elsevier Science (Singapore) Pte Ltd, No. 1 Temasek Avenue, 17-01 Millenia Tower, Singapore 039192 [Tel: (+65) 434-3727; Fax: (+65) 337-2230; E-mail: asiainfo®elsevier.corn.sgj. Rert of the World: Elsevier Science Customer Service Department, P.O. Box 211, 1001 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands [Tel: (+31) 20-4853757; Fax: (+31) 20-485-3432; E-mail: nlinfo-f®elsevierjil]. For orders, claims, enquiries (no manuscript enquiries) please contact the Customer Support Department at the Regional Support Office nearest to you. PERIODICALS POSTAGE PAID AT NEWARK, NEW JERSEY. International Journal for Quality In Health Care (ISSN 1353-4505) is published 6 Issues per year in February, April, June, August, October and December, by Elsevier Science Ltd, The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK. The annual subscription in the USA is $441. International Journal for Quality in Health Care is distributed by Mercury Airfreight International Ltd, 10 Camptown Road, Irvington, New Jersey 07111-1105. POSTMASTER send address corrections to International Journal for Quality In Health Care, Elsevier Science RSO, 655 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10100, USA. Publishing and Advertising Offices: The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK (Oxford 843000), and RSO, 655 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10100, USA. Production Editor (Elsevier Science) Pxr ROBERTS
Copyright O 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
CONTENTS NUMBER 1 Editorial The First Ten Years: the Perspective from the President's Desk
1
C D. Shaw The Evaluation of Screening Methods to Identify Medically Unnecessary Hospital Stay for Patients with Pneumonia A. J. Hartz, P. F. Bade, P. Sigmann, C. Guse, P. Epple and K. C. Goldberg
3
The Effectiveness of Antenatal Care in Preventing Intrauterine Growth Retardation and Low Birth Weight Due to Preterm Delivery I. L. Coria-Soto, J. L. Bobadilla and F. Notzon
13
Improving the Use of Information in Medical Effectiveness Research K. A. Phillips and L. A. Bero
21
Factors Associated with Inappropriate Emergency Hospital Admission in the UK J. Coast, T. J. Peters and A. Inglls
31
Evaluating the Appropriateness of Red Blood Cell Transfusions: the Limitations of Retrospective Medical Record Reviews A.-M. Audet, L. T. Goodnough and C. A. Parvin
41
Pediatric Hospitalization Due to Ambulatory Care-Sensitive Conditions in Valencia (Spain) C. Casanova, C. Colomer and B. Starfield
51
Cost and Prevention of Pressure Ulcers in an Acute Teaching Hospital H. M. Lapsley and R. Vogels
61
Two-dimensional Outcome Analysis as a Guide for Quality Assurance of Prostatectomy Y. C. Cohen, L. Olmer and B. Mozes
67
Quality Assurance in Taiwan, the Republic of China P.Huang
75
Short Report Implementation of Total Quality Management at Bas,kent University M.Coruh
83
Book Reviews
85
Quality Assurance in Developing Countries Report on a Consultative Meeting held in St. Johns, Newfoundland, in May 1995, in Conjunction with the 12th ISQua World Congress T. V. van Zanten
89
Conference Announcement
93
Symposium Announcement
95
Abstracts en este Numero
97
IV
Contents
i NUMBER 2
Counterpoint Using Outcome Data to Measure Quality in Health Care N. Boyce
101
Health Status Assessment and Managed Care Competition: are we on Target? G. Apolone and P. Mosconi
105
Health Status Measurement and the Assessment of Medical Care J. Mant and N. Hicks
107
Health Status Assessment: the Integrating Force of US Market-based Reform D. Lansky
111
Papers The Hubris of Health Status Measurement a Clarification of its Role in the Assessment of Medical Care N. Goldfield Use of Severity of Illness to Evaluate Quality of Care T. A. Mackenzie, A. Greenaway-Coates, M. S. Djurfeldt and W. M. Hopman Quality of Primary Health Care in Developing Countries: Recent Experiences and Future Directions I. H. Reerink and R. Sauerborn
115 125
131
Improving Patient Care in the UK: Clinical Audit in the Oxford Region A. Gillies
141
Patients Not Included in Medical Audit Have a Worse Outcome Than Those Included J. Elfstrom, A. Stubberod and T. Troeng
153
Are Operative Delivery Procedures in Greece Socially Conditioned? Y. Skalkldis, E. Petridou, E. Papathoma, K. Revinthi, D. Tong and D. Trichopoulos
159
The Quality of Hospital Discharge: a Survey of Discharge Arrangements for the Over-65s K. Fairhurst, M. Blair, J. Cutting, M. Featherstone, B. Hayes, M. Howarth, D. Rose and I. Stanley
167
Patient Satisfaction on a Medical Day Ward: a Comparison of Nurse-led and Physician-led Services J. Sitzia, J. Fitt, R. Buckingham and C. Dikken
175
Towards Quality in Complementary Health Care: is the German "Heilpraktiker" a Model for Complementary Practitioners? • E.Ernst
187
Methodology Matters Exploring Variability when Interpreting Performance Rates J. Orav
191
Short Reports US Experiences for Quality Assurance in Swiss Health Care Settings S. L. Schmidt The First National Conference on Quality in Health Care in Egypt N. Rafeh and S. Gadalla Book Review
195 199 201
Contents
V
Announcement
203
Abstracts en est Numero
205 NUMBERS
Editorial On Opening "Black Boxes" and Looking Inside L. L Iezzoni
209
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Guidelines, Audit and Feedback: Improving the use of Intravenous Thrombolysis in Patients with Suspected Acute Myocardial Infarction M. B. Robinson, E. Thompson and N. A. Black Establishing Thresholds for Adverse Patient Outcomes M. Z. Ansari, B. T. Collopy and I. G. McDonald
'
211 223
Quality Assessment: is the Focus on Providers or on Patients? S. H. Scholle, J. Bernier, B. Starfield, N. R. Powe and J. P. Weiner
231
Patients' and Carers' Satisfaction with Hospital-in-the-Home Care M. Montalto
243
Aspects of Patient Satisfaction with Communication in Surgical Care: Confirming Qualitative Feedback Through Quantitative Methods P. Meredith and C. Wood
253
Patient Attitudes to Major Surgery in Rural Keyna E. Nordberg and S. Holmberg
265
Quality Assurance in Swiss University Hospitals: a Survey Among Clinical Department Heads B. Graz, J. P. Vader, B. Burnand and F. Paccaud
271
Perinatal Information System: a Methodological Proposal L. Krauss Silva
279
Effectiveness and Prognostic Factors of Success in 12 Smoking Cessation Clinics in the Hospitals of Assistance Publique-Hdpitaux de Paris A. Giraud, V. Fournier, C. Yeu, H. Logerot, D. Manac'h and D. Jolly
291
Every Defect is a Treasure
297
Methodology Matters IE Validity Review of Performance Measures A. G. Lawthers
299
Announcements
307
President's Report
313
VI
Contents
NUMBER 4 Editorial Managed Care and Melting Moments R. H. Palmer
317
Papers A Model to Assess the Usefulness of Performance Indicators R. S. Turpin, L. A. Darcy, R. Koss, C. McMahill, K. Meyne, D. Morton, J. Rodriguez, S. Schmaltz, P. Schyve and P. Smith
321
Clinical Audit, Related Cycles and Types of Health Care Quality: a Preliminary Model S. J. Redfern and I. J. Norman
331
Quality in Health Care: Traditions, Influences and Future Directions G. Harvey
341
The Contribution of Epidemiology to CQI: a Commentary V. A. Kazandjian
351
Gender Difference in the Utilization and Users' Characteristics of Community Rehabilitation Programs for Cerebrovascular Disease Patients in Japan N. Tamiya, S. Araki, Y. Kobayashi, K. Yamashita, K. Murata and E. Yano
359
Primary Health Care Replacing Hospital Care — the Effect on Quality of Care M. E. C. Kaag, D. Wijkel and Dick de Jong
367
An Audit of Meal Provision in an Elderly Care Hospital C. R. Hankey and H. A. Wynne
375
Family Practice in Saudi Arabia: Chronic Morbidity and Quality of Care S. A. Al-Shammari, M. Nass, M. A. Al-Maatouq and J. M. Al-Quaiz
383
Book Reviews
389
Methodology Matters — IV Constructing Algorithm Flowcharts for Clinical Performance Measurement N. J. Banks
395
Speech Given at the Closing Ceremony of the 13th ISQua Congress The Effectiveness of Quality Assurance A. Donabedian
401
13th International ISQua Congress
409
Prize Winners Announcement
417
Abstracts en este Numero
419 NUMBERS
Supporting Consumer Involvement in Decision Making: what Constitutes Quality in Consumer Health Information? V. A. Entwistle, T. A. Sheldon, A. J. Sowden and L S. Watt
425
Evidence-based Consumer Health Information: Developing Teaching in Critical Appraisal Skills 439 R. Milne and S. Oliver
Contents
VII
The Relationship Between Meeting Patients' Information Needs and their Satisfaction with Hospital Care and General Health Status Outcomes C. O. Larson, E. C. Nelson, D. Gustafson and P. B. Batalden
447
Feasibility of National Benchmarking of Patient Satisfaction with Australian Hospitals M. Draper and S. Hill
457
Patients' Perception of Quality Hospital Care and Hospital Occupancy: are there Biases Associated with Assessing Quality Care Based on Patients' Perceptions? J. A. Boscarino
467
Consumers and Health Policy Development: Confessions of a Guarded Optimist C. Kushner
479
Raising the Standard: Practice Guidelines and Consumer Participation H. Bastian
485
Cultural Safety in Nursing: the New Zealand Experience E. Papps and L Ramsden
491
Methodology Matters — V Focus Groups R. A. Powell and H. M. Single
499
Short Report A New Type of Health Service for Consumers in the USA: Health Pages
505
C. Cronin Book Reviews
509
Abstracts en este Numero
513 NUMBER 6
Editorial Competition and Quality: Friends or Foes? A. Thompson Papers Influence of Location and Staff Knowledge on Quality of Retail Pharmacy Prescribing for Childhood Diarrhea in Kenya P. K. Goel, D. Ross-Degnan, T. J. McLaughlin and S. B. Soumerai
517
519
Impact of Hospital and Community Provider Based Clinical Audit Programmes: Perceptions of Doctors, Nurses and Other Health Professionals J. Lord and P. Littlejohns
527
Quality of Documentation in Medical Reports of Diabetic Patients B. Liesenfeld, H. Heekeren, G. Schade and K. D. Hepp
537
Appropriateness of Admission and the Last 24 Hours of Hospital Care in Medical Wards in an East London Teaching Group Hospital A. Honghton, A. Bowling, I. Jones and K. Clarke
543
The Development and Application of a Patient Satisfaction Measurement System for Hospital-wide Quality Improvement J. E. Arnetz and B. B. Arnetz
555
VIII
Contents
Quality of Work Incapacity Assessment in the Swiss Disability Insurance System I. Cassis, K. Dupriez, B. Burnand and J. P. Vader
567
Preliminary Report of Data Collection in Hospital Quality Assurance Programs — a Project of the Association of Hospitals of the Czech Republic R. G. Farmer, D. Marx and Z. Roithova
577
Accreditation Programs for Hospitals: Funding and Operation
583
L. Bohigas, D. Smith, T. Brooks, T. Donahue, E. Heidemann, B. Donaldson and C. Shaw Book Reviews
591
Every Defect is a Treasure
599
IX
AUTHOR INDEX Al-Maatouq, M. A. 383 Al-Quaiz, J. M. 383 Al-Shammari, S. A. 383 Ansari, M. Z. 223 Apolone, G. 105 Araki, S. 359 Arnetz, B. B. 555 Arnetz, J. E. 555 Audet, A.-M. 41 Bade, P. F. 3 Banks, N. J. 395 Bastian, H. 485 Batalden, P. B. 447 Bemier, J. 231 Bero, L. A. 21 Black, N. A. 211 Blair, M. 167 Bobadilla, J. L. 13 Bohigas, L. 583 Boscarino, J. A. 467 Bowling, A. 543 Boyce, N. 101 Brooks, T. 583 Buckingham, R. 175 Bumand,B. 271,567 Casanova, C. 51 Cassis, I. 567 Clarke, K. 543 Coast, J. 31 Cohen, Y. C. 67 Collopy, B. T. 223 Colomer, C. 51 Coria-Soto, I. L. 13 Coruh, M. 83 Cutting, J. 167 Darcy, L. A. 321 Dikken, C. 175 Djurfeldt, M. S. 125 Donabedian, A. 401 Donahue, T. 583 Donaldson, B. 583 Draper, M. 457 Dupriez, K. 567 Elfstrm, J. 153 Enrwistle, V. A. 425 Epple, P. 3 Ernst, E. 187 Fairhurst, K. 167 Farmer, R. G. 577 Featherstone, M. 167 Fitt, J. 175
Fournier, V. 291 Gadalla, S. 199 Gillies, A. 141 Giraud, A. 291 Goel,P. K.519 Goldberg, K. C. 3 Goldfield,N. 115 Goodnough,L. T. 41 Graz.B.271 Greenaway-Coates, A. 125 Guse, C. 3 Gustafson, D. 447 Hankey, C. R. 375 Hartz, A. J. 3 Harvey, G. 341 Hayes, B. 167 Heekeren, H. 537 Heideman, E. 583 Hepp, K. D. 537 Hicks, N. 107 Hill, S. 457 Holmberg, 265 Hopman, W. M. 125 Houghton, A. 543 Howarth, M. 167 Huang, P. 75 Iezzoni, L. I. 209 Inglis.A. 31 Jolly, D. 291 Jones, I. 543 Jong, D.de 367 Kaag, M. E. C. 367 Kazandjian, V. A. 351 Kobayashi, Y. 359 Koss, R. 321 Krauss Silva, L. 279 Kushner, C. 479 Lansky.D. I l l Lapsley, H. M. 61 Larson, C. O. 447 Lawthers, A. G. 299 Liesenfeld, B. 537 Littlejohns, P. 527 Logerot, H. 291 Lord, J. 527 Mackenzie, T. A. 125 Manac'h, D. 291 Mant, J. 107 Marx, D. 577 McDonald, I. G. 223
McLaughlin, T. J. 519 McMahill, C. 321 Meredith, P. 253 Meyne, K. 321 Milne, R. 439 Montalto, M. 243 Morton, D. 321 Mosconi, P. 105 Mozes, B. 67 Murata, K. 359 Nass, M. 383 Nelson, E. C. 447 Nordberg, E. 265 Norman, I. J. 331 Notzon, F. 13 Oliver, S. 439 Olmer, L. 67 Orav, J. 191 Paccaud, F. 271 Palmer, R. H. 317 Papathoma, E. 159 Papps, E. 491 Parvin, C. A. 41 Peters, T. J. 31 Petridou, E. 159 Phillips, K. A. 21 Powe, N. R. 231 Powell, R. A. 499 Rafeh, N. 199 Ramsden, I. 491 Redfem, S. J. 331 Reerink, I. H. 131 Revinthi, K. 159 Robinson, M. B. 211 Rodriguez, J. 321 Roithova, Z. 577 Rose, D. 167 Ross-Degnan, D. 519 Sauerbom, R. 131 Schade, G. 537 Schmaltz, S. 321 Schmidt, S. L. 195 SchoUe.S. H. 231 Schyve,P.321 Shaw, C. 583 Shaw, C. D. 1 Sheldon, T. A. 425 Sigmann, P. 3 Single, H. M. 499 Sitzia, J. 175 Skalkidis, Y. 159
AUTHOR INDEX (continued) Smith, D. 583 Smith, P. 321 Soumerai, S. B. 519 Sowden, A. J. 425 Stanley, L 167 StarfiekLB.51,231 Stubberd, A. 153 Tamiya, N. 359 Thompson, A. 517 Thompson, E. 211
Tong, D. 159 Trichopoulos, D. 159 Troeng, T. 153 Turpin, R. S. 321 Vader, J. P. 567 Vader, J. P. 271 Vogels, R. 61
Wijkel, D. 367 Wood, C. 253 Wynne, H. A. 375 Yamashita, K. 359 Yano, E. 359 Yeu, C. 291 Zanten, T. V. van 89
Watt, I. S. 425 Weiner, J. P. 231
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International Journal for Quality in Health Care (Formerly Quality Assurance in Health Care) The Official Journal of the International Society for Quality in Health Care (ISQua)
Editor-in-Chief: R. HEATHER PALMER Regional Editors: HEATHER BUCHAN ANDREW THOMPSON BEATRIZ ZURTTA
Editorial Committee
JOHN KELLY, Malvem, PA, USA
DAVID BALLARD, Decatur, GA, USA JOHN BEST, Balmain, NSW, Australia NICK BLACK, London, UK ROBERT BROOK,
ALISON KTTSON, Oxford, United Kingdom ALESSANDRO LDBERATI, Milan, Italy
Santa Monica, CA, USA
ANU MACINTOSH, Toronto, Canada
BRIAN COLLOPY, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia JANET CORRIGAN, Washington, DC, USA JUST EBBESEN, Nordbyhagen, Norway REUBEN ELDAR, Raanana, Israel JINNET FOWLES, Minneapolis, MN, USA ALEXANDRA GIRAUD, Bondy, France RICHARD GROL, Nijmegen, The Netherlands LASZLO GULACSI, Debrecen, Hungary MAIMUNAH A. HAMID, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
PING HUANG, Taipei, Taiwan
Yuicm IMANAKA, Tokyo, Japan WILLIAM JESSEE, Louisville, KT, USA
MALGORZATA NABIALCZYK, Boston, MA, USA DAVID NICHOLAS, Bethesda, MD, USA JESSIE ORLICH, San Jose", Costa Rica JOSE MARIA PAGANINI, Washington, DC, USA HAYA RUBIN, Baltimore, MD, USA PEDRO SATURNO, Murcia, Spain HANS-KONRAD SELBMANN, Tubingen, Germany
YANNIS SKALKIDIS, Athens, Greece MARCIA STEVIC, Sun Lakes, AZ, USA ROSA SUNOL, Barcelona, Spain STUART WHITTAKER, Tygerberg, South
Pergamon
Africa
Invitation from the Editor The Editor of The International Journal for Quality in Health Care invites the submission of manuscripts from authors engaged in quality improvement in health care or conducting research in this field. Manuscripts receive peer review, where possible from at least one reviewer with knowledge of the health care system under discussion. The Journal welcomes manuscripts from all areas of the world, both from authors and programmes with broad experience in quality assurance and improvement efforts, and from those working on the development of such programmes. Papers about practice and research activities based on experience or knowledge of many nations' distinctive systems of care, resources and improvement goals, inform our readership and make important and vital contributions to the on-going international discussion of effective quality of care programmes and methodologies. For further details, please read the "Instructions for Authors" in the endpages of this issue. Note to Readers: Please check the Inside Front Cover of this and subsequent issues of the Journal for Information on changes to the contact information for ISQua, changes in annual membership rates, and other important updates about the Journal, the Society and its officers.
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