Understanding Water Use of Cropping Systems in Southwest Michigan Using Remote Sensing
Prakash Kumar Jha , Amor V M Ines a
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Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences; Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University
INTRODUCTION • Southwest Michigan has diverse and evolving cropping systems. • Changes in landscape’s roughness alters the water-energy interactions which in turn will result in variable crop water requirements. • Aside from increasing operational costs, over-irrigation increases the incidence of fungal infections and other crop diseases, and leaches nutrients. • Under-irrigation that is not smartly designed exposes the crops to unwanted water stress that reduces yields. • Remote sensing play significant role in quantifying and improving crop water use efficiency
OBJECTIVES
Motivation of the study:
RESULTS
CONCLUSIONS
(Source: Abraha et al., 2015)
TASK 1: Remote Sensing of ET for Southwest Michigan’s cropping systems: Results have shown here for the ET at KBS Lux-arbor site with flux tower (KL-1) of AmeriFlux sites.
The overall objective is to understand the drivers of the complex and evolving cropping systems in Southwest Michigan to improve irrigation efficiency and hence, profitability and sustainability. The specific objectives are; 1. Estimate and validate actual crop ET in the study area using remote sensing. 2. Improve crop coefficient (kc) curves of corn, soybean and potatoes in the study area
METHODOLOGY TASK 1: Estimation and validation of remotely sensed ET for Southwest Michigan’s cropping systems: SEBAL (Bastiaanssen et al., 2005); PT-JPL (Fisher et al., 2017; MODIS (8-Day) (Running et al., 2017) model is used to estimate ETactual . Validation by ET from flux towers and FAO-Kc approach (Allen et al., 1998).
TASK 2: Development of specific kc-curves for corn, soybean and potatoes in Southwest Michigan Figure 3. Seasonal ET estimates from SEBAL. PT-JPL, MODIS-8day , FAO-Kc approach and Flux tower for corn at KBS, Kalamazoo, MI (2010-2012). FAO crop factor approach (kc*ETref) TASK 2: Development of specific kc-curves for corn in Southwest Michigan: Similar Kc-curve has been developed for soybean and potatoes
Figure 4. Remote sensing-based crop specific kc-curve for corn at two corn field at Lux-arbor KBS and Marshall Farm KBS (2010-2012) and comparison through FAO kc-curve.
Figure 2. Framework for estimating ETactual and improving Kc-curves for improving water use efficiency
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• At the cropping system level, quantifying crop water requirements poses always a challenge. • Estimation of ET through RS gives improved estimation of Kccurves for specific crops which needs to adjust for optimum condition. • To achieve high irrigation efficiency in a cropping season, it is important to optimize water use through informed technological management. • This project will have a significant impact to growers in Southwest Michigan for optimizing their water use efficiency in crops.
REFERENCES
• Abraha, M., Chen, J., Chu, H., Zenone, T., John, R., Su, Y. J., ... & Robertson, G. P. (2015). Evapotranspiration of annual and perennial biofuel crops in a variable climate. Gcb Bioenergy, 7(6), 1344-1356. • Allen, R. G., Pereira, L. S., Raes, D., & Smith, M. (1998). Crop evapotranspiration-Guidelines for computing crop water requirements-FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56. FAO, Rome, 300(9), D05109. • Bastiaanssen, W. G. M., Noordman, E. J. M., Pelgrum, H., Davids, G., Thoreson, B. P., & Allen, R. G. (2005). SEBAL model with remotely sensed data to improve water-resources management under actual field conditions. Journal of irrigation and drainage engineering, 131(1), 85-93. • Fisher, J.B., Melton, F., Middleton, E., Hain, C., Anderson, M., Allen, R., McCabe, M.F., Hook, S., Baldocchi, D., Townsend, P.A. and Kilic, A., (2017). The future of evapotranspiration: Global requirements for ecosystem functioning, carbon and climate feedbacks, agricultural management, and water resources. Water Resources Research, 53(4), pp.2618-2626. • Running, S. W., Mu, Q., Zhao, M., & Moreno, A. (2017). MODIS Global Terrestrial Evapotranspiration (ET) Product (NASA MOD16A2/A3) NASA Earth Observing System MODIS Land Algorithm. NASA: Washington, DC, USA.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS & CONTACTS This work has been funded by KBS-LTER and MSU AgBioResearch. Special thanks to : Dr. A. Pouyan Nejadhashemi for help in satellite data analysis Dr. Jiquan Chen for sharing flux tower data. Dr. Joshua Fisher (NASA/JPL) for sharing PT-JPL data. Lyndon Kelley and Steve Miller for field data collection.
Figure 1. Study area of Southwest Michigan and SEBAL ET map of June 6, 2017
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Two corn field has different land-use history. Farm at Lux-arbor was under Corn-Soybean rotation and Marshall’s Farm was under CRP grasslands for 22 years before conversion in 2009.
Contacts: Prakash Kumar Jha :
[email protected] Dr. Amor V M Ines :
[email protected] Visit us at: www.aasm.psm.msu.edu
