introduction to business syllabus

IR 227: PEACE AND WAR

Semester: Spring 2010 Lectures: TR: 14:00—15:15 Location: B&L 270 Office Hours: TR. 13:00-14:00

Instructor: Thomas Chadefaux E-mail: thomas.chadefaux@ rochester.edu Office: 327 Harkness Hall Phone: 585-275-0620

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This lecture examines the mechanisms by which war can be prevented in international relations. What works, what does not, and why? Theoretical notions and empirical findings will be introduced to address three main sets of issues: first, how do states negotiate or act to prevent the escalation of their disputes into war? Should they really prepare for war if they want peace? Can appeasement work? And do mediators help? Second, if negotiations fail, can long and costly wars be avoided—that is, how can war be terminated most effectively? Does peace-making work? Finally, once peace has been obtained, what mechanisms work best to maintain it? When is peace-keeping effective? And how should agreements be crafted to avoid the recurrence of war? These questions will be addressed in the context of both civil and interstate wars.

GRADING

Examination

Description

Midterm 1

Short questions (6) + long questions (2)

20%

Final exam

Short questions (8) + long question (2)

25%

Midterm 2 Paper

Participation

Short questions (6) + long questions (2) Max 1300 words (about 5 double spaced pages). Attendance / Participation.

Weight

20% 20% 15%

Midterm and Final • Short questions (10 pts each) aim to test your knowledge. Any fact or concept covered in the lecture or the readings can be asked. Answers need only be a few sentences long, half a page at most. • Long questions (20 pts each) will test your understanding of concepts and their relationships. Outlines/bullet points are accepted. A review session will be held in class prior to each exam

Thomas Chadefaux – IR 227: Peace and War – Syllabus Spring 2010

Paper Subject: For one of the civil wars in the list provided, argue whether the war was caused by greed or grievance. Important: You may only support your argument with sources dated on or before the starting day of the conflict (indicated in the table below). Grading factors: Content (60%), style (20%), structure (20%). Participation Grade This grade will be determined by your attendance, the questions you ask, and the answers or comments you provide.

TEXTBOOKS / READING MATERIAL

The textbook is available on reserve at the library (2 hour limit) and has been ordered at the University of Rochester bookstore.

Crocker, Chester A. et al., eds. Leashing the Dogs of War. Herndon, VA: USIP Press, 2006. Late work policy

LECTURE POLICIES

The following penalties may be applied for late work: •

• • •

Work submitted 1-2 calendar days AFTER its due date may be graded down a maximum of 10%. Works submitted 3-6 calendar days AFTER its due date may be graded down a maximum of 20%. Work submitted 7-21 days AFTER its due date may be graded down a maximum of 30%. Work submitted more than 21 days AFTER its due date will receive an automatic zero.

Paper Submissions

Your paper should include: A title page with an abstract (150 words). This page should contain: the paper's title and your name; the date and course number; a word count; and the abstract. The paper itself should be double-spaced, 1” margins on all sides, 12 pt font size, and right-justified. A references page (APA style). Sources should be alphabetized by the author's last name (or, for sources without authors, by the first letter in the title). Page 2 of 7


COURSE OUTLINE

#

Date

Title

1

01/14

Introduction

3

01/ 21

Explanations for Interstate Wars: Individual Level

2 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

01/19 01/26 01/28 02/02

Trends in War and Peace / Peace movements Explanations for Interstate Wars: State Level

Explanations for Interstate Wars: Decision-making Level Explanations for Civil Wars: Greed

Readings Ch. 1

Ch. 3, 29 Ch. 2

Ch. 10

MIDTERM 1

Ch. 12, 8, 11, 13, 9

02/11

The Democratic Peace

Ch. 33

02/18

Disarmament and Arms Control

Ch. 4

Coercive Diplomacy

Ch. 17, 19

02/04 02/09 02/16 02/23 02/25 03/02 03/06 03/16 03/18

Explanations for Civil Wars: Grievance Does Trade Promote Peace? Peace through Strength Mediation

International Law / Laws of War / War tribunals Ceasefire Agreements

Ch. 14, 15 Ch. 25, 26 Ch. 30, 32

The Role of the UN and Regional Organizations

Ch. 28, 30

03/25

The Role of non-state actors

Ch. 27, 31

04/01

Foreign Aid

03/23 03/30 04/06 04/08 04/13 04/15 04/20 04/22 04/27

MIDTERM 2

Stability, failed States

Humanitarian Intervention 1 Humanitarian Intervention 2 Peacekeeping 1 Peacekeeping 2

Ending Civil Wars Peace-building FINAL EXAM

Ch 6, 7, 37 Ch. 14, 16, 34 Ch. 18, 28 Ch. 36

Ch. 21, 23, 35 Page 3 of 7


# 501 502 503 504 505 507 509 510 512 513 514 515 517 519 521 522 524 525 527 528 529 530 532 533 534 535 537 538 539 540 542 543 544 545 550 551 553 554 555 557 558 560 561 563 564 567

War Name Two Sicilies vs. Anti-Monarchists Spain vs. Royalists Sardinia vs. Sardinian Rebels Ottoman Empire vs. Greeks Ottoman Empire vs. Janissaries Portugal vs. Conservatives Netherlands vs. Belgians France vs. Liberals Russia vs. Poles of 1831 Ottoman Empire vs. Egyptians Mexico vs. Liberals of 1832 Spain vs. Carlists of 1834 Mexico vs. Texans Ottoman Empire vs. Mehmet Ali Colombia vs. Progressives Argentina vs. Unitarios Spain vs. Carlists of 1847 Mexico vs. Yucatan Maya Two Sicilies vs. Liberals France vs. Republicans Austria-Hungary vs. Viennese Austria-Hungary vs. Magyars Chile vs. Liberals Ottoman Empire vs. Montenegrins of 1852 Peru vs. Liberals of 1853 Peru vs. Conservatives Mexico vs. Liberals of 1858 Ottoman Empire vs. Montenegrins of 1858 Venezuela vs. Liberals China vs. Taipings China vs. Niens China vs. Miaos Colombia vs. Liberals of 1860 United States of America vs. Confederacy Russia vs. Poles of 1863 Argentina vs. Montoneros Argentina vs. Federalists Ottoman Empire vs. Cretans of 1866 Venezuela vs. Conservatives Spain vs. Liberals Argentina vs. Entre Rios Province France vs. Communards Spain vs. Carlists of 1872 Ottoman Empire vs. Christian Bosnians United States of America vs. Sioux Indians Colombia vs. Liberals of 1876

Year 1820 1821 1821 1821 1826 1829 1830 1830 1831 1831 1832 1834 1835 1839 1840 1841 1847 1847 1848 1848 1848 1848 1851 1852 1853 1856 1858 1858 1859 1860 1860 1860 1860 1861 1863 1863 1866 1866 1868 1868 1870 1871 1872 1875 1876 1876

M 7 12 3 3 6 7 8 7 2 11 1 7 10 6 7 1 5 7 1 2 3 9 9 12 12 10 2 5 2 1 1 1 5 4 1 4 12 5 1 9 5 4 4 7 2 11

D 2 1 10 25 14 1 25 25 7 1 2 15 1 10 15 1 15 26 12 22 13 9 15 2 21 31 15 4 1 1 1 1 15 10 22 2 15 29 11 19 20 2 20 3 1 15

Insurgent Group Anti-Monarchists Royalists Sardinian Rebels Greeks Janissaries Conservatives Belgians Liberals Poles Egyptians Liberals Carlists Texans Mehmet Ali Progressives Unitarios Carlists Yucatan Maya Liberals Republicans Viennese Magyars Liberals Montenegrins Liberals Conservatives Liberals Montenegrins Liberals Taipings Niens Miaos Liberals Confederacy Poles Montoneros Federalists Cretans Conservatives Liberals Entre Rios Province Communards Carlists Christian Bosnians Sioux Indians Liberals Page 4 of 7


568 569 570 573 574 575 577 578 582 583 585 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 597 598 599 600 603 604 607 608 609 610 612 613 614 617 618 619 620 623 624 625 627 628 629 630 632 633 634

Japan vs. Satsumas Argentina vs. Buenos Aires of 1880 Colombia vs. Liberals of 1884 Chile vs. Congressists Brazil vs. Rio Grande do Sul Brazil vs. Naval Royalists Peru vs. Liberals of 1894 Brazil vs. Canudos Colombia vs. Liberals of 1899 Venezuela vs. Castro Led Rebels Ottoman Empire vs. VMRO Rebels Uruguay vs. Blancos Russia vs. Workers/Peasants Rumania vs. Peasants Morocco vs. Fez Caids of 1907 Iran vs. Constitutionalists Mexico vs. Liberals & Radicals Morocco vs. Fez Caids of 1911 Paraguay vs. Liberals China vs. Republicans of 1911 China vs. Republicans of 1913 China vs. Pai-Lings Russia vs. Kirghiz & Kazables Russia vs. Anti-Bolsheviks Finland vs. Communists Hungary vs. Anti-Communists Mexico vs. Huerta Led Rebels Bulgaria vs. Agrarian League Honduras vs. Conservatives Afghanistan vs. Anti-Reformists of 1924 China vs. Kuomintang Mexico vs. Cristeros Afghanistan vs. Anti-Reformists of 1928 Mexico vs. Escoban Led Rebels Saudi Arabia vs. Ikhwan China vs. War Lords China vs. Communists of 1930 El Salvador vs. Leftists Peru vs. Aprista Rebels Brazil vs. Paolistas Austria vs. Socialists Spain vs. Asturian Miners Spain vs. Fascists Greece vs. Communists China vs. Communists of 1946 Paraguay vs. Leftists China vs. Taiwanese

1877 1880 1884 1891 1893 1893 1894 1896 1899 1899 1903 1904 1905 1907 1907 1908 1910 1911 1911 1911 1913 1914 1916 1917 1918 1919 1923 1923 1924 1924 1926 1926 1928 1929 1929 1929 1930 1932 1932 1932 1934 1934 1936 1944 1946 1947 1947

1 6 11 1 2 9 10 10 9 5 8 1 1 3 8 6 11 1 7 10 7 3 7 12 1 3 12 9 2 3 7 8 11 3 3 3 11 1 7 6 2 10 7 12 3 3 2

29 15 15 7 2 6 15 1 1 24 2 1 22 15 1 23 20 15 15 11 12 15 4 9 28 25 4 23 9 15 1 31 10 3 30 1 15 22 7 9 12 4 18 3 15 7 28

Satsumas Buenos Aires Liberals Congressists Rio Grande do Sul Naval Royalists Liberals Canudos Liberals Castro Led Rebels VMRO Rebels Blancos Workers/Peasants Peasants Fez Caids Constitutionalists Liberals & Radicals Fez Caids Liberals Republicans Republicans Pai-Lings Kirghiz & Kazables Anti-Bolsheviks Communists Anti-Communists Huerta Led Rebels Agrarian League Conservatives Anti-Reformists Kuomintang Cristeros Anti-Reformists Escoban Led Rebels Ikhwan War Lords Communists Leftists Aprista Rebels Paolistas Socialists Asturian Miners Fascists Communists Communists Leftists Taiwanese Page 5 of 7


635 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 647 648 649 650 652 653 654 655 657 658 659 660 662 663 664 665 667 670 672 675 677 678 679 680 682 683 684 685 687 688 689 690 691 693 694 695 697

Yemen Arab Republic vs. Yahya Family Costa Rica vs. National Union Party Colombia vs. Conservatives Burma vs. Karens Colombia vs. Liberals of 1949 Indonesia vs. Moluccans Philippines vs. Huks Bolivia vs. Leftists Indonesia vs. Darul Islam Guatemala vs. Conservatives Argentina vs. Army China vs. Tibetans Indonesia vs. Leftists Lebanon vs. Leftists of 1958 Cuba vs. Castroites Iraq vs. Shammar Tribe Republic of Vietnam vs. NLF Zaire vs. Katanga & Leftists Laos vs. Pathet Lao of 1960 Iraq vs. Kurds of 1961 Algeria vs. Former Rebel Leaders Yemen Arab Republic vs. Royalists Laos vs. Pathet Lao of 1963 Sudan vs. Anya Nya Rwanda vs. Watusi Dominican Republic vs. Leftists Uganda vs. Buganda Tribe China vs. Red Guard Nigeria vs. Biafrans Cambodia vs. Khmer Rouge of 1970 Jordan vs. Palestinians Guatemala vs. Leftists of 1970 Pakistan vs. Bengalis Sri Lanka vs. Janatha Vimukthi-JVP Philippines vs. Moros Burundi vs. Hutu of 1972 Philippines vs. NPA Zimbabwe vs. Patriotic Front Pakistan vs. Baluchi Rebels Chile vs. Pinochet Led Rebels Ethiopia vs. Eritrean Rebels Iraq vs. Kurds of 1974 Lebanon vs. Leftists of 1975 Angola vs. UNITA of 1975 Ethiopia vs. Somali Rebels Guatemala vs. Leftists of 1978 Ethiopia vs. Tigrean Liberation Front

1948 1948 1948 1948 1949 1950 1950 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1956 1958 1958 1959 1960 1960 1960 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1963 1965 1966 1967 1967 1970 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1978 1978

2 3 4 9 9 5 9 4 9 6 6 3 12 5 6 3 1 7 10 9 7 11 4 10 11 4 5 1 7 3 9 11 3 4 1 4 10 12 1 9 1 3 4 11 7 3 3

17 12 9 15 15 31 1 9 20 8 15 1 15 9 15 6 1 4 15 16 28 15 19 1 15 25 23 15 6 20 17 15 25 6 1 30 1 28 23 11 1 18 13 11 1 12 20

Yahya Family National Union Party Conservatives Karens Liberals Moluccans Huks Leftists Darul Islam Conservatives Army Tibetans Leftists Leftists Castroites Shammar Tribe NLF Katanga & Leftists Pathet Lao Kurds Former Rebel Leaders Royalists Pathet Lao Anya Nya Watusi Leftists Buganda Tribe Red Guard Biafrans Khmer Rouge Palestinians Leftists Bengalis Janatha Vimukthi-JVP Moros Hutu NPA Patriotic Front Baluchi Rebels Pinochet Led Rebels Eritrean Rebels Kurds Leftists UNITA Somali Rebels Leftists Tigrean Liberation Front Page 6 of 7


698 699 700 702 703 704 705 707 708 709 710 712 713 714 715 717 718 719 723 725 728 729 730 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 742 743 744 745 747 748 749 750 752 753 754 756 757 760

Afghanistan vs. Mujahedin Iran vs. Anti-Shah Coalition Nicaragua vs. Sandinistas Cambodia vs. Khmer Rouge of 1978 El Salvador vs. Salvadorean Dem. Front Mozambique vs. Renamo Chad vs. Frolinat of 1980 Nigeria vs. Muslim Fundamentalists of 1980 Uganda vs. National Resistance Army Iran vs. Mujaheddin Peru vs. Shining Path Nicaragua vs. Contras Somalia vs. Clan Factions Burma vs. Kachin Rebels Sri Lanka vs. Tamils Sudan vs. SPLA-Garang Faction Nigeria vs. Muslim Fundamentalists of 1984 Colombia vs. M-19 & Drug Lords Yemen People's Republic vs. Leftist Factions Burundi vs. Hutu of 1988 Rumania vs. Anti-Ceaucescu Rebels Rwanda vs. Tutsi Sierra Leone vs. RUF Yugoslavia/Serbia vs. Croatians Turkey vs. Kurds Burundi vs. Tutsi Supremacists Georgia vs. Gamsakurdia & Abkaz Azerbaijan vs. Nagorno-Karabakh Bosnia/Herzogovina vs. Serbs Algeria vs. Islamic Rebels Tadzhikistan vs. Popular Democratic Army Liberia vs. NPFL & ULIMO Angola vs. UNITA of 1992 Zaire vs. Rebels Burundi vs. Hutu of 1993 Cambodia vs. Khmer Rouge of 1993 Russia vs. Chechens Rwanda vs. Patriotic Front Yemen vs. South Yemen Pakistan vs. Mohajir Uganda vs. Lords Resistance Army Liberia vs. National Patriotic Forces Iraq vs. KDP Kurds Zaire vs. Kabila-ADFL Congo vs. Denis Sassou Nguemo

1978 1978 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1980 1981 1982 1982 1982 1983 1983 1983 1984 1984 1986 1988 1989 1990 1991 1991 1991 1991 1991 1991 1992 1992 1992 1992 1992 1993 1993 1993 1994 1994 1994 1994 1996 1996 1996 1996 1997

6 9 10 12 7 10 3 12 10 6 3 3 4 2 7 11 2 3 1 8 12 9 3 5 7 11 12 12 3 2 5 10 10 1 10 1 12 4 2 11 2 4 8 10 6

1 3 1 25 1 21 22 18 8 6 4 18 21 1 25 17 2 15 13 18 21 30 23 1 10 23 25 25 3 7 1 15 28 28 21 29 11 6 21 4 8 5 31 8 5

Mujahedin Anti-Shah Coalition Sandinistas Khmer Rouge Salvadorean Dem. Front Renamo Frolinat Muslim Fundamentalists National Resistance Army Mujaheddin Shining Path Contras Clan Factions Kachin Rebels Tamils SPLA-Garang Faction Muslim Fundamentalists M-19 & Drug Lords Leftist Factions Hutu Anti-Ceaucescu Rebels Tutsi RUF Croatians Kurds Tutsi Supremacists Gamsakurdia & Abkaz Nagorno-Karabakh Serbs Islamic Rebels Popular Democratic Army NPFL & ULIMO UNITA Rebels Hutu Khmer Rouge Chechens Patriotic Front South Yemen Mohajir Lords Resistance Army National Patriotic Forces KDP Kurds Kabila-ADFL Denis Sassou Nguemo

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