invertebrate fauna namibia

INVERTEBRATE FAUNA OF

NAMIBIA BIODIVERSITY AND BIBLIOGRAPHY

GRZEGORZ KOPIJ

DEPARTMENT OF INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF NAMIBIA OGONGO 2017

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Dedicated to Jan Klimaszewski, Marek Lipiński, Danuta Plisko and Wojciech Staręga, in the recongition of their contribution to African invertebrate zoology Author

Published by Department of Integrated Environmental Sciences, University of Namibia Private Bag 5520 Oshakati, Ogongo Campus, Namibia

First edition in 2017

Ccopright © by G. Kopij 2017

Cover design by G. Kopij Front cover: Upper left: Banded-legged Nephila Nephila senegalensis in Ogongo, Omustai Region Upper right: Common Garden Orb-web Spider Argiope australis in Ogongo, Omusati Region Middle left: Blue Pansy Precis oenone (Nymphalidae) Middle right: Belonogaster dubia (Vespidae) Lower left: Milkweed Locust Phymateus morbillosus (Pyrgomorphidae) in Katima Mulilo Lower right: Mopane Moth Gonimbrasia berlina (Saturnidae) in Ogongo, Omusati Region Back cover: From upper to lower, and from left to right: The author collecting insects from Welwitschia mirabilis in Damaraland Insect collection in the Hoanib Valley near Sesfontein, Kunene Region Raquet-shaped termite mound in Ogongo Deformation on a leaf caused by mites Nymphs of Cercopidae living in a ball of spittle on Zambezi River in Katima Mulilo Cicadidae sp., Buprestidae sp., Orthoptera sp., Sphingidae sp. Vine Hawk Moth Hippotion celerio (Sphingidae), Tenebrionidae sp., Dung Beetle (Scarabaeinae) All photographs by G. Kopij

ISBN: 978 99945-79-75-4

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CONTENT

INTRODUCTION

5

BIODIVERSITY OF NAMBIAN ANIMALS

7

ALL LITERATURE FROM 1991 TO 2010 General Porifera Cnidaria Helmintha Cestoda Trematoda

37 37 37 37 38 38 38

Nematoda Rotifera Annelida Tardigrada Arthropoda Crustacea Branchiopoda Euphasiacea Decapoda Mysidacea Isopoda Amphipoda Copepoda Ostracoda Branchiura Insecta Thysanura Odonata Ephemeroptera Plecoptera Orthoptera Mantodea Mantophasmatodea Isoptera Psocoptera Phthiraptera Thysanoptera Hemiptera Heteroptera ‘Homoptera’ Coleoptera Raphidioptera Neuroptera Hymenoptera Mecoptera Diptera Lepidoptera

38 39 39 39 39 39 40 40 40 41 41 41 42 42 42 43 43 43 43 44 44 45 45 45 46 46 46 46 46 48 48 54 54 55 59 59 65

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Trichoptera Myriapoda Arachnida Amblypygi Opiliones Scorpiones Solifugae Acari Araneae Mollusca Gastropoda Bivalvia Cephalopoda

65 69 70 70 70 70 71 71 72 75 75 76 77

KEY LITERATURE BEFORE 1991 General Porifera Cnidaria Helminthes Platyhelminthes Parasites Free-living Nemathelminthes Parasites Free-living Other groups Annelida Oligochaeta Polychaeta Hirudinea Gyphyrea Arthropoda Crustacea Branchiopoda Decapoda Isopoda Amphipoda Copepoda Cirripedia Branchiura Ostracoda Enthognatha Collembola Protura Diplura Insecta Thysanura Ephemeroptera Odonata

78 78 78 78 79 79 80 80 80 80 80 81 81 81 81 81 82 82 82 82 82 82 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 84 84 84 84 84 84

Embioptera Plecoptera Zoraptera Phasmatodea Orthoptera Mantodea Blattodea Isoptera Psocoptera Phthiraptera Thysanoptera Hemiptera Heteroptera ‘Homoptera’ Coleoptera Megaloptera Neuroptera Hymenoptera Symphyta Parasitica Aculeata Mecoptera Siphonaptera Strepsiptera

85 85 85 85 85 86 86 87 87 87 88 88 88 91 93 101 101 102 102 102 103 105 105 105

Diptera Trichoptera Lepidoptera Myriapoda Chilopoda Diplopoda Symphyla Pauropoda Chelicerata Pycnogonida Amblypygi Pedipalpi Opiliones Pseudoscorpionidea Scorpiones Solifugae Uropygi Acari Araneae Mollusca Gastropoda Bivalvia Lophophorata Echinodermata

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105 111 111 112 112 112 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 114 114 114 114 117 119 119 120 120 120

INTRODUCTION Biodiversity is a technical term which made a tremendous ‘career’ in the last 30 years (with over 20 millions hits on Google Search). It may be defined as a diversity of all forms of life from genes to ecosystems (Haywood & Watson 1995). The basic unit of the biodiversity is, however, the species. It constitutes a focal points of studing life as well as conserving all its forms. In the light of Genesis (2: 19-20), describing new species is one of the oldest and the most prominent man’s duity and reponsibility. Despite intese research, the exact number of species living on Earth is still unknown, and estimates range form 10 millions to 100 millions. So far, only a small fraction of this enoromous richness has been documented. By the year 2009, a total of 1 004 898 insect species were discirbed in the world out of 1 750 000 all living species known to science (Foottit & Adler 2009). But it has been estimated that this constitutes only ca. 10-20% of all insect species living on Earth (Heywood & Watson 1998). Our knowledge on biodiversity is skewed towards vertebrates (ca. 90% of all species already described) and vascular plants (ca. 85%) and towards temperate regions of the world, while invertebrates in tropical regions are still poorly known. Biodiversity is, however, centred in these tropical regions, where the Amazon Basin and the sub-Saharan Africa are regarded as its main stongholds (Haywood & Watson 1995). Scientists who study biodiversity do so mainly out of a fascination for different forms of life; no economic incentive is needed for them. However, most other people require the service of biodiversity to appreciate its value. Species should be, therefore, not only discovered, described, placed in systematic order, and catalogued; but also studied and applied for their potential services in agriculture, forestry, medicine, veterinary, biotechnology, pharmacology, chemistry, ecosystem management, etc. Such a holisting approach to biodiversity migh further invigorate the interest in and economic support for biodiversity studies. Biodiversity inventory faces scientific and technical challenges (Footti & Adler 2009). Documenting biodiversity is the first step in understanding the world’s biodiversity, in utilizing and conserving it. Namibia, like most other African countries, urgently needs information on its existing described biodiversity to foster further studies. The rich biodiversity in Namibia, as in many other African countries, is not matched, however, by its research and scientific infrastructure. The number of species is very high, but the number of taxomomists describing the species is very low, if not existent in many countries. This is also partly because most biodiversity collections from Africa are housed in Europe (London, Paris, Berlin, Vienna, Tervuren, Oxford, Munich, Budapest, Florence, Stokholm, Lund, Bytom), USA (Washington, New York, Chiocago, San Francisco) and South Africa (Pretoria, Cape Town, Bloemfontein, Grahamstown, Pietermaritzbutg), and only in seven out of 50 African countries (Windhoek, Bulawayo, Maputo, Dundo, Nairobi, Kampala, Dakar) (Footti & Adler 2009). A vast amount of data on Namibian invertebrate diversity are incarcerated in these museum collections listed above. These data are difficult to access, as large amount of time and money is required for visiting and working in these museums. However, some of these museums, for example the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, try to make the information readily available througth the network (mcz-28168.oeb.harvard.edu/mcztypedb.htm). The growing attemps of museums to make images of holoptypes deposited there, available through the worldwide web (together with their original disciptions), will greatly facilitate and improve biodiversity studies, especially in the tropical parts of the world. In that way enormous amount of time, energy and money could be saved, collections will remain better preserved (no need for shipments and direct hadling) and the rate of synonymy could be greatly reduced. Also most papers describing the Namibian biodiversity, and African at large, have been published in a vast number of journals and books scattered throughout the world over the last 260 years. Some of these desciptions were published in rather obscure journals, which copies are available today in merely few libraries. We have to unlock all these information to make it readily available for students and stakeholders interested to apply the biodiversity services in different sectors of our country’s economy. The goal can be partly fulfilled through compilation of a comprehensive regional biodiversity review and bibliography corresponding to this biodiversity. In that way it will also complement the Namibian vertebrate bibliography (Kopij 2014). The presented work fulfills this goal. It is composed of three parts. In the first part, a list of all invertebrate families ever recorded in Namibia are listed in systematic order from the most primitive to the most evolutionary advanced. For each such family, numbers of species and genera recorded in Namibia are given. This has been done to facilitate comparisons with the rest of southern Africa (south of Zambezi and Cunene rivers). Therefore, whenever appropriate data were available, the number of genera and species in southern Africa and in the world are also given. Such comparison will give an idea on how much is known about the taxonomy of each family in Namibia, and how much the taxon (family, oreder, class) in Namibia is important from a global perspective. For each family the pages with appropriate refrences in the bibliography are given. All references are listed in part II and III. In the second part, full bibliographic data of literature positions on Namiban invertabrates published during the years 1990-2010 are listed. The third part includs a selected bibliography of Namibian invertebrates published from the earliest time (1758) till 1989. It includes all key positions, more important world or African monographs, caltalogues and reviews, and most local (pertaining entirely to Namibia) checklists, articles and regional faunistic papers. The classication of all invertebrate phyla and classes follows Brusca & Brusca (2003), with some minor changes. Insect classification (orders, and families) follows Holm & Scholz (1985), except for magaorders (Hemiptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera), which follow the family arrangements in Footti & Adler (2009). Subfamily names of selected insect maga-families (Scarabaeidae, Chrysomelidae) follow these in Scholtz & Holm (1985). Arachinid and myriapod systematics follow that of Dippnaaer-Schoeman (2014) and Holm & Dippnaaer-Schoeman (2010). Higher taxonomy of Acarina follows Ivans

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(1992) and Walter & Proctor (1999); while family names of mites follows the Namibian Biodiversity Database (NDB). The nomenclature and taxonomy (order and family levels) of all other groups also follow the NDB. The number of invertebrate species and genera recorded in Namibia by the year 1991 are according to the NBD. The numbers have been updated by ‘Zoological Records’ for the years 1991-2010. The number of species in particular invertebrate phyla and clasess in the world are according to Brusca & Brusca (2003) and Hutchins et al. (2003 ab). The numbers of species in particular insect families worldwide are according to Footti & Adler (2009) and, if such numbers were not available there, they were taken from Resh & Carde (2009). The number od species and genera of insects in southern Africa are according to Holm (2008), except for Lepidoptera, which were taken from Kruger (2007). If the numbers were not available in Holm (2008), taken were numbers form Scholtz & Holm (1985). The numbers of arachnid species and genera refer to South Africa (not to the larger souther Africa), and are taken from Holm & Dippenaar-Schoeman (2010) or Dippenar-Schoeman (2012). The number of species and genera of aquatic invertebrates in southern Africa are according to Day et al. (2000-2010). If an insect family is not listed in Footti & Adler (2009), but it is listed in Scholtz & Holm (1985), the name of such family is given in italics. If it is not listed in Footti & Adler (2009) neither in Scholtz & Holm (1985), the name is given in italics and marked with an asterisk. In some cases such families may have subfamily rank in the most recent classifications. If so, the name of the family to which it now belongs is given in brackets. For the completeness of the list of described species in the world, southern Africa and Namibia, also higher vertebrate taxa are listed. The classification and number of fish species in the world are according to Moyle & Cech (2004), the number of freshwater genera and species of fishes in southern Africa – according to Skelton (1993) and Smith & Heemstra (1986). Classification and number of amphibian and reptile genera and species in the world – according to Vitt & Caldwell (2009); those numbers for southern Africa – according to du Preez & Carruthers (2009) and Branch (1998). Bird classification, number of genera and species both in the world and in southern Africa are taken from Hockey et al. (2005). Classification and number of genera and species of mammals in the world are according to Macdonald (2006), those number for southern Africa – according to Skinner & Smithers (1990).

REFERENCES Barnard, P. (ed.) 1998. Biological diversity of Namibia. A country study. Windhoek: Namibian National Biodiversity Tusk Force. Branch, B. 1994. Bill Branch’s field guide to the snakes and other reptiles of southern Africa. 3rd ed. Cape Town: Struik Publishers. Brusca, R. C., Brusca, G. J. 2003. Invertebrates. 2nd ed. Sunderland (Massachusetts): Sinauer Associates. Day J.A., Harrison A.D., De Moor J. 2001-2010. Guide to Freshwater Invertebrates of Southern Africa. Vol. 1-10. Pretoria: Water Research Commission. Dippenaar-Schoeman, A. 2014. Spiders of South Africa. Pretoria: LAPA Publishers. Du Preez, L., Carruthers, v. 2009. A complete guide to the frogs of southern Africa. Cape Town: Struik Nature. Evans, G.O. 1992. Principles of Acorology. Wallingford: CAB International. Footti, R., Adler, P. H. (eds.) 2009. Insect Biodiversity. Science and Society. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. Heywood, V. H., Watson R. T. (eds.) 1995. Global Biodiversity Assessment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Hockey, P.A.R., Dean, W.R.J., Ryan, P.G. 2005. Roberts’Birds of southern Africa. Cape Town: John Voelcker Bird Book Fund. Holm, E. 2008. Insectlopedia of Southern Africa. Pretoria: LAPA Publishers. Holm, E., Dippenaar-Schoeman, A. 2010. The Arthropods of Southern Africa. Pretoria: LAPA Publishers. Hutchins, M., Thoney, D.A., Schlager, N. (eds.) 2003a. Grzimek’s Animal Life Encyclopedia. Vol. 1: Lower Metazoans and Lesser Deuterostomes. Farmington Hills (MI): Gale Group. Hutchins, M., Craig, S.F., Thoney, D.A. (eds.) 2003b. Grzimek’s Animal Life Encyclopedia. Vol. 2: Prostomes. Farmington Hills (MI): Gale Group. Kopij, G. 2014. Namibian Wildlife Bibliography from the earliest time to 2010. Katima Mulilo: University of Namibia. Kruger, M. 2007. Composition and origin of the Lepidoptera faunas of southern Africa, Madagascar and Reunion (Insecta: Lepidoptera). Annals of Transvaal Museum, 44: 123-178. Macdonald, D.W. (ed.) 2006. The encyclopedia of mammals. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press. Moyle, P.B., Cech, J.J. 2004. Fishes. An introduction to ichthyology. 5 th ed. San Francisco: Pearson Benjamin Cummings. Resh, V.H., Carde, R.T. (eds.) 2009. Enclopaedia of Insects. 2 nd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Scholtz, C.H., Holm E. (eds.) 1985. Insects of Southern Africa. Durban: Butterworths. Skelton, P.H. 1993. A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Halfway House (RSA): Southern Book Skinner, J.D., Smithers, R.H.N. 1990. The mammals of southern African subregion. Pretoria: University of Pretoria. Smith, M.M., Heemstram, P.C. (eds.) 1986. Smiths’sea fishes Johannesburg: Macmillan S.A. Vitt, L.J., Caldwell, J.P. 2009. Herpetology. An introductory biology of amphibians and reptilians. 3 rd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Walter, D.E., Proctor, H.C. 1999. Mites: ecology, evolution and behavior. Wallingford (UK): CABI.

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BIODIVERSITY OF NAMIBIAN ANIMALS Biodiversity of Namibian animals in comparison with respective southern African and world fauna, according to the state of knowledge from the beginning of 21st century. For each taxa listed, pages with articles refering to these taxa are given in the most extreme right column. Listed are also taxa not hitherto recorded in Namibia, but which are expected to occur. Taxa Phylum PORIFERA Class CALCAREA Order LEUCOSOLENIDEA Leucosoleniidae Order ASTROPHORIDA Stellatiidae Order HAPLOSCLERIDA Haliclonidae Niphatidae Potamolepidae Spongillidae Class HEXACTINELLIA Class DESMOSPONGIAE

orders 24 5

World families genera 119 22 75

5 14

17 80

Phylum MESOZOA Class PLACOZOA Class MONOBLASTOZOA Class RHOMBOZOA Class ORTHONECTIDA

5 1 1 2 1

6 1 1 3 1

Phylum CNIDARIA Class HYDROZOA Order HYDROIDA Aequoreidae Bougainvilliidae Calycopsidae Campanulariidae Candelabridae Corynidae Eleutheriidae Haleciidae Hydractiniidae Kirchenpaueriidae Lafoeidae Limnocnididae Lovenellidae Mitrocomidae Pandeidae Plumulariidae Sertulariidae Tubulariidae Hydridae Order TRACHYLINA Limnomedusae Class ANTHOZOA Subclass OCTOCOLARIA Order ALCYONACEA Alcyonidae

24 5

species 5500 500

2 5 118

11 7 500 4500

14 1 1 8 4

170 1 1 150 20

Southern Africa genera species

2 5

10000 3200

11 7

286

75

5 14 8

14 6225

146 63 29

7

3

3

Namibia gen spp 8 11 8 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 9 1 3 1 1 1 1 3 4

45 33 32 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 4 2 1 1 1 11

55 40 39 2 1 1 4 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 5 3 1 1 1 14

1

1

Page with references 37, 78

37, 78 37

37

Taxa orders Order GORGONACEA Gorgoniidae Order PENNATULACEA Kophobelemnidae Pennatulidae Subclass HEXACORALLIA Oder ACTINIARIA Actiniidae Order MEDROPORARIA Order ZOOANTIDEA Order CORALLIMORPHARIA Corallimorphidae Order ANTHIPATHARIA Order CERIANTHARIA Class CUBOZOA Order CUBOMEDUSAE Carybdeidae Class SCYPHOZOA Order STAUROMEDUSAE Order CORONATAE Order SEMAEOSTOMAE Order RHIZOSTOMAE Phylum CTENOPHORA Order CYPIPIDA Order LOBATA Order PLATYCTENIDA Phylum PLATYHELMINTHES Class TURBELLARIA Order AOCOELA Order POLYCLADIDA Order RHABDOCEOLA Typhloplanidae Order TRICLADIDA Order TEMNOCEPHALIDA Class MONOGENEA Order MONOPISTHOCOTYLEA Order POLYOPISTHOCOTYLEA Class TREMATODA Subclass DIGENEA Order ECHINOSTOMIDA Fasciolidae Paramphistomatidae Order: STRIGEITIDA Schistomatidae Subclass ASPIDOGASTREA Class CESTODA Order PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA Cephalochlamydidae Order PROTOCEPHALIDEA Order CYCLOPHYLLIDEA Class NEMERTEA Subclass ENOPLA Order HOPLONEMERTINI

World families genera 18

species


16

6

83 42 25 4 4

1

5 3 2 2

36 36

4

20

66

7

20

100

5

464 122 20

19400 4500

4 15

4 2

6000 5900

72 6

680 60

80 5300 280

2 18 41 30

50 380 248 155

320 3100 1150 650

8

1 2 1 1

6 6

9 9

1 1

1 1

1 1 1

1 1 1

Page with references

37

37

29

1 3

c.176

1 2 1 1

200

53

10

Namibia gen spp

80

4 2

4 2

2

2

3

6

1 1

1 1

1

4

1

1

1

1

1

1

38, 79 80

3

38 38

38

38

Taxa orders Lineidae Subclass ANOPLA Phylum NEMATHELMINTHES Class ROTIFERA Subclass MONOGONOTA Order PLOIMA Brachionidae Subclass DIGONATA Order SEISONIDEA Order BDELLOIDEA Class GASTROTRICHA Order MACRODASYIDA Order CHAETONOTIDA Class KINORHYNCHA Order CYCLORHAGIDA Order HOMALORHAGIDA Class NEMATODA Subclass APHASMIDA Order DORYLAMIDA Actinolaimidae Dorylaimidae Longidoridae Trichodoridae Order ENOPLIDA Torbrilidae Order MERMITHIDA Mermithidae Order MONOHYSTERIDA Monhysteridae Xyalidae Order DICTYOPHYTMATOIDEA Order TRICHURIODEA Sublass PHASMIDA Order RHABDITA Cephalobidae Strongyloididae Rhabdidae Order TYLENCHIDA Belonolaimidae Criconematidae Dolichodoridae Hoplolaimidae Pratylenchidae Rotylenchulidae Telotylenchidae Order ASCARIDIA Order OXURIDA Order STRONGYLIDA Order SPIRURIDA Class NEMATOPHORA Order NECTONEMATOIDEA Order GORDIOIDEA Class ACANTHOCEPHA Class GNATHOSTOMULIDA

World families genera

species

2

11

93

500

3 1

34

120

1820 1600

2

Southern Africa genera species 1 2

47 39 13 4 8

266

Namibia gen spp 1 1

29 1

50 1

1

1


38, 80 39, 81

1 39, 81 2

2

17

13 6 7 10 8 2 185 96

60 31 29 15

610 210 400 150

25000 12000

1

6

89

27

49

1 1 3 1

1 1 4 1

1

1

1

1

1 1

5 1

7 7

13 13

10 1 4 1 1 1 1 1

21 1 6 1 2 3 2 6

38, 80

5

8000

216

6 2

2 1 1 22 12

2 1 1 25

9

320 4 316 1100 100

81

Taxa Phylum GEPHYREA Class PRIAPULA Class SIPUNCULA Order PHASCOLOSOMIDA Order SIPUNCULIDA Class ECHIURA Order ECHIURIDEA Order SACTOSOMATIDEA Phylum ANNELIDA Class POLYCHEATA Subcalss SEDENTARIA Cirratulidae Sabellidae Serpulidae Subclass ERRANTIA Order CAPITELLIADA Order EUNICIDA Oenidae Order PALPATA Ampharetidae Chrysopetalidae Cirratulidae Dorvilleidae Eunicidae Euphrosinidae Flabelligeridae Glyceridae Hesionidae Lumbrineridae Nephtidae Nereididae Oenonidae Onuphidae Pectinariidae Phyllodocidae Polynoidae Sabellariidae Sabellidae Sigalionidae Spionidae Spirorbidae Syllidae Terebellidae Order SCOLECIDEA Abarenicolidae Maldanidae Opheliidae Orbiniidae Scalibregmatidae Order TEREBELLIDA Cirratulidae Order POGONOPHORA Order VESTIMENTIFERA Order MYZOSTOMA

orders 5 1 2

2

27

2

World families genera 14 58 3 6 17

5 4 1

40 1

29 10

10


Namibia gen spp

160 159 1 16500 10000

95

13 1 8

species 460 16 320

130 15 170

Page with references 82 82 37, 78, 82

78, 82

800

83 67 3 1 1 1

130 108 3 1 1 1

1 1

1 1

1 1 2 1 4 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 3 3 4 3 2 3 1 6 6 9 1 1 1 4 2 1 1

1 1 3 1 8 1 3 2 1 5 2 7 1 2 2 7 5 7 3 2 4 1 14 10 10 1 2 1 4 2 1 1

39 39, 81

37, 78

Taxa Class OLIGOCHAETA Order LUMBRICULIDA Order MONILIGASTRIDA Order HAPLOTAXIDA Alluroididae Tubificidae Naididae Ocnerodrillidae Lumbricidae Class HIRUDINOIDEA Order ARHYNCHOBDELLEA Hirudinidae Order RHYNCHOBDELLAE Glossiphoniidae Piscicolidae

orders 3

12

Phylum ONYCHOPHORA Phylum TARDIGRADA Phylum ARTHROPODA Subphylum CRUSTACEA Class RAMIPEDIA Class CEPHALOCARIDA Class BRANCHIPODA Order ANOSTRACA Branchiopodidae Sterptocephalidae Thamnocephalidae Order CONCHOSTRACA Cyclestheriidae Cyzicidae Leptestheriidae Limnadiidae Lynceidae Order NOTOSTRACA Triopsidae Order DIPLOSTRACA Order CLADOCERA (Dip.) Chydoridae Daphniidae Macrothricidae Moinidae Sididae Class MALACOSTRACA Order PYLLOCARIDA Order LEPTOSTRACA Phyllocardidae Order TANAIDACEA Leptochelidae Tanaidae Order STOMATOPODA Squillidae Order BATHYNELLACEA Order ANASPIDACEA

World families genera 30 4 1 25

5

species 6000


500

2

110

20

1047

50 4

9

9

15 15

Namibia gen spp 7 13

Page with references 81

7 1

9 1

3 3

3 5

9 3 3 6 5 1

13 3 3 10 9 1

39, 82

5

39

287

451

39, 82

24 4 2 1 1 8 1 3 2 1 1 1 1

54 19 8 9 1 15 1 3 5 1 1 2 2

40, 82 40

11 3 3 3 1 1 207

23 3 8 6 5 2 311

1 1 2 1 1

2 2 2 1 1

1093514

1 1 4

850 2 2 29 8

5

1

15

16

6 5

18 1 4 5 6 3 2 2 80

67829 12 10 1185 270

200 1

40 15 15 500 400

2

20

490 3 3

7 10

40200 35 36

17

109

450

2 4

60

120 200

11

3 1 1 8 1 3 2 1 1 1

15 5 3 1

20 22 3 18 1

2 5 4

22 5 4

25 8

9

40

Taxa orders Order EUPHASIACEA Euphausiidae Leptestheriidae Limnadiidae Lynceidae Order DECAPODA Alpheidae Aristeidae Atyidae Axiidae Calappidae Callianassidae Chirostylidae Coristidae Crangonidae Diogenidae Dromiidae Galatheidae Geryonidae Glyphocrangonidae Goneplacidae Grapsidae Hippolytidae Homolidae Hymenosomatidae Inachidae Leucosiidae Lithodidae Majidae Nematocarcinidae Nephropidae Ocypodidae Oplophoridae Palaemonidae Palinuridae Pandalidae Parapaguridae Parastacidae Pasiphaenidae Penaeidae Polychelidae Portunidae Potamonautidae Processidae Scyllaridae Sergestidae Solenoceridae Upogebiidae Xanthidae Order MYSIDA Mysidae Order CUMACEA Bodotriidae Diastylidae Order TANAIDACEA

World families genera 3 11

151

4

species 90


14000

1

60

146 140

1000

8

2

5

1

12

1000

20

2

12

4

Namibia gen spp 9 16 5 6 2 5 1 1 1 4 98 122 2 2 4 5 1 2 1 1 3 3 1 3 11 1 1 1 3 3 2 2 4 5 2 4 1 2 1 1 2 2 5 5 2 3 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 3 4 3 3 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 4 3 3 5 9 2 3 1 1 3 4 3 3 1 3 5 7 1 3 1 1 1 1 3 9 2 2 1 2 2 3 1 2 1 2 5 10 3 7 2 3


40, 82

41

Taxa orders Order ISOPODA Anthuridae Arcturidae Armadillidae Cirolanidae Cymothoidae Eubelidae Gnathiidae Idoteiidae Janiridae Joeropsidae Paranthuridae Philosciidae Protojaniridae Scyphacidae Spaeromatidae Titaniidae Tylidae Order AMPHIPODA Ampeliscidae Amphilochidae Ampithoidae Aoridae Calliopiidae Caprellidae Corophiidae Crangonyctoidae Dexaminidae Eusiridae Hyalidae Ingolfiellidae Issaeidae Ischyroceridae Leucothoidae Liljeborgiidae Lysianassidae Melitidae Ochlesidae Oedicerotidae Photidae Phoxocephalidae Phtisicidae Podoceridae Stenothoidae Sternophysingidae Telitridae Temnophliidae Urithoidae Class MAXILLIPODA Order ARGULOIDA Argulidae Order COPEPODA Suborder CALADONIDA Calanidae Diaptomidae


155

species 10000

Southern Africa genera species 2 270 3 3

8000

30

323

26000

220 42

13500

300

3 2

3 18

2

5

1

8

5

13

26

Namibia gen spp 30 64 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 3 1 3 1 1 1 6 1 1 58 1 3 1 3 2 1 3 1 3 1 2 2 1 3 1 1 6 6 1 1 1 3 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 56 1 1 9 1 5

3 1 3 1 9 4 1 3 1 3 11 18 1 1 93 3 4 2 4 2 4 3 1 4 2 6 5 1 6 1 1 8 13 1 1 2 3 3 3 1 1 4 1 3 86 1 1 243 13 1 8


41, 83

42, 83

Taxa orders Eucalanidae Temoridae Suborder CYCLOPIDA Cyclopidae Suborder HARPACTICOIDA Tetragonicipitidae Suborder SIPHONOSTOMATOIDA Caligidae Cancerillidae Lernaeopodidae Pandaridae Order THECOSTRACA Order BRANCHIURA Argulidae Order PENTASTOMIDA Order OSTRACODA Suborder PLATYCOPIDA Cytherellidae Suborder PODOCOPIDA Cyprididae Cypridopsidae Cytherideidae Cytheruridae Darwinulidae Limnocytheridae Oncocyprididae Trachyleberididae Order CIRRIPEDIA Balanidae Chthamalidae Scalpellidae Tetraclitidae Subphylum HEXAPODA Class ENTOGNATHA Order COLLEMBOLA Hypogastruridae Isotomidae Poduridae Order PROTURA Eosentomidae Berberentulidae Order DIPLURA Japigidae Campodeidae Class INSECTA Order ARCHEOGNATHA Machilidae Meinertellidae Order THYSANURA Lepismatidae Nicoletiidae Meinertellidae Order EPHEMEROPTERA Baetidae Oligoneuriidae


species


83 52

10 2

17 3

3 3

11 11

50

150

37

7 1

4 4

8 46

41

100 200 200 130 13000

44

120

5

11

5 5

6

1285

Namibia gen spp 2 3 1 1 5 8 5 8 1 2 1 2 4 5 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1


1 1

1 1

42, 83

52 1 1 49 27 11 2 1 1 2 1 4 5 3 1 1 1

42, 83

1 1 29 14 5 1 1 1 2 1 4 5 3 1 1 1

3 1 1 1

5 1 2 2

84

1004989

9550

34 20

4

20

10

8000 650 1500 2 750 340 225 800 367 446

120 75

4

2

84

c.40 c.20 20 43, 84

2

10

504 325 170 527 200 30

400 96 13

3046 860 54

46 19 5

40

14

24 10 12 2 39 7 2

78 40 20 18 180 66 10

19 17 2 1 22 15 1

57 54 3 1 34 21 1

43, 84

43, 84

Taxa orders Heptageniidae Leptophlebiidae Ephemeridae Ephemerelliade Tricorythidae Caenidae Order ODONATA Suborder ZYGOPTERA Calopterygidae Chlorocyphidae Lestidae Chlorolestidae Coenagrionidae Suborder ANISOPTERA Aeschnidae Corduliidae Gomphidae Libellulidae Order DERMAPTERA Pygidicranidae Labiduridae Labiidae Forficulidae Hemimeridae Carcinophoridae Order PLECOPTERA Perlidae Nemouridae Order EMBIOPTERA Embiidae Teratembiidae Order ZORAPTERA Zorapteridae Order PHASMATODEA Aschiphasmatidae Bacillidae Phylliidae Pseudophasmatidae Dipheromeridae Phasmatidae Order ORTHOPTERA Suborder ENSIFERA Stenopelmatidae Gryllacrididae Schizodactylidae Rhaphidophoridae Tettigoniidae Gryllidae Gryllotalpidae Suborder CAELIFERA Tridactylidae Tetrigidae Euschmidtiidae Thericleidae Pneumoridae

World families genera 34 13 7 18 6 18 33 643 21 20 15 9

species 529 157 91 160 34 211 5680 172 143 150

90

1104

53 39 93 141 182

428 242 945 970 1967

1

10

12

8

16

3497

8

458

1 8

29 13

10

7 7 401 18 48 4 51 180 100 2000 41 90 3 80 1000 100 7 2400 19 255

9

15

25 25 2853 100 230 36 300 1600 700 23616 12000 200 700 15 550 6000 1000 100 11000 220 1500 1000 20

Southern Africa genera species 3 15 12 40 2 5 2 6 6 22 5 16 61 202 12 73 1 1 2 3 1 10 2 9 6 c.50 49 129 5 15 3 10 12 28 29 76 8 36 1 2 2 4 5 8 22 2 6 1 5 14 11 3

22 1 21 36 30 6

Namibia gen spp 2 5 1 1

1 2 36 8 1 1 1

3 3 108 29 1 1 3

5 28 3 1 9 15 4 1 1

24 79 6 2 15 56 4 1 1

1

1

1 1 1

1 2 2

2 2

2 2


43, 84

85

44, 85

85

85 15

50

4

11

85

>289

911

173

310

44, 86

12 3 1

2 12 5 27 9

16 8 1 160 70 4

1 1 1

3 1 5

16 16 1

28 24 1

2 23 8 78 17

2 3 2 2 2

7 3 5 5 2

Taxa orders Charilaididae Pamphagidae Lathiceridae Pyrgomorphidae Lentulidae Acrididae Order MANTODEA Hymenopodidae Amorphoscelidae Mantidae Empusidae Order MANTOPHASMATODEA Austrophasmatidae Mantophasmatodidae Order GRYLLOBLATTODEA Gryloblattidae Order BLATTODEA Cryptoceridae Blattidae Blattellidae Blaberidae Polyphagidae Darocalymmidae* Ectobiidae* Euthyrrhaphidae* Oxyhaloidae* Perisphaeridae* Order ISOPTERA Kalotermitidae Termopsidae Hodotermitidae Rhinotermitidae Termitidae Order PSOCOPTERA Lepidopsoctidae Trogiidae Psylliopsocidae Liposcelidae Caeciliidae Elipsocidae Psocidae Order PHTHIRAPTERA Suborder MALLOPHAGA Menoponidae Boopidae Laemobothriidae Ricinidae Philopteridae Trichodectidae Suborder ANOPLURA Echinopththiiridae Haematopinidae Neolinognathidae Enderleinellidae Hoplopleuridae


species 320

8

2

1

150

500

1500 434

7000 2384

263 8 10 5 3 5 5

1900

5 1

7

16 11 5 28 27 4565 10 c.200 1000 2000 200

2864 400 20 15 300 1800 5574

17

24

5024 4384

543

16

Southern Africa genera species 3 4 21 71 4 5 24 39 20 49 146 356 50 186

9

12

0 0

0 0

9 19 20

34 73 68

52 6 2 2 3 39 19

135 11 3 2 7 117 50

2 3 3 4 3 4 155 131 47 1 1 1 75 6 24 3 1 1 2 2

6 3 12 12 5 12 1089 948 300 1 8 9 500 130 141 4 14 1 4 20

Namibia gen spp 3 4 12 28 3 4 9 15 3 4 96 171 42 90 3 4 1 2 36 81 2 3 3 3

23

50

4 8 1

15 14 1

4 1 1 1 3 18 2

12 1 2 1 4 33 2

2 4 9 3 1 1

2 4 23 3 1 1

1

1

28 16 5 1

65 24 6 1

5 5 12

5 12 41

1

8

2

8


45, 86

45

86

45, 87

46, 87

46, 87

Taxa orders Polyplacidae Hypophthiridae Ratemiidae Pedicinidae Pediculiade Phthiridae Linognathidae Anderleinliidae Order THYSANOPTERA Thripidae Aelothripidae Heterothripidae Merothripidae Phlaeothripidae Order HEMIPTERA Suborder HETEROPTERA Superf. ENICOCEPHALOMORPHA Enicocephalidae Superfamily DIPSOCOROMORPHA Schizopteridae Superfamily GERROMORPHA Gerridae Hebridae Hydrometridae Mesoveliidae Veliidae Superfamily NEPOMORPHA Belostomatidae Corixidae Naucoridae Nepidae Notonectidae Pleidae Superfamily LEPTOPODOMORPHA Saldidae Superfamily CIMICOMORPHA Anthocoridae Cimicidae Miridae Nabidae Polyctenidae Reduviidae Tingidae Superfamily PENTATOMORPHA Alydidae Aradidae Stenocephalidae Berytidae Blissidae Coreidae Thaumastellidae Cydnidae Geocoridae Largidae Lygaeidae


9

5819 65 55 59 44 161 67 9 7 12 161 140 9 35 37 15 11 3 64 29 2707 71 24 1300 31 5 981 260 2623 45 233

5749 450 200 70 20 3500 100428 42211 425 405 337 229 2120 751 221 126 46 2120 2309 160 607 391 268 400 38 381 335 20564 445 110 10400 386 32 6878 2124 16211 254 1931

36 50 267

172 435 1884

2

104 79

species

120 25 13 102

17

765 274 106 968

Southern Africa genera species 7 40 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 3 50

Namibia gen spp 3 9 1

1

1 1 3 1 8 6

1 1 12 1 15 8

2

7

301 1

542 1


118 42 8 2 1 65

228 98 13 2 3 112

200

2386

8

40

1

1

4 1 1 2

16 4 5 3

2 1 1 1 2

4 1 2 1 2

47, 89 89 89 90 91

3 3 2 2 5 1

10 26 11 13 28 2

3 3 1 1 2 1

3 13 1 1 12 2

89 47, 89 90

1

15

1

2

91

12 5

1 3 17 3

1 3 20 4

50

40 7 250 20 1 500 200

54 16

110 23

88 89 47, 90 90 91 47, 91 47, 91

14

25

2 5 13

5 15 75 150 2 30 20

7 2 2 1

12 2 4 1

18 1 8 1 1 62

38 1 13 1 1 126

7 1

1 10 4

420

46, 88

88 46, 88 89

90

88 88 46, 89

91 47

47, 89

Taxa orders Oxycarenidae* (Lyg.) Geocoridae* (Lyg.) Dinidoridae Pentatomidae Plataspidae Pyrrhocoridae Rhopalidae Rhyparochromidae Scutelleridae Tessaratomidae Subroder AUCHENORRHYNCHA Superfamily FULGOROIDEA Tettigometridae Cixiidae Derbidae Meenoplidae Achilidae Delphacidae Fulgoridae Dictyopharidae Issidae Tropiduchidae Nogodinidae Flatidae Ricaniidae Lophopidae Eurybranchiidae Superfamily CERCOPOIDEA Cercopidae Aphrophoridae Superfamily CICADOIDEA Cicadidae Superfamily CICADELLOIDEA Membracidae Cicadellidae Suborder STERNORRHYNCHA Superfamily PSYLLOIDEA Psyllidae Triozidae* (Psyl.) Superfamily ALEYRODOIDEA Aleyrodidae Superfamily APHIDOIDEA Aphididae Adelgidae Phylloxeridae Superfamily COCCOIDEA Margarodidae Lacciferidae Cerococcidae Lecanodiaspididae Coccidae Acleridae Diaspididae Pseudococcidae Order COLEOPTERA


900 59 33 21 372 81 55 20

4

1400

330

2

species

4700 560 340 209 1850 450 240 40000 12000

2500

Southern Africa genera species 5 20 3 20 4 12 300 25 10 35

13 7

30 10

2 7 8 3 20 1 18 17 11 5 17 6 3 3 6 1 4

260 3 24 14 14 3 55 22 41 19 17 6 21 10 7 5 76 33 41

1300 160

5

3500

25000 50 350 16000 2500

6

1 3

120 40 160 160 610 600 2 8

20

165

18

1560 1560 4825 4700 50 75 8000 400 100 200 150 1150 50 2400 2200 359891

22

61

11 67 64 1 2

16 159 156 1 2

1 1 1 1 30 2 90 50 >1966

13 13 7 10 130 4 270 109 20441

Namibia gen spp 2 2 1 1 2 3 46 81 1 3 6 9 8 18 6 7 10 11 2 2


47, 90 91 90

40

55

48, 93

4 3 1

12 3 1

3

6

6 5 1 1 10 2 2 2 4 4

6 6 1 1 12 2 2 3 9 9

9 9 43 6 37

18 18 78 10 68

92 48

2 1 1

3 2 1

93

92

93 48

91 18 16 1 1 26 1

19 17 1 1 37 1

1 22 2

1 31 4

1052

3146

48, 91

48, 92

48, 93

Taxa orders Cupedidae Torridincolidae Rhysodidae Carabidae Cicindelidae Paussidae Gyrinidae Haliplidae Noteridae (Dyt.) Dytiscidae Hydrophilidae Georyssidae Histeridae Hydraenidae Hydrochidae Spercheidae Ptiliidae Ptiniidae Leiodidae Scydmaenidae Silphidae Scaphidiidae Staphylinidae Pselaphidae Lucanidae Passalidae Trogidae Glaressidae* (Trog.) Geotrupidae Helodidae Hybosoridae Scarabaeidae Scarabaeinae Aphodiinae Cetoniinae Dynastinae Rutelinae Melolonthinae Unclassified Ochodaeidae* (Scarab.) Clambidae Scirtidae Buprestidae Byrrhidae Elmidae Dryopidae Limnichidae Heteroceridae Ptilodactylidae Chelonariidae Eucnemidae Throscidae Elateridae Lycidae Lampyridae


species

170 30000

700 200 230 4000 2803

Southern Africa genera species 1 1 3 250 30 7 3 3

3 1400 160 85 55 8

40

310 120 1 300 c.10 1 3 1 30 16 200 3 10 1000 400 36 1 55

1 3900 1200 1 1 1 550 3000 4500 175 47744 800 500 300 300 27

8 10 2 6 150 100 6 1 2 6

250 20 50 80

50 10 20 3000 1000 215 250 65 475 650

2

5

1 ?

1100 1 13 10

4 27800 5000 500

500

3600

70 600 14600 290 1100 230 225 300 500 300 1300 152 10000 3500 2000

19

50

?

? 200 700 50 30

Namibia gen spp 1

1

116 17

265 48

3 1 2 21 23 1 39 3

7 2 4 103 111 1 151 10

1

4

6 1 1 1

22 1 1 1

68 4 2 1 1 1 5 1 2 115 32 9 40 7 6 16 1 4 1 1 31

195 4 2 1 20 8 12 1 4 401 191 76 59 12 14 41 8 7 1 1 137

Page with references 96 99 49, 94 51, 96 99 97 98 52, 97 52 52, 98 52, 98

53, 99 52 100 100 99 53, 100 52, 98 99 101

53, 99

50

53 99 51, 96 49, 94 97 97

2

7

52

1 13 1 1

1 24 5 1

52, 97 98 98

Taxa orders


Cantharidae Dermestidae Bostrychidae Anobiidae Trogossitidae Cleridae Melyridae Malachidae* (Melyr.) Nitidulidae Boganiidae Silvanidae Laemophloeidae Phalacridae Cryptophagidae Languriidae Erotylidae Biphyllidae Bothrideridae Cerylonidae Discolomatidae Endomychidae Coccinellidae Corylophidae Lathridiidae Mycetophagidae Ciidae Monommidae (Zoph.) Melandryidae Mordellidae Ripiphoridae Colydiidae Zopheridae Tenebrionidae Oedemeridae Meloidae Mycteridae Pyrochroidae Salpingidae Anthicidae Aderidae Scraptiidae Cerambycidae Chrysomelidae Sagrinae Donaciinae Criocerinae Megalopodinae Clytrinae Cryptocephalinae Lamprosomatinae Chlamisinae Eumolpinae Chrysomelinae Galerucinae Alticinae

species 5083 700 550 2200 600 3366 6000 2800 11 470 400 504 600 1037 2500 200 300 300 400 1300 6000 284 1050 200 550 430 1500 500 1000 425 19000 1500 2500 160 200 300 3000 1000 400 20000 36350

20

Southern Africa genera species 50 85 25 80 ? 5 9 46 200 31 360 (22) (175) 20 150 2 6 10 20

Namibia gen spp 2 2 8 31 17 30 1 1

32

4 35 2 17 1 4 1 4

4 106 2 65 2 8 1 21

11

32

1 6

1 9

18

400

7

Page with references 94 51, 97 49, 94

96 52, 98 99

96 98 97

97 97 51, 96 96 98

300

40

107

2

6

2

9

10 1 8

24 1 8

6 31

13 4 19 24 6 130 14 23 1 3200 18 346

143 4 6 1

525 7 7 1

1 6 3

1 93 20

19

98

49, 93

221 1 2 10 5 18 6 3 2 38 12 50 40

647 1790 4 3 75 25 150 260 8 5 175 115 300 300

42 98

63 201

50 50, 95

1 1

1 2

14

31

6 3 7 5

9 8 21 15

6 2 3 4 32 8 11 1

99 96 101 54, 101 99 52, 98

Taxa orders Hispidinae Cassidinae Unclassified Bruchidae Anthribidae Urodontidae* (Anth.) Attelabidae Apionidae Brentidae Curculionidae Order RAPHIDIOPTERA Rhaphididae Inocelliidae Order MEGALOPTERA Corydalidae Order NEUROPTERA Coniopterigidae Sisyridae Osmylidae Mantispidae Berothidae Dilaridae Psychopsidae Hemerobiidae Chrysopidae Nemopteridae Ascalaphidae Myrmeleontidae Order HYMENOPTERA Suborder SYMPHYTA Argidae Pergidae Tenthredinidae Cephidae Pamphiliidae Siricidae Suborder PARASITICA Ceraphronidae Megaspilidae Cynipidae Figitidae Evaniidae Gasteruptiidae Braconidae Ichneumonidae Diapriidae Proctotrupidae Platygastidae Scelionidae Suborder ACULEATA Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA Agaonidae Aphelinidae Chalcididae Leucospidae


species

4000 1914 1200 60000 225 200 25 337

2

2 9 17

89

8359

5704 450 50 160 400 115 65 26 550 1200 100 430 2100 144695 1000 431 5800 100 600 115

Southern Africa genera species 125 16 120 18 125 8 115 50 120 15 16 300

4 4 116 7 1 1 4 1 1 3 7 18 13 20 40 732 1

45 120 100 3000

Namibia gen spp 3 13 11 26 45 63


94 11 1

17 10

4 8 63

8 11 208

54 4 1

6 6 124 9 1

4 4 420 19 4 3 35 4 1 6 22 76 60 60 130 5031 150 50

3 1 1

4 1 3

8 9 6 21 349 9 3

28 15 9 54 951 21 7

100

6

14

49, 94 49, 93 49, 94 51, 96 54

101 54, 101

55, 102 56

59, 102

102

26

26

20

302 301 1370 960 455 502 17605 23331 2049 359 1311 3386 22740 762 1192 1469

21

3

1

1

1 24 23

1 38 39

4 2 5

5 3 10

8 7 3 1

8 17 3 1

103

24 103 1 60 180 12

40 c.200 1000

30

10 15

150

2

17

56, 102 58, 103 58, 103 58 59 103 56, 102 55

Taxa orders Encyrtidae Eucharitidae Eulophidae Eupelmidae Eurytomidae Mymaridae Pteromalidae Torymidae Trichogrammatidae Superfamily APOIDEA Anthophoridae Ampulicidae Andrenidae Apidae Colletidae Crabronidae Fidellidae Halictidae Megachilidae Melittidae Sphecidae Superfamily CHRYSIDOIDEA Plumariidae Bethylidae Chrysididae Dryinidae Sclerogibbidae Superfamily VESPOIDEA Formicidae Mutillidae Pompilidae Rhopalosomatidae Scoliidae Tiphiidae Vespidae Eumenidae Masaridae Order MECOPTERA Bittacidae Panorpidae Order SIPHONAPTERA Tungidae Pulicidae Rhopalopsillidae Histrichopsyllidae Ischnopsyllidae Leptopsyllidae Ceratophyllidae Chimaeropsyllidae Order STREPSIPTERA Stylopidae Order DIPTERA Suborder NEMATOCERA Ceratopongidae Chironomidae


species 4058 427 4969 931 1453 1437 3544 900 881 25906 198 2330 5130 2000 8636 3500 3170 182 731 6516

Southern Africa genera species 120 400 5 20

288

560 2000 4918

9

15

33 16 3 244

684 172 360 2048

109 109 152244 52302 5621 6951

166

22

4

7

6 1

6 1


11 58

17 55, 104 2 19 6 5 13 2 9 ? 10 79

100 22 213 10 87 9 70 200 736

3

5

1

200 100 2

30 60

620 300 200

2325 2500 1598 15646 11946 3500 4850

45


4 13

2 18 3 6 2 9 11 4 40

4 74 28 26 8 28 47 4 150

3 2 9 7 1

3 4 31 9 1

33 13 26 1 3 3 9 11 8 1 1

145 36 51 1 3 13 12 20 42 1 1

18 1 7 1 2 1 1

38 1 23 1 5 1 1

5

6

57 57 58 58 104 57, 103 56, 104 104

59, 105 58, 104 58 58, 104 104

2 2

35 121 164 31 31

59

32 1 9 1 4 7 1 2 7 5 5 1209

98 1 45 1 16 8 2 3 22 10 10 6406

466

1466

60, 105

23 67

126 350

5 37

10 80

62, 106 62, 106

59, 105

59, 105

105

Taxa orders


Simulidae Culicidae Dixidae Blepariceridae Bibionidae Cecidomyiidae Mycetophilidae Sciaridae Psychodidae Scatopsidae Limoniidae Pediciidae Tipulidae Suborder BRACHYCERA Stratiomyidae Rhagionidae Scenopinidae Tabanidae Nemestrinidae Acroceridae Asilidae Bombylidae Mydidae Therevidae Dolichopodidae Empididae Hybotidae Phoridae Pipuculidae Platypezidae Syrphidae Micropezidae Diopsidae Psilidae Sepsidae Conopidae Lonchaeidae Platystomatidae Pyrgotidae Tephritidae Ulidiidae Chamaemyiidae Luxaniidae Sciomyzidae Clusiidae Odiniidae Agromyzidae Chloropidae Milichiidae Coelopidae Heleomyzidae Chyromyidae Spaeroceridae Curtonotidae Drosophylidae

23

species 2080 3616 185 322 754 6051 4105 2224 2886 323 10334 494 4325 99942 2666 707 414 4387 275 394 7413 5030 463 1125 7118 2935 1882 4022 1381 252 5935 578 183 321 375 783 480 1162 351 4621 672 349 1893 604 349 62 3013 2863 276 35 717 106 1580 61 3925

Southern Africa genera species 3 65 11 150 2 4 1 19 3 18 15 26 15 26 5 10 7 23 8 15


1 1

2 1

1 5

1 22

Page with references 64, 110 62, 107 107 106 106 61 108 64 109 109

37

340

7

11

111

43 4 4 19 6 10 70 83 24 21 31 27

90 24 32 250 48 40 500 940 173 63 123 217

3

4

1 13 1 3 65 44 11 10 24 3

1 60 1 3 228 239 30 17 47 3

64, 110 109 109 64, 110

19 5 7 38 4 4

58 50 17 165 4 33

5

10

18

45

2

3

7 13

23 65

6 2

16 3

19 12 109

80 36 375

1 50 2

2 105 2

2

2

4 3 2 17 43 6 1 5 3 6 2 11

30 4 2 131 129 13 2 31 6 69 9 61

105 60, 106 61, 106 63, 108 64, 111 62, 107 63, 107 64, 109 64, 109 108 64, 110 63 107 64, 110 62, 107 63, 108

65, 111 65 108 110

2 5 12 3 1 2 3 4 1 1

2 12 14 7 1 2 4 6 2 1

109 60, 105 62, 107 63 63, 108 62 64, 110 107

Taxa orders Tethinidae Asteiidae Camillidae Canacidae Ephydridae Hippoboscidae Streblidae (Hip.) Nyceribiidae (Hip.) Anthomyiidae Fanniidae Muscidae Glossinidae Diopsidae Scatophagidae Calliphoridae Oestridae Gasterophilidae(Oestr.) Rhinophoridae Sarcophagidae Tachinidae Order TRICHOPTERA Hydropsychidae Polycentropodidae Philopotamidae Glossosomatidae Dipseudopsidae Ecnomidae Leptoceridae Philopotamidae Order LEPIDOPTERA Suborder MICROLEPIDOPTERA Hapialidae Nepticulidae Opostegidae Heliozelidae Adelidae Incurvariidae Cecidosidae* (Incur.) Tischeriidae Tineidae Acrolophidae Psychidae Bucculatricidae Gracillariidae Yponomeutidae Schreckensteiniidae Athyiidae Ypsolophidae Plutellidae Acrolepidae Glyphipterigidae Heliodinidae Lyonetiidae Xyloryctidae Oecophoridae


species 193 132 61 119 1977 786

1896 319 5153 23 183 392 1524 150

46

613

120

147 2632 9629 12868 1622 644 1017 581

Southern Africa genera species 2 4 2 8 1 2 4 7 32 70 12 37 4 14 6 16 10 27 1 8 44 364 1 4 48 27 157 30 152 7 17 4 12 5 15 136 16 9 4 2 1

377 52 30

2192

8749

60 11 6 12 32 11

602 859 196 117 278 139

1 322 5 34 4 77 14 2

80 3025 270 1011 261 2014 597 8

6 8 2 1 3 1 1 2 82

66 118 15 2 68 1 4 3 253

44 2

133 16 ? 40

3 6 3 19 14 6 86 327

131 53 95 425 94 215 1255 3195

24

Page with references 106 61 106 63 63, 108 110 108 60, 106 108 63, 108 63, 108 107 109 61, 106 108 108 109 64 64, 110 111

19 9 1 1 30 17 19 4 4

45 13 1 1 269 20 42 11 5

1 2 7 1 481

1 9 15 1 890

66, 111

4

17

68

1 1 2 20

1 3 3 32

67 70 69

5 1 20

6 7 32

69 66 67

2 1

2 1

2

2

1 2

1 3

20 2

156793

4

Namibia gen spp 2 4 1 1 1 2 4 7 11 15 1 4 2 2 2 2 4 11 1 1 10 36 1 1 2 3

5

10

4

18

9

22 ? ?

Taxa orders Lecithoceridae Holcopogonidae* (Autostichidae) Coleophoridae Autostichidae Ethmiidae (Elachistidae) Scythridae* (Lyonetiidae) Xyloryctidae Cosmopterigidae Gelechiidae Elachistidae Megalopygidae Galacticidae Limacodidae Zygaenidae Sesiidae Castniidae Cossidae Tortricidae Olethreutidae (Tortr.) Choreutidae Epermeniidae Alucitidae Pterophoridae Immidae Carposinidae Pyralidae Phyctidae* Crambidae Pyraustidae* Thyrididae Suborder MACROLEPIDOPTERA Lasiocampidae Eupterotidae Bombycidae Saturniidae Sphingidae Hesperiidae Papilonidae Danaidae (Nymph.) Satyridae (Nymph.) Acraeidae(Nymph.) Pieridae Lycaenidae Lipteninae Liphyrinae Miletinae Theclinae Lycaeninae Polyommatinae Nymphalidae Charaxidae (Nymph.) Drepanidae Uraniidae Geometridae Epiplemidae*

World families genera 90 47 67

species 527 1444 308

Southern Africa genera species 13 52 7 18 8 30


3 1

3 15

1 1 1 3 53 2

4 4 1 7 100 3

67 69

67

67

1 4

13 57

23 143

75 566

3 58 14 17

17 119 35 61

1 12

2 16

1

1

18 37 3 3 3 2 19

56 258 90 11 7 29 86

11 6 1

20 8 1

67 70

1

1

67

3

4

70

2 36 2 2 3 5

2 45 9 3 4 11

11 2 1 14 18 17 2 2 1

12 2 1 25 25 41 7 2 1

10 45

31 85

69 68, 112

24

74

68, 112

27 1

55 1

67

86 106 509 165 22 3 290 145 112 34 123 979

1255 1642 4570 3287 260 17 1063 1057 1152 175 712 9416

12 7 9 93 6 20 1067

416 111 189 1192 245 274 6233

2 177

905

11817

164

92

1223

22

11 562 80 455 300 60

150 50 40 165 200 546 26

1512 298 351 1535 1348 3500 612

74 727

1049 6528

641

5772

120 90 1974

652 698 21093

50 21 1 29 48 38 2 1 22 3 14 64 14 1 13 24 1 24 60 2 5 9 221

127 62 ? 75 105 130 17 7 92 60 60 407 30 3 25 180 2 141 268 38 7 18 1105

25

Namibia gen spp

67

70 69

69, 112 67, 112 112 67

69, 112 69, 112 68 67

Taxa orders Notodontidae Agaristidae Ctenuchidae Arctiidae (Noct.) Lymanthiidae (Noct.) Noctuidae Subphylum MYRIAPODA Class CHILOPODA Order GEOPHILOMORPHA Chilenophilidae Oryidae Pachymerinidae Schendylidae Order SCOLOPENDROMORPHA Scolopendridae Order LITHOBIMORPHA Henicopidae Order SCUTIGEROMORPHA Scutigeridae Class DIPLOPODA Order PSELAPHOGNATHA Order SPHAEROTHERIIDA Sphaerotheriidae Order COLOBOGNATHA Order SPIROBOLIDA Order SPIROSTREPTIDA Julimorphidae Spirostrepsidae Odontopygidae Harpagophoridae Pachybolidae Order POLYDESOMIDA Paradoxosomatidae Order POLYXENIDA Synxenidae Polyxenidae Class PAUROPODA Order HEXAMEROCERATA Order TETRAMEROCERATA Class SYMPHYLA Scutigerellidae Scolopendrellidae Subphylum CHELICERIFORMES Class PYCNOGONIDA Ammotheidae Callipallenidae Phoxichilidiidae Pycnogonidae Tanystylidae Class CHELICERATA Subclass Merostomata Order XIPHOSURA Limulidae Subclass: ARACHNIDA Order AMBLYPYGI

5


21

4846

42030

325

3230 1100

150

15

2

1

148

1800

Southern Africa genera species 94 199 50 30 84 227 50 180 459 1608 577 34 170 16 72

550

10

39

1730

6

17

80

2

2

1 1 1 1 1 8 2 2 1 3

400 6 50 50 5 1 150 c.10 37 100 35

11000

Namibia gen spp 3 3 4 4 1 1 9 9 7 7 68 136 26 45 12 31 5 7 1 4 2 2 1 3 1 1 5 15 5 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 14 24

1 9 1 3 2 2 1 4 4 1 1 1


68, 112 68, 112 112 112

70, 112

1 17 2 3 6 4 1 5 5 2 2 1

c.900

c.5000

150 150

5 1 4 2

29 1

4

113

13 5 8

500 5 495 200 125 75

3

113

8

73

1300

1

3 3 3

5 5 5 78000 100

1

11

species 3546

648

26

3

7 2 2 1 1 1

7 2 2 1 1 1

113

588 3

1411 5

70 70, 113

Taxa orders Phrinichidae Order PALPIGARDI Order OPILIONES Assamiidae Triaenonychidae Order PSEUDOSCORPIONES Athemidae Cheiridiidae Chaliferidae Garypidae Hesperdipiidae Olpiidae Pseudotyrannochthoniidae Withiidae Order RICINULEI Order SCHIZOMIDA Order SCORPIONES Buthidae Butheridae Liochelidae Scorpionidae Order SOLIFUGAE Ceromidae Deasiidae Gylippidae Hexisopodidae Melanoblossidae Solpugidae Order UROPYGI Order ACARI Suborder NOTOSTIGMATA Suborder MESOSTIGMATA (Paras.) Gamasidae Suborder PROTOSTIGMATA (Trom.) Eriophyidae Tarsonemidae Tetranychidae Demodicidae Trombidiidae Suborder IXODIDA Ixodidae Argasidae Suborder PARASITIFORMES Dermanyssidae Halarachnidae Hirstionyssidae Laelapidae Macronyssidae Manitherionyssidae Nuttallielidae Rhytoseiidae Rhinonyssidae Suorder ACARIFORMES (Astig.) Alloptidae Analgidae


45 (7)

160 76

1500

species 60 6400

10

3300

13

35 80 2000

13

160 76

13 6

1 2

1000

1 2

2 6 16 100 48000

Southern Africa genera species 3 215

135

10 7

127

2 1 19 3 4 1 2 2 7

18 60 240 8 54 2 6 6 72

27

9 5 2 1 1 25 2 5 3 2 4 6

66 32 4 4 26 124 3 48 5 18 9 33

292

590

113 70, 113

113

71, 114

71, 114

1076

115

15 1

40 3

9 4 31 2 2 1 11 4 1 1 2 7 136 6 2

6/36 6 102 2 2 1 38 15 1 1 14 28 245 10 3

113

76

30000

11 4 2 40 5 1 3 10 9 2 1 3

6 415

7 3

>200f.

5 3 2 18 4 1 2 4 2 1 1 3


114 71, 114 114 115

2350

850

>200f.

Namibia gen spp 3 5

742

115

116

Taxa orders


Anystidae Arrenuridae Atturidae Avenzoariidae Bdellidae Caligonellidae Carpoglyphidae Caudiferidae Chelyletidae Chirosdiscidae Cunaxidae Cytoditidae Dermoglyphidae Epidermoptidae Eupalopsellidae Eupodidae Falculiferidae Freyanidae Gabuciniidae Gastronyssidae Glycophagidae Harpyrhynchidae Hemisarcoptidae Hydrachnidae Hydrodromidae Hygrobatidae Knemidokoptidae Kramerellidae Laminosiptidae Limnesiidae Limnocharidae Listrophoridae Mesoplophoridae Mycoptidae Nematalycidae Penthaleidae Pionidae Podapolipidae Proctophyllodidae Psorergatidae Psoroptidae Pterolichidae Pteronyssidae Pterogosomatidae Pyemotidae Pyroglyphidae Raphignathidae Rhyncoptidae Sarcoptidae Sprechontidae Stigaeidae Suidasiidae Syringophilidae Teneiffiidae Tenuipalpidae

28

species


Namibia gen spp 4 4 1 4 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 3 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 4 1 1 1 2 2 2 4 5 1 4 1 2 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 3 2 6 1 1 1 3 1 1 2 6 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 2 2 4 3 5 8 11 1 3 5 21 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 14 1 3 4 5 1 1 2 3 1 1 9 13


Taxa orders Teratothyadidae Torrenticolidae Trombiculidae Trouessatiidae Tuckerellidae Unionicolidae Xoalgidae Zotomotrichidae Order ARANEAE Group w e b – d w e l l e r s Agelenidae Amaurobiidae Anapidae Araneidae Cyatholipidae Deinopidae Dictynidae Dipluridae Drymusidae Eresidae Filistatidae Hersiliidae Heteropodidae Hahniidae Linyphiidae Mysmenidae Nephilidae Nesticidae Oecobiidae Penestomidae Pholcidae Phyxelididae Pisauridae Segestriidae Symphytognathidae Telemidae Tetragnathidae Theridiiade Theridiosomatidae Uloboriidae Group p l a n t – d w e l l e r s Clubionidae Hersiliidae Mimetidae Miturgidae Oxyopidae Philodromidae Salticidae Selenopidae Sparassidae Thomisidae Trochanteridae Group g r o u n d – d w e l l e r s Ammoxenidae Anyphaenidae


106

species

40000

2600 11 c.10 350 275 c.10

471

2082

6 4 3 35 6 2 3 2 1 7 1

14 8 4 95 16 5 4 6 3 50 1

1 21 1 3 1 4 1 6 9 12 1 1 1 5 22 2 4

6 28 1 6 1 5 1 36 30 36 13 1 1 25 70 2 9

2 3 2 3 3 6 67

30 12 4 29 41 37 265

2000 20

9 39 1

500

2 1

30

12

22 7 7

6 6 62 12 19 25 5 12

2000

85

9

83 160 6

29


Namibia gen spp 1 1 1 2 11 41 1 3 1 1 3 5 2 2 1 1 218 653


72, 117

5 2 1 10

7 5 1 25

1

2

6 1 3 2 1 6

20 1 5 3 1 11

3

6

3

7

74, 118

6 1

13 7

118 74

3 5

8 13

75

1

1

1

2

56 140 9

1 3 5 26 2 9 18 1

10 9 15 77 3 25 52 3

8 1

2 1

7 1

117 117 117 117

117 118 73, 118

74 118

73 118 118 74 74 74 74 75 75, 118

Taxa orders


Archaeidae Caponiidae Chummidae Cithaeronidae Corinnidae Ctenidae Desidae Dysderidae Gallieniellidae Gnaphosidae Liocranidae Lycosidae Microsygmatidae Oonopidae Orsolobidae Palpimanidae Prodidomidae Scytodidae Selenopidae Sicariidae Zodariidae Zoropsidae Group b u r r o w – d w e l l e r s Atypidae Barychelidae Ctenizidae Cyrtaucheniidae Idiopidae Migidae Nemesiidae Theraphosidae Phylum MOLLUSCA Class APLACOPHORA Order CAUDOFOVEATA Order SOLENOGASTRES Class MONOPLACOPHORA Order TRYBLIDIOIDEA Neopilinidae Class POLYPLACOPHORA Order ACANTHOCHITONIDA Acanthochitonidae Order ISCHNOCHITHONIA Callochitonidae Chaetopleuridae Chitonidae Ischnochitonidae Order LEPIDOPLEURIDA Class GASTROPODA Subclass PROSOBRANCHIA Order ARCHAEOGASTROPODA Fissurellidae Petallidae Tricoliidae Trochidae

8 1 2

species

2

28 36 20 141

54 27

5 4 2 54

1500

267

200

3 41

86

1

3

6 24 1 1

15 75 6 6 6

10

612 93195 370 120 250 25 25 25 1000

70000

Southern Africa genera species 2 14 2 11 1 2 1 1 25 77 2 7 2 2 1 1 2 16 27 183 3 11 27 104 1 6 12 15 2 3 2 17 6 26 1 30 2 68 2 9 17 103 2 25 1 3 1 2 6 2 3 8

Namibia gen spp 2

4

73, 117

3 1 1

4 3 1

73 117 117

19 3 27

80 3 93

2

2

3 3 1 2 1 11

11 22 8 8 5 41

2 3 40 34 49 22 48 44

1 1 2 1 1 4

2 4 7 4 1 10

5000

104

26

5

8

1

1

1 1 1 1

1 1 2 3

89

148

9 4 2 1 2

25 4 11 2 8

30

118 74 74, 118 118 118 118 118 74, 118 118

75, 119

118 75, 119

3 25


76, 119

Taxa orders Order MESOGASTROPODA Ampullariidae Aporrhaidae Bithyniidae Crepidulidae Cymatiidae Eatoniellidae Epitoniidae Littorinidae Naticidae Pyramidellidae Rissoidae Thiaridae Turritellidae Viviparidae Order NEOGASTROPODA Buccinidae Cancellariidae Columbellidae Conidae Fasciolariidae Marginellidae Muricidae Nassariidae Turridae Subclass OPISTHOBRANCHIA Order NOTASPIDEA Pleurobranchidae Order NUDIBRANCHIA Dorididae Scyllaeidae Tethyidae Zephyrinidae Order SACOGLOSSA Elysiidae Subclass PULMONATA Order BASOMMATOPHORA Ancylidae Bulinidae Lymnaeidae Physidae Planorbidae Siphonariidae Order STYLOMMATOPHORA Agriolimacidae Corallidae Dorcasiidae Pupillidae Subulinidae Veronicellidae Succineidae Lymnaeidae Ancylidae Planorbidae Physidae


species

Southern Africa genera species 4

5

1

1

4

7

1

2

24

9

110

2

140 19

3000

50

c.120

300

30000 4000 2 1

25 9

2

2

1 3 2 9 2

1 3 25 12 2

26000

31

Namibia gen spp 21 25 2 3 1 1 1 1 3 5 3 5 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 5 2 3 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 2 22 37 2 6 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 6 6 9 4 7 4 4 14 14 1 1 1 1 5 5 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 22 38 11 19 1 1 1 7 1 2 1 1 6 7 1 1 19 25 1 1 1 2 2 5 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 5 2

7 2


Taxa orders Class BIVALVIA Order MYOIDA Hyatellidae Order MYTILODA Mytilidae Order OSTEROIDA Gryphaidae Order UNIONOIDA Unionidae Mutelidae Etheriidae Order VENEROIDA Carditidae Corbiculidae Donacidae Leptonidae Mactridae Montacutidae Petricolidae Pisidiidae (Sphaeridae) Solenidae Tellinidae Ungulinidae Veneridae Class SCAPHOPODA Order DENTALIIDA Order GALIDA Class CEPHALOPODA Order AMMONITIDA Placenticeratidae Order OCTOPODA Alloposidae Argonautidae Octopodidae Ocythoidae Opisthoteuthidae Vitreledonellidae Order SEPIIDA Sepiidae Order SEPIOLIDA Sepiolidae Order SPIRULIDAE Spirulidae Order THEUTIDA Ancistrocheiridae Architeuthidae Bathyteuthidae Brachioteuthidae Chiroteuthidae Chtenopterygidae Cranchiidae Enoploteuthidae Loliginidae Lycoteuthidae Mastigoteuthidae


species 20000

2

14

60

900

1

45 1

1

900 6 200

32


2 3 1

4 5 1

1

2

3

12

2

4

2

Namibia gen spp 32 42 1 1 1 1 7 9 7 9 1 1 1 1 5 7 2 3 2 3 1 1 18 24 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 6 1 1 2 2 1 1 4 4 1 1

48 1 1 10 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 1 30 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 1 2 1 1

64 1 1 13 1 2 8 1 2 1 8 8 4 4 1 1 34 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 3 2 1 1


78

Taxa orders Octopoteuthidae Ommastrephidae Onychoteuthidae Pyroteuthidae Thysanoteuthidae Order VAMPYROMORPHA Vampyroteuthidae Phylum LOPHOPHORATA Class PHORONOIDA Class BRYOZOA Subclass ECTOPROCTA Order GYMNOLAEMATA Order CHEILOSTOMATA Bugulidae Membranoporidae Reteporidae Scrupocellariidae Order CTENOSTOMATA Alcyonididae Order PHYLACTOLAEMATA Order PLUMATELLIDA Lophopodidae Plumatelidae Subclass ENTOPROCTA Class BRACHIOPDA Subclass ARTICULATA Order TEREBRATULIDA Kraussidae Subclass INARTICULATA Order ACROTRETIDA Discinidae Phylum ECHINODERMATA Class CRINOIDEA Subclass Comatulida Subclass Articulata Class ASTEROIDEA Order SPINULOSIDA Asterinidae Asterninidae Echinasternidae Order FORCIPULATIDA Asteriidae Class OPHIUROIDEA Order OPHIURIDA Amphiuridae Ophiodermatidae Ophiothricidae Class ECHINOIDEA Order ECHINOIDA Parechinidae Order SPATAGOIDA Meretiidae Order DENDROCHIROTIDA


species

1

1 1

1 1

1

2

20 4500

30

1000 50

5


1 1

1 1

500

Namibia gen spp 1 1 6 6 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1


10 2 8

14 2 12

120

5 2 1 1 1 1 1

6 2 1 1 2 1 1

2 1 1

5 2 3

2 1 1 1 1 1 1

2 1 1 1 1 1 1

120

16

18

120

5 4 2 1 1 1 1 4 4 2 1 1 7 1 1 1 1 5

6 5 3 1 1 1 1 5 5 2 1 2 7 1 1 1 1 5

37

120

80

4

150 335 290

3

20

2

3

8

45

5 1 4 5

25 17 8 35

175 150 25

7000 695 600 95 1600

3

16

250

19

46

33

17

90

2000

120

950

58

120

Taxa orders Cucumariidae Phyllophoridae Class HOLOTHUROIDEA Order DENDROCHIROTIIDA Cucumariidae Phyllophoridae Phylum CHAETOGNATHA Phylum HEMICHORDATA Class ENTEROPNEUSTA Class PTEROBRANCHIA Class PLANCTOSPHAEROIDEA Phylum CHORDATA Subphylum TUNICATA Class ASCIDIACEA Order PHLEBOBRANCHIA Ascidiidae Cionidae Order STOLIDOBRANCHIA Pyuridae Styelidae Class THALIACEA Class APPENDICULARIA Subphylum ACRANIA Subphulum MYXINI Class MYXINI Order MYXINIFORMES Subphylum VERTEBRATA Class CEPHALASPIDIMORPHI Order PETROMYZONIFORMES Class CHODRICHTHYES Subclass ELASMOBRANCHI Subcalss HOLOCEPHALI Class OSTEICHTHYES Subclass SARCOPTERYGII Subclass ACTINOPTERYGII Class AMPHIBIA Class REPTILIA Order TESTUDINES Order CROCODYLIA Order SQUAMATA Order SERPENTES Class AVES Order STRUTHIONIFORMES Order GALLIFORMES Order ANSERIFORMES Order TURNICIFORMES Order PICIFORMES Indicatoridae Lybidae Picidae Order BUCEROTIFORMES Order UPUPIFORMES


189 90

species

6

26 7

2

5

100

3 1

8 4 3 1

3 1

85 75 9 1

185

49693 3000 2800

1150 550

2

24

3 1 1

5 3 1

2

4 1

11 2

95 55 46693

3

9

40 1100 1070 30 27000 7 27000 6180 7520 285 33 4450 2900 10000 10 215 163 17 354 17 41 216 54 12

23 15 1 3 42 3 5

42

2 2

108

Namibia gen spp 4 4 1 1 5 5 5 5 4 4 1 1

6 6 2 1 1 4 1 3

6 6 2 1 1 4 1 3

2 2 2

2 2 2 1820

73 64 23

49 3 4 431 60 53 14 3 19 16 233 4 3 4 1 5


4 435 1044 93 9 485 456 5 62 50 2 51 4 7 28 9 3

34

37 160

1

83 1 +715

2450 4

653

160 490 1

1

1 8 10 1 11 2

951 1 18 20 2 26 6

4 3 3

10 10 4

18 89 12 1 40 36 1 8 10 1 9 2 5 2 3 3

59 250 18 1 139 85 705 1 13 19 1 14 4 5 5 9 4


120

Taxa orders Order TROGONOFORMES Order CORACIIFORMES Coraciidae Alcedinidae Hacelonidae Cerylidae Meropidae Order COLIIFORMES Order CUCULIFORMES Order PSITTACIFORMES Order APODIFORMES Order MUSOPHAGIFORMES Order STRIGIFORMES Order COLUMBIFORMES Order GRUIFORMES Order CHARADRIIFORMES Pteroclidae Scolopacidae Rostratulidae Jacanidae Burhinidae Haematopodidae Recurvirostridae Charadriidae Glareolidae Laridae Order FALCONIFORMES Accipitridae Sagittariidae Falconidae Order CICONIIFORMES Podicipedidae Phaetohontidae Sulidae Anhingidae Phalacrocoracidae Ardeidae Scopidae Phoenicopteridae Threskiornithidae Pelecanidae Ciconiidae Fregatidae Spheniscidae Hydrobatidae Diomedeidae Procellariidae Order PASSERIFORMES Class MAMMALIA Order INSECTIVORA Soricidae Erinaceidae Chrysochloridae Order MACROSCELIDEA Macroscelididae

World families genera 1 6 10 34 2 3 12 3 3 1 2 6 29 1 81 2 19 1 5 9 45 2 44 10 53 12 2 21 1 6 1

3

27

47 148 7

1

species 39 153 12 25 61 9 26 6 145 360 105 23 300 315 197

3 11 6 27 76 65 1 10

6 88 2 8 9 11 11 88 19 129 320 256 1 63

6 1 3 1 1 20 1 1 14 1 6 1 6 8 4 13 1165 1180 93 26 10 9 4 4

22 3 10 4 39 66 1 6 34 8 19 5 18 21 21 76 5752 5112 567 384 24 21 15 15

35

Southern Africa genera species 1 1 8 24 2 6 2 3 1 5 2 2 1 9 2 3 7 20 3 9 6 13 4 6 10 19 6 15 21 33 35 115 1 4 13 35 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 3 21 3 8 8 38 46 72 25 54 1 1 2 17 44 112 2 3 1 3 2 4 1 1 1 5 9 17 1 1 1 2 1 5 1 2 5 8 1 2 4 6 5 7 4 15 12 31

12 4 1 7 3 3

340 32 15 1 15 11 11

Namibia gen spp 1 1 8 21 2 5 2 3 1 4 2 2 1 7 2 2 4 14 3 5 4 9 3 3 10 18 5 10 28 33 95 1 4 13 30 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 3 19 3 8 6 25 28 63 25 48 1 1 2 14 35 147 2 3 1 2 2 4 1 1 1 5 9 19 1 1 1 2 4 4 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 5 6 2 6 10 19 265 147 221

1 1

1 1 6 6


Taxa orders Order RODENTIA Bathyergidae Hystricidae Pedetidae Grilidae Sciuridae Thryonomyidae Petromuridae Muridae Order PRIMATES Lorisidae Cercopithecidae Order PHOLIDOTA Manidae Order CHIROPTERA Pteropodidae Emballonuridae Molossidae Vespertilionidea Nycteridae Rhinolophidae Hipposideridae Order LAGOMORPHA Leporidae Order CARNIVORA Protelidae Hyaenidae Felidae Canidae Mustelidae Viverridae Otariidae Phocidae Order TUBULIDENTATA Orycteropodidae Order PROBOSCIDEA Elephantidae Order HYRACOIDEA Procaviidae Order PERISSODACTYLA Rhinocerotidae Equidae Order ARTIODACTYLA Suidae Hippopotamidae Giraffidae Bovidae Order CETACAE Ziphiidae Physeteridae Delphinidae Balaenidae Neobalaenidae Balaenopteridae

World families genera 28 435 5 4 1 8 50 1 1 279 16 69 3 18 1 1 18 197 42 13 16 48 1 1 4 3 13 11 15 123 1 2 11 13 22 37 10 10 1 1 2 2 1 3 3 3 5 4 1 10 80 5 2 2 47 14 40 6 2 17 3 1 2

36

species 2000 12 11 1 26 273 2 1 1303 365 11 116 7 7 1111 184 51 98 407 16 77 81 92 62 283 1 3 36 36 59 77 16 19 1 1 2 3 11 11 16 5 7 200 13 2 2 123 86 21 3 36 3 1 9

Southern Africa genera species 3 1 1 1 5 1 1

5 1 1 4 7 2 1

5 3 2 1 1

6 3 3 1 1

4 2 4 10 1 1 3 3 3

8 3 14 29 6 10 4 7 7

1 2 3 4 5 13 1 4 1 1 1 1 3 3

1 2 8 5 5 16 3 4 1 1 1 1 3 3

2 1

2 4

2 1 1

2 1 1 34

4 2 15 1 1 2

7 3 1 1 6

Namibia gen spp 27 52 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 1 1 1 1 17 29 4 4 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 31 3 4 1 2

6 32 1 2 5 4 5 11 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 18 2 1 1 14

39 1 2 8 6 5 14 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 2 4 37 2 1 1 30 28


ALL LITERATURE FROM 1991-2010 GENERAL ADRIANOV, A.V., MALAKHOV, V.V. 1994. Kinorhyncha: structure, development, phylogeny and classification. Moscow: Nauka Publishing. BALIAN, E.V., LEVEQUE, C., SEGERS, H., MARTENS, K. (eds.) 2008. Freshwater Animal Diversity Assesment. Hydrobiologia, 595. BIANCHI, G., CARPENTER, K.E., ROUX, K.E., MOLLOY, J.P., BOYER, F.J., BOYER, D., BOYER, H. 1993. The living marine resources of Namibia. Rome: FAO. BONE, Q. 1997. Biology of Pelagic Tunicates. New York: Oxford Univ. Press. BOLTOVSKOY, D. 1999. South African Zooplankton. Leiden: Backhuys. CLARK, A.M., DOWNEY, M.E. 1992. Starfish of the Atlantic. London: Chapman & Hall. CURTIS, B.A. 1991. Freshwater macroinvertebrates of Namibia. Madoqua, 17: 163-187. CURTIS, B., ROBERTS, K.S., GRIFFIN, M., BETHUNE, S., HAY, C.J., KOLBERG, H. 1998. Species richness and conservation of Namibian freshwater macro-invertebrates, fish and amphibians. Biodiversity and Conservation, 7(4): 447-466. CUTLER, E.B. 1994. The Sipuncula. Their Systematics, Biology, and Evolution. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press. DAY J.A., HARRISON A.D., DE MOOR J. 2001-2010. Guide to Freshwater Invertebrates of Southern Africa. Vol. 1-10. Pretoria: Water Research Commission. EMANUEL, B.P., BUSTAMANTE, R.H., BRANCH, G.M., EEKHOUT, S., ODENDAAL, F,J. 1992. A zoogepgraphic and functional approach to the selection of marine reserves on the west coast of South Africa. South African Journal of Marine Science, 12: 341-354. FOOTTIT, R.G., ADLER, P.H. 2009. Insect Biodiversity. Science and Society. Oxford, Wiley-Blackwell. GANS, C., KEMP, N., POSS, S. (eds.) 1996. The Lancelets (Cephalochordata). Israel Journal of Zoology, 42. IVANOV, A.V. 1963. Pogonophora. London: Academic Press. KIRK-SPRIGGS, A.H., MARAIS, E. (eds.) 2000. Dâures – biodiversity of the Brandberg Massif, Namibia. Cimbebasia Memoir, 9: 1-389. MILLS, C.E. 1998. Phylum Ctenophora. List of all valid species names. http://faculty.washintgton.edu/cemills/Ctenolist.html. MONNIOT, C., MONNIOT, F. 1990. Revision of the class Sorberacea (Benthic Tunicates), with descriptions of seven new species. Zoological Journal of Linnean Society, 99: 239-290. PAMER, R.W. 1996. Invertebrates in the Orange River, with emphasis on conservation and management. South African Journal of aquatic Sciences, 22: 3-51. REIMER, L.W. 1993. Parasites of Merluccius capensis and M. paradoxus from the coast of Namibia. Applied Parasitology, 34(2): 143-150. STEJSKAL, V., KOSINA, P., KANYOMEKA, L. 2006. Arthropod pests and their natural enemies in stored crops in northern Namibia. Journal of Pest Science, 79(1): 51-55.

PORIFERA HOOPER, J.N.A., VAN SOEST, R.W.M. (eds.). 2002. Systema Porifera. Guide to Supraspecific Classification of Sponges and Spongimorphs Classification of Sponges (Porifera). New York: Plenum. MANCONI, R., PRONZATO, R. 2009. Atlas of African Freshwater Sponges. Studies in Afrotrop. Zool., 295 (Mus. Roy. Afr. Centr.), 216 pp. [58 spp., 17 gen., 4 fam.]

CNIDARIA CORNELIUS, P.F.S. 1997. Key to the genera of Cubomedusae and Scyphomedusae (Cnidaria). Proc. 6th Int. Conf. Coelenterate Biology. Leiden: National Natuurhist. Mus. DOUMENE, D. (ed.) 1993. Cnidaria – Cténaire. In: Grassé P. (ed.). Traité de Zoologie. Vol. 3. Paris: Masson. GILI, J.M., HUGHES, R.G. 1995. The ecology of marine benthic hydroids. Oceanography and Marine biology, 33: 351-426. VERON, J.E.N. 2000. Corals of the World. Australian Int. Marine Sci. WALLACE, C.C. 1999. Staghorn Corals of the World. Collingwood: CSIRO.

37

HELMINTHA APPLETON, C.C., BRAIN, C. 1995. Gastro-intestinal parasites of Papio cynocephalus ursinus living in the central Namib desert, Namibia. African Journal of Ecology, 33(3): 257-265. AVENANT-OLDEWAGE, A., OLDEWAGE, W.H. 1993. The occurrence of fish parasites in the Kwando River, Caprivi, Namibia. Madoqua, 18(2): 183-185. BERTELSEN, M.F., OSTERGAARD, K., MONRAD, J., BRONDUM, E.T., BAANDRUP, U. 2009. Monodontella giraffae infection in wild-caught southern giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis giraffa). Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 45(4): 1227-1230. CANARIS, A. G., KINSELLA, J. M., BRABY, R. 2003. Helminth parasite communities in two species of shorebirds (Charadrii) from Namibia. Comparative Parasitology, 70(2): 155-161. CUNNINGHAM, P., CUNNINGHAM, J. 2010. Varanidae: Varanus albigularis Daudin, 1802, rock monitor: diet. African Herp News, 51: 18-19. FELLIS, K. J., NEGOVETICH, N.J., ESCH, G.W., HORAK, I.G., BOOMKER, J.2003. Patterns of association, nestedness, and species co-occurrence of helminth parasites in the greater kudu, Tragelaphus strepsiceros, in the Kruger National Park, South Africa, and the Etosha National Park, Namibia. Journal of Parasitology, 89(5): 899-907. FROESCHKE, G.. HARF, R., SOMMER, S., MATTHEE, S. 2010. Effects of precipitation on parasite burden along a natural climatic gradient in southern Africa - implications for possible shifts in infestation patterns due to global changes. Oikos, 119 (6): 1029-1039. GOLDBERG, S. R., BURSEY, C. R. 2002. Helminths of four species of gekkonid lizards from southern Africa. African Zoology, 37: 43-46. GOLDBERG, S.R., BURSEY, C.R. 2010. Elapidae: Naja nivea Linnaeus, 1758 Cape cobra. Endoparasites. African Herp News, 50: 29-30. GOLDBERG, S.R., BURSEY, C.R., BAUER, A.M., CHEAM, H. 1999. Helminths of the day geckos, Rhoptropus afer and Rhoptropus barnardi (Sauria: Gekkonidae), from Namibia, southwestern Africa. Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 66(1): 78-80. GOLOVAN, Y.J. 1994. Nomenclature of Acanthocephala. Research and Review in Parasitology, 54(3): 135-205. HEIDEMAN, N.J.L. 1999. Summer diet of Agama etoshae McLachlan 1981 from Namibia. Russian Journal of Herpetology, 6(1): 45-47. KNAPP, S.E., KRECEK, R.C., HORAK, I.G., PENZHORN, B.L. 1997. Helminths and arthropods of black and white rhinoceroses in southern Africa. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 33(3): 492-502. SCHMIDT-RAESA, A. 1998. Nematophora. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag.

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EARDLEY, C.D. 1996. The genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville (Hymenoptera: Colletidae). African Entomology, 4(1): 37-39. KUHLMANN, M. 2007. Revision of the bees of the Colletes fasciatus-group in southern Africa (Hymenoptera: Colletidae). African Invertebrates, 48(2): 121-165. Crabronidae ANTROPOV, A.V. 2000. Digger wasps of the genus Brimocelus (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae, Crabroninae). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 79(9): 1078-1087. ANTROPOV, A.V. 2000. Two new species [genera] of digger wasps of the tribe Oxybelini (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae, Crabroninae) with reduced hindwing venation. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 79(10): 1207-1215. ANTROPOV, A.V. 2002. Digger wasps of the genus Belomicroides (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae, Oxybelini). 1. New species of the world fauna. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 81(5): 565-583. ANTROPOV, A.V. 2005. Revision of digger wasps of the genus Oxybelomorpha (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae, Oxybelini). 3. Species group "braunsii". Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 84(9): 1098-1111. ANTROPOV, A.V. 2005. Revision of digger wasps of the genus Oxybelomorpha (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae, Oxybelini). 4. Species groups "rhodesiana" and "rubicunda". Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 84(11): 1339-1352. LECLERCQ, J. 1997. Hymenopteres Sphecides Crabroniens du genre Entomognathus Dahlbom, 1844 d'Afrique et d'Asie. Entomofauna, 18(13): 113-134. PULAWSKI, W.J. 1995. The wasp genus Gastrosericus Spinola, 1839 (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences, 18: i-vi, 1-173. PULAWSKI, W.J. 1995. The wasp genus Tachytella Brauns, 1906 (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 4: 121-136. PULAWSKI, W.J. 2007. The wasp genus Tachysphex Kohl, 1883, of Sahara, sub-Saharan Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Crabronidae). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 58 (Supplement 1): 1693, 695-698. PULAWSKI, W.J., PRENTICE, M.A. 2008. A revision of the wasp tribe Palarini Schrottky, 1909 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Crabronidae). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 59(8): 307-479. Encyrtidae PRINSLOO, G.L. 2001. The Afrotropical species of Leptomastidea Mercet (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), parasitoids of mealybugs. Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 10(2): 145-162. Eumenidae GUSENLEITNER, J. 1997. Eine neue Eumenidae-Gattung und drei neue Eumeniden-Arten aus dem aethiopischen Afrika (Hymenoptera, Eumenidae). Linzer Biologische Beitraege, 29(2): 771-777. GUSENLEITNER, J. 1997. Zwei neue Eumeniden-Arten aus Namibia und Zimbabwe (Hymenoptera, Vespoidea, Eumenidae). Linzer Biologische Beitraege 29(1): 99-104. GUSENLEITNER, J. 1999. Neue Eumeniden aus dem sudlichen Afrika und Kenya (Hymenoptera, Vespoidea, Eumenidae). Linzer Biologische Beitraege, 31(1): 351-361. GUSENLEITNER, J. 2001. Ueber Eumeniden aus verschiedenen Gebieten des aethiopischen Afrika (Hymenoptera, Vespoidea, Eumenidae). Linzer Biologische Beitraege, 33(1): 243-255. GUSENLEITNER, J. 2002. Ueber bemerkenswerte Faltenwespen aus der aethiopischen Region (Hymenoptera, Vespoidea). Linzer Biologische Beitraege, 34(1): 307-320. GUSENLEITNER, J. 2005. Ueber bemerkenswerte Faltenwespen aus der aethiopischen Region Teil 3 (Hymenoptera, Vespoidea, Eumenidae). Linzer Biologische Beitraege, 37(2): 1177-1198. Formicidae BOLTON, B. 1994. Identification Guide to Ant Genera of the World. Harvard Univ. Press. BOLTON, B. 1995. A New General Catalogue of the Ants of the World. Harvard Univ. Press; 504 pp. BOLTON, B. et al. 2007. Bolton’s Catalogue of Ants of the World 1758-2005. Harvard Univ. Press. [CD, 14550 spp.] ESPADALER, X., BLANCAFORT, X., GOMEZ, C. 2004. The Argentine ant, Linepithema humile (Mayr, 1868) in Namibia (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie, 21(1): 42. HEATWOLE, H., PRAKASH, I. 2001. Realized ant assemblages in the Namib, Kalahari and Kara-Kum deserts. Ecology of desert environments; p. 301-332 KOCH, F., VOHLAND, K. 2004. Ants along a southern African transect - a basis for biodiversity change monitoring (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Mitteilungen aus dem Museum fuer Naturkunde in Berlin Zoologische Reihe, 80(2): 261-273. MUELLER, M., WEHNER, R. 2010. Path Integration Provides a Scaffold for Landmark Learning in Desert Ants. Current Biology, 20(15): 1368-1371. PARR, C.L., ROBERTSON, H.G., CHOWN, S.L. 2003. Apomyrminae and Aenictogitoninae: Two new subfamilies of ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) for southern Africa. African Entomology, 11(1): 128-129. ROBERTSON, H.G. 2000. Formicidae (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea). Cimbebasia Memoir, 9: 371-382. SNELLING, R.R. 2007. A review of the arboreal Afrotropical ant genus Axinidris. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute (Gainesville), 80: 551-579. WEHNER, R., MUELLER, M. 2010. Piloting in desert ants: pinpointing the goal by discrete landmarks. Journal of Experimental Biology, 213(24): 4174-4179.

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GESS, F.W. 2005. Three new species of Masarina Richards, 1962 from southern Africa with a key to all species of the genus (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Masarinae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 14(1): 7-14. GESS, F.W. 2007. Four new species of the wasp genus Celonites Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Masarinae) from South-western Africa, designation of neotype for C. michaelseni von Schulthess, 1923, species representation in Namibia, and key to species occurring in Namibia. Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 16(1): 11-29. GESS, F.W. 2007. The genus Quartinia Ed. Andre, 1884 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Masarinae) in southern Africa. Part I. Descriptions of new species with complete venation. Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 16(2): 211-233. GESS, F.W. 2009. The genus Quartinia Ed. Andre, 1884 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Masarinae) in Southern Africa. Part III. New and little known species with incomplete venation. Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 18(2): 244-281. GESS, S.K. 1999. Distribution and ethology of Ceramius damarinus Turner (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Masarinae) in Namibia. University of Kansas Museum of Natural History Special Publication, 24: 25-32. GESS, S.K. 2001. Distribution and ethology of Priscomasaris Gess (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Masarinae: Priscomasarina) in Namibia. Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 10(1): 16-28. GESS, S.K., GESS, F. W. 2004. The distributions of the genera of pollen wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Maserinae) in the semiarid to arid areas of southern Africa in relation to their requirements for successful nesting. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 59(2): 59-64. GESS, S.K., GESS, F. W. 2004. Distributions of flower associations of pollen wasps (Vespidae: Masarinae) in southern Africa. Journal of Arid Environments, 57(1): 17-44. GESS, S.K., GESS, F. W. 2008. Patterns of usage of snail shells for nesting by wasps (Vespidae: Masarinae and Eurneninae) and bees (Megachilidae: Megachilinae) in southern Africa. Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 17(1): 86-109. GREATHEAD, D.J. 1999. Apolysis sp. (Diptera: Bombyliidae) reared from Quartinia sp. (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Masarinae). Journal of Arid Environments, 43(2): 155-157. GREATHEAD, D.J. 1999. Apolysis sp. (Diptera: Bombyliidae) reared from Quartinia sp. (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Masarinae). Journal of Arid Environments, 42(3): 223-225. MECOPTERA LONDT, J.G.H. 1994. A catalogue of Afrotropical Mecoptera. Ann. Natal Mus., 35: 45- 59. [In Africa only one family, 3 genera and 53 species] LONDT, J.G.H. 1995. An atlas of Mecoptera of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Ann. Natal Mus., 36: 169-187. [Key to species (11), monograph] SIPHONAPTERA LEWIS, 1998. Resume of the Siphonaptera (Insecta) of the world. Journal of medical Entomology, 35: 377-389. SHIHEPO, F.G., EISEB, S., CUNNINGHAM, P. 2008. Fleas (Insecta: Siphonaptera) associated with small mammals in selected areas in northern Namibia. Journal Namibia Scientific Society, 56: 5-23. DIPTERA KIRK-SPRIGGS, A.H., ISMAY, JOHN W., ACKLAND, M., ROHACEK, J., MATHIS, W.N., FOSTER, G.A., PAPE, T., CRANSTON, P.S., MEIER, R. 2001. Inter-tidal Diptera of southwestern Africa (Chironomidae, Canacidae, Chloropidae, Milichiidae, Tethinidae, Ephydridae, Sphaeroceridae, Coelopidae, Sarcophagidae and Anthomyiidae). Cimbebasia, 17: 85-135. KRECEK, R.C., LOUW, J.P., SNEDDON, J.C. 1995. Parasites of feral horses from the Namib Desert, Namibia. Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 62(1): 84-86. PALMER, R.W. 1996. Invertebrates in the Orange River, with emphasis on conservation and management. Southern African Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 22(1-2): 3-51. RATHBUN, G.B., COWLEY, T., ZAPKE, O. 2005. Black mongoose (Galerella nigrata) home range and social behaviour affected by abundant food at an antelope carcass. African Zoology, 40(1): 154-157. ROSSI, W., WEIR, A. 2007. New species of Stigmatomyces from various continents. Mycologia, 99(1): 139-143. VON TSCHIRNHAUS, M., IRWIN, M., HAUSER, M., EVENHUIS, N., PAPE, T. 2000. Provisional checklist of the Agromyzidae, Therevidae, Mythicomyiidae, Sarcophagidae and Stratiomyidae (Diptera) of the Brandberg Massif, Namibia. Cimbebasia Memoir, 9: 383-384. Agromyziidae DEMPEWOLF, M. 2004. Arthropod of Economic importance – Agromyziidae of the World. CD-ROM series, Amsterdam, ETI/ZMA. Anthyomyiidae ACKLAND, D.M. 1995. Two new species of Leucophora Robineau-Desovoidy, 1830 (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) from southern Africa. Ann. Natal Mus., 36: 87-95.

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ACKLAND, D.M. 2001. Revision of Afrotropical Anthomyia Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), with descriptions of ten new species. African Invertebrates, 42: 1-94. Asilidae DIKOW, T. 2003. Revision of the genus Euscelidia Westwood, 1850 (Diptera: Asilidae: Leptogastrinae). African Invertebrates, 44(2): 1-131. LONDT, J.G.H. 1991. Bana, a new genus of bee-mimicking assassin fly from southern Namibia (Diptera: Asilidae: Stenopogoninae). Cimbebasia, 13: 91-97. LONDT, J.G.H. 1992. Revision of three small Afrotropical asilid genera, Empodiodes Oldroyd, Hynirhynchus Lindner and Lycostommyia Oldroyd (Diptera: Asilidae: Stenopogoninae). Journal of African Zoology, 106(1): 55-79. LONDT, J.G.H. 1992. Afrotropical Asilidae (Diptera) 22. The genus Scylaticus Loew, 1858 (Stenopogoninae). Annals of the Natal Museum, 33(1): 95-187. LONDT, J.G.H. 1993. Afrotropical Asilidae (Diptera) 23. The genera Connomyia Londt, 1992 and Danomyia gen. n. (Stenopogoninae). Annals of the Natal Museum, 34(1): 103-151. 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Lonchaeidae MACGOWAN, I. 2005. New species of Lonchaeidae (Diptera: Schizophora) from central and southern Africa. Zootaxa, 967: 123. Micropezidae BARRACLOUGH, D.A. 1995. An illustrated identification key to the acalyptrate families (Diptera: Schizophora) occuring in southern Africa. Ann. Natal Mus., 36: 97-133. BARRACLOUGH, D.A. 1996. Review of the South African species of Micropezidae (Diptera: Schizophora), with first record of the Micropezinae from the Afrotropical region. Ann. Natal Mus., 37: 141-171. [Key to South African species, monograph] Milichidae SWANN, J.E. 2000. Milichiidae (Diptera: Carnoidea). Cimbebasia Memoir, 9: 265-268. Muscidae DEEMING, J.C. 2000. Muscidae: Atherigonini (Diptera: Muscoidea). Cimbebasia Memoir, 9: 283-287. Mydidae IRWIN, M.E., WIEGMANN, B.M. 2001. A review of the southern African genus Tongamya (Diptera: Asiloidea: Mydidae: Megascelinae), with a molecular assessment of the phylogenetic placement of Tongamya and the Megascelinae. African Invertebrates, 42: 225-253. Mythicomyiidae EVENHUIS, N.L. 2000. A revision of the 'microbombyliid' genus Doliopteryx Hesse (Diptera: Mythicomyiidae). Cimbebasia, 16: 117-135. EVENHUIS, N.L. 2001. A new 'microbombyliid' genus from the Brandberg Massif, Namibia (Diptera: Mythicomyiidae). Cimbebasia, 17: 137-141. EVANHUIS, N.L. 2002. Review of the genus Onchopelma Hesse, with descriptions of new species (Diptera: Mythicomyiidae). Zootaxa, 64: 1-12. EVENHUIS, N.L. 2002. Catalog of the Mythicomyiidae of the World (Insecta: Diptera). Bishop Museum Press; 85 pp. [337 spp., 25 gen.] KIRK-SPRIGGS, A.H., EVENHUIS, N.L. 2008. A new species of Psiloderoides Hesse (Diptera: Mythicomyiidae) from the Brandberg Massif, Namibia. African Entomology, 16(1): 122-126. Nariidae BARRACLOUGH, D.A. 1993. The southern African species of Neriidae (Diptera). Annales of Natal Musum, 34: 1-17. [Key to southern African species (one genus with 4 species)] MILLER, R.M. 1995. Key to genera of Afrotropical Sciomyzidae (Diptera: Acalyptratae) with new records, synonymies and biological notes. Ann. Natal Mus., 36: 189-201. Phoridae DISNEY, R.H.L. 1994. Scuttle Flies: The Phoridae. London, Chapman & Hall; 467 pp. DISNEY, R.H.I., KISTNER, D.H. 1995. Revision of the Afrotropical Termitoxeniinae (Diptera: Phoridae). Sociobiology, 26: 117-225. KIRK-SPRIGGS, A.H., MARAIS, E. 1999. Megaselia scalaris (Loew) (Diptera: Phoridae) a potential pest problem in field prepared insect collections. Cimbebasia, 15: 163-164. Pipunculidae DE MEYER, M. 2000. Pipunculidae (Diptera: Syrphoidea). Cimbebasia Memoir, 9: 231-233. FOLDVARI, M. 2003. New Afrotropical species from the tribe Eudorylini (Diptera: Pipunculidae). Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 95: 161-171. Sarcophagidae KIRK-SPRIGGS, A.H. 1999. Female, immatures, and hymenopteran parasites of Sarcophaga inzi Curran (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Cimbebasia, 15: 65-70. KIRK-SPRIGGS, A.H. 2003. The immature stages of Sarcophaga (Liosarcophaga) namibia Reed (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) from the southwestern seaboard of Africa. Cimbebasia, 18: 39-47. LEHRER, A.Z. 1993. Deux nouvelles especes de Xiphidiella du sud de l'Afrique (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Stuttgarter Beitraege zur Naturkunde Serie A (Biologie), 502: 1-5. LEHRER, A.Z. 1995. Six especes afrotropicales nouvelles de la sous-famille Sarcophaginae (Diptera, Sarcophagidae). Entomologica (Bari), 29: 53-68. LEHRER, A.Z. 2005. Nouveaux Sarcophagides afrotropicaux et orientaux (Diptera, Sarcophagidae). Entomologica (Bari), 39: 559. LEHRER, A.Z. 2006. Sur les especes Sarcophaga namibia Reed, 1974 et Parathalattisca namibica Lehrer 1995 (Diptera, Sarcophagidae). Fragmenta Dipterologica, 1: 15-17. PAPE, T. 1996. Catalogue of the Sarcophagidae of the world (Insecta: Diptera). Memoirs of Entomology International, 8: 1-558. PAPE, T. 2006. A new species of Hoplacephala Macquart (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) from Namibia, with a discussion of generic monophyly. Zootaxa, 1183: 57-68. Scenopinidae

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WINTERTON, S.L., METZ, M.A. 2005. Cyrtosathe gen. n.: the first non-scenopinine window fly from sub-Saharan Africa (Diptera: Scenopinidae). Zootaxa, 975: 1-12. Sciaridae HIPPA, H., VILKAMAA, P. 2005. The genus Sciarotricha gen. n. (Sciaridae) and the phylogeny of Recent and fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera). Insect Systematics & Evolution, 36(2): 121-143. VILKAMAA, P. 2000. Sciaridae (Diptera: Bibionomorpha). Cimbebasia Memoir, 9: 215-216. Sepsidae OZEROV, A.L. 2000. The Sepsidae (Diptera) of Namibia, with descriptions of four new species. Cimbebasia, 16: 31-45. OZEROV, A.L. 2003. New genera and species of Sepsidae (Diptera). Russian Entomological Journal, 12(4): 399-420. Simulidae ADLER, P.H., CROSSKEY, R.W. 2008. World Blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae). A Fully Revised Edition of the Taxonomic and Geographic Inventory. http://entweb.clemson.edu/biomia/pdfs/blackflyinventory.pdf. Sphaeroceridae KIRK-SPRIGGS, A.H. 2007. Third instar larva and puparium of Archicollinella penteseta (Richards) (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) from Namibian guano islands, with notes on the species' biology and introduction to the Scilly Isles of Great Britain. African Entomology, 15(1): 141-151. MARSHALL, S.A., ROHACEK, J. 2000. A world revision of the seaweed fly genus Thoracochaeta Duda (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae: Limosininae). Part 1: extra-Holarctic species. Studia Dipterologica, 7(2): 259-311. Stratiomyidae WOODLEY, N.E. 2001. A World Catalog of the Stratiomyidae (Insecta: Dipetar). Myia (Leiden), 11: 1-473. Syrphidae DIRICK, H.G. 1998. Catalogue Synonimique et Geographique des Syrphidae (Diptera) de la Region Afrotropicalle. Mus. Hist. Nat., Geneva; 187 pp. WHITTINGTON, A.E. 1992. Revision of the afrotropical species of Graptomyza Wiedemann (Dipetera: Syrphidae: Volucellini). Annales of the Natal Museum, 33: 209-269. WHITTINGTON, A.E. 2000. Syrphidae (Diptera: Syrphoidea). Cimbebasia Memoir, 9: 235-238. Tabanidae IRISH, J. 1991. Rectification of misleading locality data recently published for Namibian Tabanidae (Diptera). Cimbebasia, 13: 183. Tachinidae CERRETTI, P. 2005. World revision of the genus Nealsomyia Mesnil (Diptera, Tachinidae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 112(1): 121-144. CERRETTI, P. 2009. A review of the genus Kuwanimyia Townsend (Diptera: Tachinidae), with taxonomic remarks on related genera. African Entomology, 17(1): 51-63. CERRETTI, P., BARRACLOUGH, D.A. 2007. Anomalostomyia namibica, a new genus and species of Afrotropical Tachinidae (Diptera). Italian Journal of Zoology (Modena), 74(1): 101-106. CERRETTI, P., DE BIASE, A., FREIDBERG, A. 2009. Systematic study of the genus Rossimyiops Mesnil (Diptera: Tachinidae). Zootaxa, 1984: 31-56. CERRETTI, P., WYATT, N. 2006. A new species of Eomedina Mesnil (Diptera: Tachinidae) from Namibia. Zootaxa, 1147: 6168. Tephritidae ALUJA, M., NORRBOM A.L. (eds.) 1999. Fruit Flies (Tephritidae): Phylogeny and Evolution of Behaviour. Boca Raton (Florida), CRC Press; 944 pp. DE MEYER, D.I. 1998. Revision of the subgenus Ceratitis (Ceratalaspis) Hancock (Diptera: Tephritidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 88: 257-290. DE MEYER, M., FREIDBERG, A. 2005. Revision of the fruit fly genus Capparimyia (Diptera, Tephritidae). Zoologica Scripta, 34(3): 279-303. FREIDBERG, A., KAPLAN, E. 1992. Revision of the Oedaspidini of the Afrotropical Region (Diptera: Tephritidae: Tephritinae). Annales of the Natal Museum, 33: 51-94. FREIDBERG, A., KAPLAN, E. 1993. A study of Afreutreta Bezzi and related genera (Diptera: Tephritidae: Tephritinae). African Entomology, 1: 207-228. HANCOCK, D.L. 2000. Tephritidae (Diptera: Tephritoidea). Cimbebasia Memoir, 9: 239-248. HANCOCK, D.L., KIRK-SPRIGGS, A.H., MARAIS, E. 2003. New records of Namibian Tephritidae (Diptera: Schizophora), with notes on the classification of subfamily Tephritinae. Cimbebasia, 18: 49-70. NORRBOM, A.L. 2004. Fruit Flies (Dipetra: Tephritidae). Taxonomy Pages. http://www.sel.barc.usda.gov/diptera/tephriti/tephriti.htm. Thaumaleidae NORRBOM, A.L. 2000. Fruit Flies (Tephritidae). Phylogeny and Evolution annd Behaviour. CRC Press; 944 pp. SINCLAIR, B.J., STUCKENBERG, B.R. 1995. Review of the Thaumaleidae (Diptera) of South Africa. Ann. Natal Mus., 36: 209-214.

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Therevidae IRWIN, M.E. 2001. Species composition and seasonal flight periodicity of stiletto flies (Diptera: Therevidae) occurring along the Kuiseb River, Gobabeb, Namibia. Cimbebasia, 17: 169-175. Ulidiidae BARRACLOUGH, D.A. 2000. A review of the Southern African Ulidiidae (Diptera: Schizophora), with descriptions of two new genera. Annals of the Natal Museum, 41: 77-101. BARRACLOUGH, D.A. 2000.The Acroceridae (Diptera) of Namibia, with descriptions of two new species. Cimbebasia, 16: 2530. Vermileontidae STUCKENBERG, B.R. 1995. Vermilynx, a new genus for the wormlion fly Lampromyia vansoni Stuckenberg of the Richtersveld, southern Africa (Diptera: Vermileonidae). African Entomology, 3(1): 29-34. STUCKENBERG, B.R. 1996. A revised generic classification of the wormlion flies of southern Africa previously placed in Lampromyia Macquart, with reinstatement of Leptynoma Westwood 1876, and descriptions of a new subgenus and two new species (Diptera, Vermileonidae). Annals of the Natal Museum, 37: 239-266. STUCKENBERG, B.R. 1998. A new Namibian wormlion species, with an account of the biogeography of Leptynoma Westwood s. str. and its association with anthophily in the Fynbos and Succulent Karoo biomes (Diptera, Vermileonidae). Annals of the Natal Museum, 39: 165-183. STUCKENBERG, B.R. 2000. The Vermileonidae (Diptera) of Namibia, with the description of a new species of Perianthomyia Stuckenberg from the Brandberg Massif. Cimbebasia, 16: 47-54. TRICHOPTERA MEY, W. 2001. Observations on the caddisfly fauna (Insecta: Trichoptera) of three perennial rivers in northern Namibia. Cimbebasia 17: 229-236. MORSE, J.C. 1997. Checklist of World Trichoptera. In: Holzenthal, W., Flint, O.S.Jr. (eds.): Proceedings of the 8 th International Symposium on Trichoptera. Columbus (Ohio), Ohio Biological Survey; 496 pp. MORSE, J.C. (ed.). 1999. Trichoptera World Checklist. http://entweb.clemson.edu/database/trichopt/index.htm PALMER, R.W.1996. Invertebrates in the Orange River, with emphasis on conservation and management. Southern African Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 22(1-2): 3-51. LEPIDOPTERA ACKERY P.R., SMITH, C.R., VANE-WRIGHT, R.I. 1995. Carcasson’s African Butterflies. An Annotated Catalogue of the Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea of the Afrotropical Region; 816 pp. [3593 spp., 300 gen. (20% of world fauna)] BALINSKY, B.I. 1994. A study of African Phycitinae in the Transvaal Museum; i-iii, 1-208. BIDZILYA, O.V. 2010. A taxonomic review of the genera Parapsectris Meyrick, 1911 and Athrips Billberg, 1820 in Africa. Esperiana Memoir, 5 : 341-408, 536-539. BRAINE, S. 2002. Another lindae? and checklist of butterflies from the Hobatere concession area, Nambia. Metamorphosis, 13(4): 116-121. D’ABRERA B. 1998. Butterflies of the World. Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region. I: Papilionidae, Pieridae, Acraeidae, Danaidae and Satyridae. FIBIGER, M., LAFONTAINE, J.D. 2005. A review of the higher classification of the Noctuoidea (Lepidoptera) with special reference to the Holarctic fauna. Esperiana, 11: 1-205. GIELIS, C. 2003. World Catalogue of Insects. Vol. 4: Pterophoroida and Alucitoidea (Lepidoptera). World Catalogue of Insects (Apollo Books), 4, 198 pp. HALL, N.M. 1998-1997. Annual exhibition. Imperial College, London SW7 - 25 October 1997. Foreign Lepidoptera. British Journal of Entomology and Natural History, 11(2): 95-98. HENNING, G.A., HENNING, S.F., JOANNOU, J.G., WOODHALL, S.E. 1997. Living butterflies of Southern Africa: biology, ecology and conservation. Volume I: Hesperiidae, Papilionidae and Pieridae of South Africa; 397 pp. HENNING, G.A. et al. 2007. Living Butterflies of Southern Africa. Biology, Ecology and Conservation. Umdaus Press. Vol. 1-4 HEPPER, J. 2010. Manual of Lepidoptera. Classification of the Butterflies and Moths of the World. CRC Press; 800 pp. [142 fam.] HOLLMANN, J. C. 2007. Kaggen's code: paintings of moths in southern African hunter-gatherer rock art. Southern African Humanities, 19: 83-101. KRISTENSEN, N.P. (ed.) 1998. Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies. Vol. 1: Evolution, Systematics, and Biogeography. Berlin, Walter de Gruyter. LVOVSKY, A.L. 2007. Amphisbatidae, Oecophoridae and Depressariidae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea). Esperiana Memoir, 4: 7583, 260-261. MEY, W. 2003. Expedition zum Brandberg (Namibia) - auf der Suche nach der Jahrhundertentdeckung. Entomologische Zeitschrift 113(2): 39-46.

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LAUDIEN, J. 2002. Population dynamics and ecology of the surf clam Donax serra (Bivalvia, Donacidae) inhabiting beaches of the Benguela upwelling system. Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung, 432: i-v, 1-99. LAUDIEN, J., BREY, T., ARNTZ, W.E. 2001. Reproduction and recruitment patterns of the surf clam Donax serra (Bivalvia, Donacidae) on two Namibian sandy beaches. South African Journal of Marine Science, 23: 53-60. LAUDIEN, J., BREY, T., ARNTZ, W.E. 2003. Population structure, growth and production of the surf clam Donax serra (Bivalvia, Donacidae) on two Namibian sandy beaches. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 58 (Supplement): 105-115. LAUDIEN, J., FLINT, N.S., VAN DER BANK, F.H., BREY, T. 2003. Genetic and morphological variation in four populations of the surf clam Donax serra (Roeding) from southern African sandy beaches. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 31(7): 751772. LAUDIEN, J., SCHIEDEK, D., BREY, T., POERTNER, H.-O., ARNTZ, W.E. 2002. 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GENERAL ANNADALE, N. 1914. Spongillidae. Bietrage zur Kenntnis der Land- und Susswasser-fauna Deutsch Sudwestafrika, 2: 235-249. BALLY, R. 1983. Intertidial zonation on sandy beachches of the west coast of South Africa. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 24: 85103. DAVIS, B. R., DAVIS, T., FRAZER, CHUTTER, F. M. 1982. A Bibliography of African Inland Water Invertebrates (to 1980). S. Afr. Natn. Sci. Rep., 58: 1-418. [5 056 titles, this bibliography is neither indexed, nor annotated] DONN, T.E. Jr., CROCKROFT, A.C. 1989. Macrofaunal community structure and zonation of two sandy beaches on the central Namib coast, South West Africa/ Namibia. Madoqua, 16: 129-135. HEYWOOD, V.H., WATSON R.T. (eds) 1955. Global Diversity Assesment of South Africa. Cambridg, Cambridge Univ. Press. IVANOV, A.V. 1963. Pogonophora. London: Academic Press. KAESTNER, A. 1968. Lehrbuch der Speziellen Zoologie. Vol. 1-3. Jena, Gustav Fischer Verlag. KENSLEY, B., PENRITH, M.-L. 1980. The constitution of the intertidal fauna of rocky of South West Africa. Part III: The north coast from False Cape Frio to the Kunene River. Cimbebasia, A, 5: 201-214. MCLACHLAN, A. 1985. The ecology of two sandy beaches near Walvis Bay. Madoqua, 14: 155-163. MCLACHLAN, A., DE RUYCK, A. 1993. Survey of sandy beaches in Diamond Area. 1. Report to Consolidated Diamond Mines. Oranjemund. SEAMAN, M.T., SCOTT, W.T., WALMSLEY, R.D., VAN DER WAAL, B.C.W., TOERIEN, D.F., 1978. A limnological investigation of Lake Lyambezi, Caprivi. Journal of Limnological Society of South Africa, 4(2): 129-144. PENRITH, M.J., KENSLEY, B.F. 1970. The constitution of the intertidal fauna of rocky shores of South West Africa. 1. Luderitzbucht. Cimbebasia, A, 1: 191-239. TARR, J.G., GRIFFITHS, C.L., BALLY R. 1985. The ecology of three sandy beaches on the Skeleton Coast of South West Africa. Madoqua, 14: 295-304. WESENBERG-LUND, E. 1963. South African sipunculids and echiuroids from coastal waters. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forenings, 126: 101-146.

PORIFERA BURTON, M. 1963. A revision of the classification of the calcareous sponges. London: Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. PENNEY, J.T. 1960. Distribution and bibliography (1892-1957) of the freshwater sponges. Univ. S. Carol. Publ., 3: 1-97. PENNEY, J.T., RACEK, A.A. 1968. Comprehensive revision of a worldwide collection of freshwater sponges (Porifera: Spongillidae). Bull. U. S. natn. Mus., 272: 1-184. VASMAER, G.C.J. 1928. Bibliography of sponges 1551-1913. Cambridge: Univ. Press; 234 pp. WELTNER, W. 1895. Spongillidenstudien. III. Katalog und Verbreitung der bekannten Süsswasserschwamme. Arch. Naturgesch., 1: 114-144.

CNIDARIA ARNOLD, G. BOULENGER, C.L. 1915. On the fresh-water medusa from Limpopo river system. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1915: 71-76. BOSHOFF, P.H. 1981. List of southern African Scleractinia Bourne, 1900, Investigation Report of Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 49: 1-45. DUMONT, H.J. 1994. The distribution and ecology of the fresh- and brackish-water Medusae of the world. Hydrobiologia, 272: 1-12. EWER, R.F. 1948. A review of the Hydridae, and two new species from Natal. Proc. zool. Soc. London, 118: 226-244. JORDAAN, J. 1935. Limnocnida tanganjicae from the Chobe River. Scientific Results of the Verney-Lang Kalahari Expedition, March to September, 1930. Annales of the Transvaal Museum, 16: 493-494. KRAMP, P.L. 1961. Synopsis of the medusa of the world. Journal of the Marine Biological Association (U.K.), 40: 7-459. MAYER, A.G. 1910. The Medusae of the World. Vol.1-3. Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ., 109. MILLARD, N.A.H. 1975. Monograph of the Hydroida of Southern Africa. Annales of Southern African Museum, 68: 1-513. OLDEWAGE, W.H., SHARIF, A. 1991. First record of Limnocnida tanganjicae, a freshwater medusa from Caprivi, Namibia. Madoqua, 18(1): 41-47.

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WASH, C.E. 1967. An annotated bibliography of the families Zoanthidae, Epizoanthidae, and Parazoanthidae (Coelenterata, Zoantharia). Hawaii Inst. Marin boil. Techn. Rep., 13: 1-77.

HELMINTHES CRUZ, E., SILVA, J.A. 1971. Contribuicao para o estudo dos helmintes parasites dos vertebrados de Mocambique. Mems. Jta. Invest. Ultramar Ser. 2, 61, 479 pp. KHALIL, L.F. 1971. Checklist of helminth parasites of African freshwater fishes. Techn. Commun. Commonw. Inst. Helminth., 42: 1-80. McDONALD, M.E. 1969. Annotated bibliography of helminthes of waterfowl (Anatidae). Spec. sci. Rep. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., 125: 333 pp., 126: 692 pp. ROUND, M.C. 1968. Checklist of helminth parasites of African mammals. Techn. Commun. Commonw. Inst. Helminth., 30: 180. ROUND, M.C. 1986. Checklist of the helminth parasites of African mammals. Techn. Commun. Commonw. Inst. Helminth., 38: 1-80. YAMAGUTI, S. 1961. Systema Helminthum. Part 1 & 2. New York, Intersciences Publishers. YAMAGUTI, S. 1963. Systema Helminthum. New York, London, Interscience, 4, 699 pp. WALTON, A.C. 1964. Parasites of Amphibia. Wildl. Dis., 39/40, 160 pp. [microfiche, compelte host-parasite list, bibliography]. WALTON, A.C. 1966-67. Supplemental catalog of the parasites of Amphibia. Wildl. Dis., 48(1966): 55 pp., 50(1967), 38 pp.

PLATYHELMINTHES Parasites AZIMOV, D.A. 1975. [Schistosomatidae of animals and man]. Tashkent, Uzbek. Ac. Nauk; 152 pp. BAER, J.G. 1927. Monographie des cestodes de la famille des Anoplocephalidae. Bull. biol. Fr. Belg. Supp., 10, 241 pp. BAER, J.G. 1933. Note sur on nouveau Trematode Clinostomum lophophallum sp. nov. avec quelques considerations generales sur la famile des Clinostomatidae. Rev. Suisse Zool., 40: 317-342. [Contains keys to subfamilies, genera and species] BEVERIDGE, I. 1978. A taxonomic revision of the genera Cittotaenia Riehm, 1881, Ctenotaenia Railliet, 1893, Mosgovoyia Spasskii, 1951 and Pseudocittotaenia Tenora, 1976 (Cestoda, Anoplocephalidae). Mem. Mus. natn. Hist. nat. Paris (Ser. A Zool.), 107: 1-86. BONA, F.V. 1975. Etude critique et taxonomique des Dilepididae Fuhrm., 1907 (Cestoda) parasites des Ciconiiformes considerations sur la specificite et la speciation. Monitore zool. ital., 1: 1-750. BROOKS, D.R., OVERSTREET, R.M. 1978. The family Liolopidae (Digenea) including a new genus and two new species from crocodilians. Int. J. Parasit., 8: 267-273. BYCHOWSKY, B.E. 1957. [Monogenetic trematodes. Their systematic and phylogeny]. Moscow, Akademia Nauk, 509 pp. [Rus.] COMBES, C. et al. 1980. The world atlas of cercariae. Mem. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Ser. A Zool., 115: 1-235. DELLA-SANTA, E. 1956. Revision du genere Oochoristica Luhe (Cestodes). Rev. Suisse Zool., 58: 1-113. DUBOIS, G. 1968. Synopsis des Strigeidae et des Diplostomatidae (Trematoda). Mem. Soc. neuchat. Sci. nat., 10: 1-258. DUBOIS, G. 1972. Revision des Proterodiplostomidae (Trematoda: Strigeata). An. Inst. Biol. Univ. Nat. Auton. Mex. (Zool.), 41: 51-60. FAIN, A. 1953. Contribution a létude des forms lavaires des trematodes au Congo Belge et specialament de la larve de Schistosoma mansoni. Memoires de Institut Royal Colonial Belge (Sec. Sci. Nat. Med.), 22: 1-312. FARLEY, J. 1971. A review of the family Schistosomatidae excluding the genus Schistosoma from mammals. J. Helminthol., 45: 289-320. FRANDSEN, F., CHRISTENSEN, N.O. 1984. An introductory guide to the identification of cercariae from African freshwater snails with special reference to cercariae of trematode species of medical and veterinary importance. Acta Tropica, 41: 181-202. GIBSON, D.I., BRAY, R.A. 1979. The Hemiuroidea: terminology, systematics and evolution. Bull. Br. Mus. natn. Hist. (Zool.), 36(2): 35-146. HARGIS, W.J. et al. 1969-70. Bibliography of the monogenetic trematode literature of the world, 1759 to 1969. Spec. Sci. Rep. Virginia Inst. mar. Sci., 55 (1969), 195pp.; Suppl. 55 (1970): 1-13. HUGHES, R.C. 1941. A key to the species of tapeworms in Hymenolepis. Trans. Amer. microsc. Soc., 60: 378-414. KORPACZEWSKA, W., SULGOSTOWSKA, T. 1974. Revision of the genus Tatria Kow, 1904 (Cestoda, Amabilidae) including description of Tatria iunii sp. n. Acta parasit. pol., 22: 67-91. MACKIEWICZ, J.S. 1972. Caryophyllidea (Cestoidea): a review. Expl. Parasit., 31: 417-512. NASMARK, K.E. 1937. A revision of the trematode family Paramphistomidae. Zool. Bidr. Upps., 16: 301-566. [Key to genera] LOPEZ-NEYRA, C.R. 1953. Consideraciones sobre Acoleidae, Amabiliidae y Nematoparataeniidae. Rev. iber. Parasit., 13: 119184.

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NEMATHELMINTHES Parasites KEETCH, D.P., BUCKLEY, N.H. 1984. A check-list of plant-parasitic nematodes of southern Africa. Techn. Comm. Dept. Agric. S. A., 195. KEETCH, D.P., HEYNS, J. 1982 (eds). Nematology in southern Africa. Science Bull. Dept. Agric & Fisheries S. A.; 400 pp. OGAMBO-ONGOMA, A.H., CANARIS, A.G. 1967. A guide to helminth species described from African vertebrates. Morgantown, West Virginia Univ. Library; 207 pp. Free-living ANDRASSY, I. 1970. Nematodes from some river systems in South Africa. Opuscula zool.,10: 179-219. ANDRASSY, I. 1976. Evolution as a basis for the systematization of nematodes. London, Pitman Publ.; 288 pp. [Key to orders, families and subfamilies of the world] BAYLIS, H.A., DAUBNEY, R. 1926. A synopsis of the families and genera of Nemetoda. London: Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.); 274 pp.

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POLYCHAETA DAY, J.H. 1967. A monograph of the Polychaeta of Southern Africa. London: British Museum (Natural History).

HIRUDINEA MOORE, J.P. 1939. Additions to our knowledge of African leeches (Hirudinea). Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., 90: 297-360.

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FREEMAN, P. 1955-58. A study of African Chironomidae. Partim: Bull. Brit. Mus.(Nat. Hist.) Entomol., 4: 1-67, 5: 321-426, 6: 261-363. FITTKAU, E.F., REIS, F., HOFFRICHTER, O. 1976. A bibliography of the Chironomidae. K. norske Vidensk. Slesk Mus. Gunneria, 26: 1-177. HARRISON, A.D. 1970. The Tanypodinae (Chironomidae) of Africa south of Sahara. Key to known genera and some species. Newsl. limnol. Soc. S. Afr., 15: 62-73. Chloropidae ANDERSSON, H. 1977. Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies on Chloropidae (Diptera), with special reference to Old World genera. Entomol. scand. Suppl., 8: 1-200. BECKER, T. 1910. Chloropidae. Eine monographische Studie. Arch. zool. Budapest, 1: 23-174. Key to species of the world. SABROSKY, C.W. 1951. Chloropidae. Ruwenzori Exped. 1934-35, 2: 711-828. [Key to genera and some species of Afrotropical region] SABROSKY, C.W. 1959. Diptera (Brachycera): Chloropidae. S. Afr. Anim. Life, 6: 13-424. Conopidae KROEBNER, O. 1931. The Conopidae of South Africa. Ann. Transvaal Mus., 14: 49-102. [Key to Afr. species] SMITH, K.G. 1967. The biology and taxonomy of the genus Stylogaster Macquart, 1835 (Diptera: Conopidae, Stylogasterinae) in the Ethiopian and Malagasy regions. Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond., 119: 47-69. Cryptochetidae VAN BRUGGEN, A.C. 1960. A new subgenus and four new species of Cryptochaetum Rondani (Diptera: Cryptochaetidae) from South Africa. J. ent. Soc. sth. Afr., 23: 286-295. Culicidae EDWARDS, F.W. 1932. Diptera. Fam. Culicidae. Genera Insect., 194: 1-258. [Key to genera of the world (adults, pupae, larvae)] GILLET, J.D. 1972. Common African mosquitos and their medical importance. London, Heinemann Medical Books. GILLIES M.T., DE MEILLON, B.D. 1968. The Anophelinae of Africa south of the Sahara (Ethiopian Zoogeograhical Region). Publ. S. Afr. Inst. Med. Res., 54: 1-434. KNIGHT, K.L., STONE, A. 1977. A catalog of the mosquitoes of the world. Baltimore: Entomol. Soc. Am.; 611 pp. Suppl. 1978; 107 pp. MATTINGLY, P.F. 1971. Illustrated key to genera of mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae). Contr. Am. ent. Inst., 7: 1-84. MUSPRATT, J. 1959. Diptera (Nematocera): Culicidae. S. Afr. Anim. Life, 6: 315-324. Diopsidae FEIJEN, H.R. 1981. A review of Diopsina Curran, 1928 (Diptera: Diopsidae), with a note on Cyrtodiopsis. Ann. Natal Mus., 24: 465-482 . SHILLITO, J.F. 1971. The genera of Diopsidae (Insects: Diptera). Zool. J. Linnean Soc., 50: 287-295. STEYSKAL, G.C. 1972. A catalogue of species and key to the genera of the family Diopsidae (Diptera: Acalyptratae). Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturkd, 234: 1-20. VAN BRUGGEN, A.C. 1961. Diptera (Brachycera): Diopsidae. A partial revision of the Diopsidae or stal-eyed flies of southern Africa. S. Afr. Anim. Life, 8: 415-439. [Key to southern African genera and list of all species (28)] Dixidae EDWARDS, F.W. 1932. Diptera. Fam. Culicidae. Genera Insect., 194: 1-258. FREEMAN, P. 1956. A revision of species of dixa (Diptera, Culicidae) from Africa south of Sahara. Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond., (B), 25: 163-170. Dolichopodidae PARENT, O. 1929. Les Dolichopodides de la region Ethiopienne. Bull. Soc. ent. Egypte, 13: 151-190. VANSCHUYTBROECK, P. 1951. Dolichopodidae (Diptera Brachycera Orthorrhapha). Explor. Parc natn. Albert Miss. G. F. de Witte, 74: 1-153. [Key to Afrotropical genera] VANSCHUYTBROECK, P. 1960. Diptera (Brachycera, Orthorrapha): Dolichopodidae. S. Afr. Anim. Life, 7: 316-324. Doriladidae HARDY, D.E. 1959. Diptera (Brachycera): Dorilaidae-Pipunculidae. S. Afr. Anim. Life, 6: 390-412. Drosophilidae DUDA, O. 1924-40. [Numerous papers on world Drosophilidae] TSACAS, L. 1990. Drosophilidae de l’Afrique Australe (Diptera). Ann. Natal Mus., 31: 103-161. [Key to African genera, monograph] Dryomyzidae STEYSKAL, G.C. 1957. A revision of the family Dryomyzidae (Diptera, Acalyptratae). Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci., 42: 55-68. Empididae MELANDER, A.L. 1928. Empididae. Genera Insect., 128: 1-434. SMITH, K.G.V. 1967. Diptera (Brachycera): Empididae. S. Afr. Anim. Life, 13: 217-233. SMITH, K.G.V. 1969. The Empididae of southern Africa (Diptera). Ann. Natal Mus., 19: 1-347. [Key to southern African species, monograph]

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SINCLAIR, B.J. 1996. Review of the genus Acarterus Loew from southern Africa, with description of seven new species (Diptera: Empidoidea, Hybotinae). Ann. Natal Mus., 37: 215-238. Fanniidae VAN EMDEN, F.I. 1941. Keys to the Muscidae of the Ethiopian Region: Scatophaginae, Anthomyiinae, Lispinae, Fanniinae. Bull. ent. Res., 32(2): 251-275. [Key to Afrotropical genera and species] Gastrophilidae ZUMPT, F. 1965. Myiasis in man and animals in the World. A textbook for physicians, veterinarians and zoologists. London, Butterworths. Glossinidae BUXTON, P.A. 1955. The Natural History of Tsetse Flies. An account of the biology of the genus Glossinia (Diptera). London, Lewis; 816 pp. Heleomyzidae CZERNY, L. 1924. Monographie der Helomyziden (Dipteren). Abh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 15: 1-166. COGAN, B.H. 1971. The Heleomyzidae of the Ethiopian region (Diptera). Ann. Natal Mus., 20: 627-696. [Key to African species] Hilarimorphidae WEBB, D.W. 1974. A revision of the genus Hilarimorpha (Diptera: Hilarimorphidae). J. Kans. ent. Soc., 47: 172-222. Hippoboscidae BAQUAERT, J. 1942. A monograph of Melophaginae, or kedflies, of sheep, goats, deer and antelopes (Diptera, Hippoboscidae). Entomol. Americ., 22: 1-220. MAA, T.C. 1963. Genera and species of Hippoboscidae (Diptera). Types, synomymy, habits and natural groupings. Pacific Insect Monogr., 6: 1-186. MAA, T.C. 1964. On the genus Lychia from Africa (Diptera: Hippoboscidae). J. med. Ent., 1: 87-103. MAA, T.C. 1969. A revised check list and concise host index of Hippoboscidae (Diptera). Pacif. Insects Monogr., 20: 261-299. MAA, T.C. 1964-69. Synopsis of Hippoboscidae. Partim: J. medic. Entomol., 1: 197-205, 2: 233-248, 5: 238-251, Pacific Insect Monograph, 10: 10-124, 125-138, 20: 1-23, 25-203. ZUMPT, F. (ed.) 1966. The arthropod parasites of vertebrates in Africa south of Sahara (Ethiopian region), III. (Insecta excl. Phthiraptera). Johannesburg, S. Afr. Int. Medic. Res. Lonchaeidae MCALPINE, J.F. 1960. Diptera (Brachycera): Lonchaeidae. S. Afr. Animal Life, 7: 327-376. Lonchopteridae STUCKENBERG, B.R. 1963. The genus Lonchoptera Meigen in southern Africa. J. ent. Soc. sth. Afr., 26: 128-143. [Key to species of the sole genus]. Luxaniidae STUCKENBERG, B.R. 1971. A review of the Old World genera of Luxaniidae (Diptera). Ann. Natal Mus., 20: 499-610. VERBEKE, J. 1951. Taenapterinae (Diptera Cyclorrhapha) Fam. Micropezidae. Explor. Parc natn. Albert Miss. G. F. de Witte, 72: 1-106. Mycetophilidae JOHANNSEN, O.A. 1909. Diptera family Mycetophilidae. Genera Insect., 93: 1-141. MATILE, L. 1973. Note sur les Macrocerini (sta. nov.) et description d’un genre et de sept especes de la region ethiopienne (Diptera, Mycetophilidae). Bull. Inst. fond. Afr. noire A, 34(3): 593-610. Mydadidae HESSE, A.J. 1969. The Mydaidae (Diptera) of southern Africa. Ann. S. Afr. Mus., 54: 1-388. [Key to South African species] Muscidae DEEMING, J.C. 1971. Some species of Atherigona Rondani (Diptera, Muscidae) from Northern Nigeria, with special reference to those injurious to cereal crops. Bull. ent. Res., 61: 133-190. [Key to Afrotropical species] PATERSON, H.E. 1960. Diptera (Brachycera, Muscidae). S. Afr. Anim. Life, 7: 397 -401. SEGUY, E. 1937. Diptera. Fam. Muscidae. Genera Insect., 205: 1-604. [Key to genera of the world] VAN EMDEN, F.I. 1940-60. Keys to the Muscidae of the Ethiopian region. Partim: Bull. entomol. Res., 32: 251-275, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., 11: 73-101, Proc. zool. Soc. London, 114: 389-436, 116: 627-674, 134: 313-487. VAN EMDEN, F.I. 1941. Keys to the Muscidae of the Ethiopian Region: Scatophaginae, Anthomyiinae, Lispinae, Fanniinae. Bull. ent. Res., 32(2): 251-275. [Key to Afrotropical genera and species] VOCKEROTH, J.R. 1958. Diptera (Muscidae): Scatomyzinae. S. Afr. Anim. Life, 5: 517-520. ZIELKE, E. 1971. Revision der Muscinae der athiopischen Region. Series Entomologica, 7: 1-199. ZUMPT., F. 1973. The Stomoxyine biting flies of the world. Diptera: Muscidae. Taxonomy, biology, economic importance and control measures. Stuttgart, Fischer; 175 pp. Nycteribiidae THEODOR, O. 1957. The Nycteribiidae of the Ethiopian region and Madagascar. Parasitology, 47: 457-543. THEODOR, O. 1959. A revision of the genus Cyclopodia (Nycteribiidae, Diptera). Parasitology, 49: 242-308.

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THEODOR, O. 1967. An illustrated catalogue of the Rotschild collection of Nycteribiidae (Diptera) in the British Museum (Natural History), with keys and short description for the identification of subfamilies, genera, species and subspecies. London, Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.). THEODOR, O. 1968. New species and new records of Nycteribiidae from the Ethiopian, Oriental and Pacific regions. Parasitology, 58: 247-276. THEODOR, O. 1973. New species and new records of Diptera Pupipara. II. Species from Asia and Africa. J. medic. Entomol., 10: 556-569. Oestridae PAPAVERO, N. 1977. The Old World Oestridae (Diptera), mammals and continental drift. Ser. Ent., 14: 1-240. ZUMPT, F. 1965. Myiasis in man and animals in the Old World. London, Butterworths; 267 pp. Otitidae HENDEL, F. 1909. Ubersicht der bisher bekannten Arten der Pterocallinen (Dipt.). Dt. ent. Z., 1909: 1-84. STEYSKAL, G.C. 1960. Diptera (Brachycera): Otitidae. S. Afr. Anim. Life, 7: 309-315. Phoridae BEYER, E.M. 1959. Diptera (Brachycera): Phoridae. S. Afr. Anim. Life, 6: 376-389. BEYER, E.M. 1965. Phoridae. Explor. Parc natn. Albert Miss. G. F. de Witte, 99: 1-211. [Key to African genera] BORGMEIER, T. 1968-71. A catalogue of the Phoridae of the world (Diptera). Studia ent., 11: 1-367. Suppl., Studia ent., 15: 177-224. [Catalogue, bibliography] Pipunculidae ACZEL, M. 1948. Grundlagen einer Monographie der Dorilaiden (Diptera). Dorilaiden-Studien. VI. Acta zool. lilloana, 6: 1-168. [Key to genera] HARDY, D.E. 1949. The African Dorilaidae (Pipunculidae-Diptera). Mem. Inst. Royal Sci. Nat. Belg., 36: 1-80. HARDY, D.E. 1950. A monographic study of the African Bibionidae (Diptera). Part I: Introduction and genus Bibio Geoffroy. J. Kansas entomol. Sco., 23: 137-153. HARDY, D.E. 1951. A monographic study of the African Bibionidae (Diptera). Part II: Genus Philia Meigen. J. Kansas entomol. Sco., 24: 74-94. Platypezidae KESSEL, E.L., CLOPTON, J.R. 1970. The Platypezidae of the Ethiopian zoogeographic region, with description of new species and new genus (Diptera). Wasmann J. Biol., 28: 47-167. Psammocharidae ARNOLD, D.G. 1935. The Psammocharidae of the Ethiopian region. Ann. Transvaal Mus., 18: 73-123. [Key to African species] Psilidae VERBEKE, J. 1952. Psilidae (Diptera Cyclorrhapha). Explor. Parc natn. Albert Miss. G.F. de Witte, 78: 1-64. Psychodidae ABONNENC, E. 1972. Les Phlebotomes de la region ethiopienne (Diptera, Psychodidae). Memoirs Office de la Recherche Scient. et Techn., 55: 1-239. SATCHELL, G.H. 1956. Diptera: Psychodinae. S. Afr. Anim. Life, 3: 399-403. Ptychopteridae ALEXANDER, C.P. 1964. Diptera (Nematocera): Tanyderidae, Ptychopteridae, Tipulidae. S. Afr. Animal life, 10: 229-441. [Key to southern African species, catalogue] Rhagionidae STUCKENBERG, B. 1960. Diptera (Brachycera): Rhagionidae. S. Afr. Animal Life, 7: 216-308. Rhinophoridae CROSSKEY, R.W. 1977. A review of the Rhinophoridae (Diptera) and a revision of the Afrotropical species. Bull. Brit. Mus. nat. Hist. (Entomol.), 36: 1-66. [Key to African species] NAGATOMI, A., NAGATOMI, H. 1990. A revision of Atherimorpha White, 1915 from southern Africa (Diptera: Rhagionidae). Ann. Natal Mus., 31: 33-82. Sapromyzidae MELANDER, A.L. 1913. A synopsis of the Sapromyzidae. Psyche, 20: 57-82. [Key to species] Sarcophagidae ZUMPT, F. 1951. New Sarcophaga species from the Ethiopian Region (Diptera: Calliphoridae). J. ent. Soc. S. Afr., 14: 171-199. Scatopsidae COOK, E.F. 1965. Diptera (Nematocera) Scatopsidae. S. Afr. Animal Life, 11: 469-481. HUTSON, A.M. 1977. A revision of the families Synauridae and Canthyloscelidae. Bull. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Ent.), 35(3): 6799. Scenopinidae KELSEY, L.P. 1969. A revision of the Scenopinidae (Diptera) of the World. Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 277: 1-336. [Key to genera and species]. KELSEY, L.P. 1971. A review of the Scenopinidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the equator and neighbouring islands with descriptions of new species. Ann. Natal Mus., 21: 135-181.

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Lycanidae CLARK, G.C., DICKSON, C.G.C. 1971. Life histories of the South African lycaenid butterflies. Cape Town: Purnell. COTTRELL, C.B. 1965. A study of the genus Methymna-group of the genus Lepidochrysops Hedicke (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Mem. ent. Soc. S. Afr., 9: 1-110. ELIOT, J.N. 1973. The higher classification of the Lycaenidae (Lep.): a tentative arrangement. Bull. Bit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol., 28: 375-505. MURRAY, D.P. 1956. The species of Lepidochrysops, Euchrysops and Cupidopsis of southern Africa. The genitalia (Lepidoptera - Lycaenidae). Ann. S. Afr. Mus., 43: 109-121. Lymantriidae COLLENETTE C. L. 1955. A key to the African genera of the Lymantriidae (Lep.). Trans. roy. entomol. Soc., 107: 187-197. Noctuidae POOLE, R.W. 1989. Noctuidae (Lepidopterorum Catalogus). New Ser., 118. Nymphalidae HENNING, S.F. 1988. The Charaxinae Butterflies of Africa; 457 pp. Pyralidae BALINSKY, B.I. 1989. The Ancylosis (Heterographis/ Staudingeria group) of Phyticinae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Southern Africa. Ann. Transvaal Mus., 35: 75-107. Saturnidae PINHEY, E.C.G. 1972. Emperor moths of South and South Central Africa. Cape Town, Stuik. Sphingidae CARCASSON, R.H. 1967. Revised catalogue of the African Sphingidae (Lepidoptera) with description of the east African species.J. E. Afr. Nat. Hist. Soc. Nat. Mus., 26: 1-148. D’ABRERA, B. 1986. Sphingidae Mundi: Hawk Moths of the World; 226 pp. PINHEY, E.C.G. 1960. Hawk moths of central and southern Africa. Cape Town, Longmans. Thyrdidae WHALLEY, P.E.S. 1971. The Thyrdidae (Lepidoptera) of Africa and its islands, a taxonomic and zoogeographical study. Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol., 17: 1-198.

MYRIAPODA LAWRENCE, R.F. 1938. Transvaal Museum expedition to south-west Africa and Little Namaqualand, May to August, 1937. Myriapoda. Ann. Transvaal Mus., 19: 227-230. LAWRENCE, R.F. 1984. The Centipedes & Millipedes. A Guide of Southern Africa. Cape Town& Rotterdam, A. A. Balkema. SCHUBART, O. 1956-66. [Myriapoda of southern Africa]. Partim in S. Afr. Anim. Life, 3: 12-86 (1956), 5: 41-108 (1958), 12: 9227 (1966). CHILOPODA CHAMBERLIN, R.V. 1951. On Chilopoda collected in north-east Angola by Dr. A. de Barros Machado. Publ. cult. Co. Diam. Angola, 10: 95-111. GROBBELAAR, C.S. 1921. The Scolopendridae of South Africa. Ann. Transvaal Mus., 7: 245-261. LAWRENCE, R.F. 1936. Scientific results of the Verneylang Kalahari Expedition, March to September, 1930. Chilopoda. Ann. Transvaal Mus., 17: 159-160. LAWRENCE, R.F. 1955. Chilopoda. S. Afr. Anim. Life, 2: 4-56. [A checklist of southern African Chilopoda with key to species, bibliography] MACHADO, A. 1951. Novos dados sobre os Quilopodes de Angola (Colheitas de A. de Barros Machado, 1949). Publ. cult. Co. Diam. Angola, 11: 51-72. DIPLOPODA BROLEMANN, H.-W. 1920. Diplopoda un voyage de Ch. Alluaud et R. Jeannel en Afrique orientale (1911-1912). Resultats scientifique. Myriapoda. III. Paris: Lhomme; p. 49-298. CHAMBERLIN, R.V. 1951. On Diplopoda of north-east Angola. Publ. cult. Co. Diam. Angola, 10: 65-93. HOFFMAN, R.L. 1967. A second contribution to the knowledge of east African orodesmid millipeds (Polydesmida: Oxydesmidae). Rev. Zool. Bot. afr., 75: 95-129. HOFFMAN, R.L. 1974. Short studies on delodesmid millipedes from South Africa and Madagascar (Diplopoda: Polydesmida). Wasmann J. Biol., 32: 221-246.

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HOFFMAN, R.L. 1976. A fourth contribution to the knowledge of oxydesmid Diplopoda (Myriapoda). Rev. Zool. afr., 90: 944970. KRAUS, O. 1958. Diplopoden aus Angola. Publ. cult. Co. Diam. Angola, 38: 47-84. KRAUS, O. 1960. Athiopische Diplopoden 1. Monographie der Odontopygidae: Odontopyginae (Diplopoda, Spirostreptidea). Ann. Mus. r. Congo Belge, 82: 1-207. LAWRENCE, R.F. 1973. A revision of the Trachystreptinae (Diplopoda) of southern Africa. Arnoldia (Rhodesia), 6(4): 1-6. SCHUBART, O. 1958. Diplopoda II: Oniscomorpha. S. Afr. Anim. Life, 5: 41-108. SCHUBART, O. 1956-1966. Diplopoda. Partim: S. Afr. Anim. Life, 3: 12-86 (1956), 5: 41-108 (1958), 12: 9-227 (1966). [Key to the genera of South Africa, monograph] SCHUBART, O. 1966. Diplopoda III: Pselaphognatha, Opisthospermophora, Colobognatha. Zugleich: Addenda und allgemeine Bemerkungen. S. Afr. Anim. Life, 12: 9-227. SYMPHYLA EDWARDS, C.A. 1959. Key to the genera of Symphyla. J. Linn. Soc. (Zool.), 44: 164-169. HINSCHBERGER, A. 1954. Symphyles d’Afrique tropicale. Publ. cult. Co. Diam. Angola, 23: 13-24. JUBERTHIE-JAPEAU, L. 1958. Contibution a l’etude des symphyles de l’Angola et du Congo Belge. Publ. cult. Co. Diam. Angola, 38: 93-98. PAUROPODA BEGNALL, R.S. 1935. An extended classification of the Pauropoda to include two new families. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. Ser., 10, 16: 619-629. HANSEN, H.J. 1903. The genera and species of the order Symphyla. Quart. J. micr. Sc., 47: 1-101. REMY, P.A. 1955. Pauropodes de l’Angola. Publ. cult. Co. Diam. Angola, 9: 117-134.

CHELICERATA LAWRENCE, R.F. 1928. Contribution to a knowledge of the fauna of South West Africa. VII: Arachnida. Annales of South African Museum, 25: 1-75. LAWRENCE, R.F. 1969. Additions to the fauna of South West Africa: solifuges, scorpions and pedipalpi. Scientific Papers of the Namib Desert Research Station, 34: 1-19. PYCNOGONIDA BARNARD, K.H. 1954. South African Pycnogonida. Annales of South African Museum, 41: 81-159. AMBLYPYGI LAWRENCE, R.F. 1969. A collection of African Amblypygi with keys to subfamilies, genera and species of the Ethiopian fauna. Rev. Zool. bot. afr., 80: 80-87. PEDIPALPI LAWRENCE, R.F. 1949. Notes on the whip-scorpions (Pedipalipi) of South Africa. Trans. r. Soc. S. Afr., 32: 1-11. LAWRENCE, R.F. 1955. Solifugae, Scorpiones and Pedipalpi. S. Afr. Anim. Life, 1: 152-262. OPILIONES KAURI, H. 1961. Opiliones. S. Afr. Anim. Life, 8: 9-197. [Key to strn Afr. Species] LAWRENCE, R.F. 1931. The harvest-spiders (Opiliones) of South Africa. Ann. S. Afr. Mus., 29: 342-508. ROEWER, C.F. 1923. Die Weberknechte der Erde. Jena, Gustav Fischer; 1116 pp. ROEWER, C.F. 1927-40. [Additions to Roewer 1923]. STAREGA, W. 1984. Revision der Phalangiidae (Opiliones), III. Die afrikanischen Gattungen der Phalangiinae, nebst Katalog aller afrikanischen Arten der Familie. Ann. Zool., 38: 1-79. PSEUDOSCORPIONIDEA BEIER, M. 1955. Pseudoscorpionidea. S. Afr. Anim. Life, 1: 263-328. [Key to South African species; 109 species; in German]

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