Apr 15, 1994 - GATT committments do not exist, is to offer market access only on the ...... Jul, 1-15; 7-8. Describes that village people do not know what the.
GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE (GATT) AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO INDIA A SELECT ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF
tUnittt of Hibrarp & information ^tiente 1993-94
BY
NABI HASAN RollNo. 93LSM-03 Enrolment No. V-0145
UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF
PROF. MONO. SABIR HUSSAIN Chairman
DEPARTMENT OF LIBRARY & INFORMATION SCIENCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (INDIA)
1994
DS2711
C O N T E N T S
I - II
Acknowledgements
III - VIII
Aim, Scope and Methodology DESCRIPTIVE
PART 1-59
Introduction to Subject
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL
PART
60 - 149
Bibliography with annotations
ALPHABETICAL
INDEX
PART
Author Index
150
155
Title Index
156
162
Subject Index
163
166
APPENDICES Appendix Appendix Appendix Appendix Appendix
I : Alphabatical list of periodicals 157 II : List of books and composite books 159 III : Name of months UQ IV : List of Directors-General ql GATT 171 V : Uruguay round chronology. ;j^72
168
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First of all let me remember bestowed
upon me the capability I
gratitude
sincereVy
to
wish
my teacher
to achieve
Center,
of
Aligarh
and s u p e r v i s o r
supervision
lASLIC and
Muslim
discussion
my
has improved
work
University,
and guidance
been d i f f i c u l t
to a c c o m p l i s h .
I Almuzaffar Zamarrud
sincerely A.
sense
Mohd.
Aligarh
of
Sabir
Science,
Carrier
-planning
under
whose
o u t . T h i s , through his
of my
work.
this f o r m i d a b l e
wish
deep
c o m m e n t s at every stage
the quality
encouragement
Who
target.
Prof.
Director,
and critical
GOD
and Information
this work has been carried
provoking
this
to express my
H u s s a i n , Chairman D e p t t . of Library Vice-president
the Almighty
to
G. Khan, M r . Shabahat
Without
his
would
have
task
express
thanks
Hussain,
of
to
Mr.S.
Mr. Hasan
and M r . S. Mustafa K. Q. Zai di, (Readers in the D e p t t .
of Library generous
and Information help
and
S c i e n c e , A . M . U . Aligarh
cooperation
in all
respect
for
their
whenever
I
from where
I
needed . I collected Foreign
am also thankful
material Trade
specially
to the following
M r s . Usha S a c h d e v a ,
L i b r a r y , Indian
Institute
of
Librarian,
Foreign
Trade
(IIFT) , New Delhi . I collected IIFT,
New
Delhi,
Library,
D e l h i , Central
Ratan
University
material
of Sapru
Tata
Reference
Library,
Delhi, House,
from Foreign
Delhi
S*?)'©! f& rj New
Library, School
Council
Delhi,
Trade Library of University of of
National
of
Economics,
World
Affairs
Institute
of
n ftpplied Economic Research (NCAER), New Delhi and Maulana Azad Library, A.M.U. Aligarh. I
would
like t o e x p r e s s my
grafefulness
to
my
Parents, uncle Mr. Ziaul-Nabi, grand father, brothers, sister and Miss
Shabnam
(B.Sc. Final
year).
My thanks are due to my friends
Rahiinuddin Ahmad,
Mohd. pervez Alam, Shuaib Ahmad Khan, Rashid Ahmad Najfi Mohd.
Mahmood Alam for their valuable cooperation,
and
profound
thanks are also due to my all class mates, room partners
and
wel1 wi shers . I
am
also
thankful
to
Mr.
Khalid
Siddiqui,
(Software Designer T.D.I.L. Project, DoE Govt, of India). I the
seminar
would also like to express my incharge Mr. S. Riaz Abbas and
gr atefulness Mr.
Moin.
to A.
Zaidi for providing me necessary help. In also
due
to
the last but not least my warmest
bring
are
M.C.A,
Mr.
Hasan Ansari and Mr. Abu Danish
for
my friends and professionals
Qalbay Hasan, Mr. Najmul motivating
thanks
of
me to use computer facilities and helping
out Computerized Bibliography using Word Star
me
package
Release 4.0.
ALI6ARH 3-10-1994
to
( NA6I HASAN )
AIM, SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY
Q l - A I H . ..AND.SCOPE The present study displays in the forin of an
annotated
significant on
Tariffs
bibliography literature
and
resembles
dealing
Trade
together
with
(GATT) and
all
General
relation
the
Agreement
of
GATT
with
developing countries with special
emphasis on India. Although
the
in
bibliography
attempt
is
selective
nature
has also been made
but
exhaustive
to cover all
important
aspects of GATT. I will
be
commerce
useful
to
am
confident that
all those who
have
the
bibliography
some
, trade , economics and specially
interest
in the
field
in of
GATT . This
study
includes
228
selected
annotated bibliography of articles on topic.
02. METHODOLOGY In
order to complete this task
sources
as well as other materials on GATT,
various
periodicals,
composite books and
primary
available few
from
available in the various libraries of Delhi and AMU,
from books,
Aligarh
is used . I Foreign
Trade
collected maximum material
Library of the Indian
Institute
Trade (IIFT), New Delhi. Remaining material the
%artciic( /^ Council
New
Delhi, Central
from of
the
Foreign
is collected from
of World Affairs Library, Sapru
Reference Library, University
of
House, Delhi,
TIZ
Delhi,
Ratan
University Economic
Tata
New
Research
of
Delhi,
(NCAER), Ring road, New
Applied
Delhi,
American
, New Delhi, Institute of Economic Growth, New
British Council Library, New Delhi
Zafar and
marg. Maulana
, AMU, Aligarh. Out
field
Economics,
Council of
Library of Indian Express, Bahadur Shah
Azad Library
the
School
of Delhi, Library Of National
Centre Library Delhi,
Library of Delhi
of number of
periodicals
GATT, only important are
of
covering
selected
for
this
purpose.
021. STANDARD
FOLLOWED The Indian Standard
bibliographical catalogue
references
recommendations
(IS : 2381-1963)
for
and
classified
code (C.C.C. 5th edition) of Dr. S. R.
Rangnathan
have been followed. In certain cases, where the said standard become unhelpful
I have preferred my own judgement.
022,SUBJECTHEADING Attempt
has
coextensive
subject
alphabetically
letter by letter.
013,
headings
been
made
which
to
are
give arranged
AMAN6EMENT The
grouped
and
alphabetically
arranged
strictly
in this under
bibliography subject
are
headings
letter by letter. The
capital
entries
entry
element
of
author
followed buy secondary element in parenthesis
i-s
in using
IT capital
and small
letters and then the title of the
subtitle
if any then name of the periodical
form
the basis of C.C.C. being
on
volume
in
underlined
abbreviated followed
by
number, issue number,the year, month, date, pages
by
using inclusive notation in the case of periodicals by
an
article,
indicative abstract. For composite
books
followed and
books
rules of Indian standard and C.C.C. are followed. Entries
of periodicals are
arranged
as
fol1ows :1.
Serial number followed by dot
2.
Name of author/authors
3.
A ful1 stop
4.
Title
of contribution of article including subtitle
alternative titles (if any) 5.
A ful1 stop
6.
Title of the periodical
7.
A ful1 stop
8.
Volume number
9.
A comma
in italics
(,)
10. Issue number 11. Semi col on
(;)
12. Year 13. A comma 14. Month 15. A comma 16. Date (if given) 17. Semicolon
(;)
18. Pages in inclusive notation
and
m 19. A full stop 0231. SAMPLE ENTRY 013. DASGUPTA
(Rajaram). Subsidies, patents and market access
in Dunkel draft. Econ
Pol
U. 28, 18; 1993, May, 1; 855-58.
LxplanjiAlon This article is taken from economic political
weekly
which is titled -"Subsidies,
market access in Dunkel
patents
and and
draft ", written by Rajaram Das Gupta
in the 28th volume of the issue number 18 of the year 1993 on the pages 855 to 858, against this entry the serial number is gi ven.
024,
ABSIRMI The entries in the bibliography
abstract giving the essential documented.
I
have
in formation about the
contain article
given indicative abstract* • After searching the literature
entries
were recorded on 7"X5" cards. However and
composite
information based
i'n the bibliography a few
books are also included which differ
than that of the articles. Entries are
on Indian Standard for bibliographical
in
1. Serial
references
given for book
number
2. Name of author 3. Title of the book with subtitle
(if any)
the
strictly
classified catalogue code.
Fql 1 gwing ijtejs of Infpriatjqjn 3^
book^
and
^ar 4. Volume number in case of multivolumed
book
5. Year 6. Publi cati on 7. Place 8. Pages' in inclusive notation 9. Price
SAMPLEENTRY 083.
CHOWDHRY
Implication
(N K) and AGGARWAL
for
India
(J C ) . Dunkel
and the third
world.
proposals 1993.
:
Shipra
publications, Delhi, P 92. Re 400.
C_0MP0S1IE. BOOK The entries for composite books are also based on Indian standard and C.C.C. The
following
items of information
are
given under each entry :1. Serial
Number
2. Name of author
(S)
3. Title of contribution 4. Connecting word, such as "In" in Italics and the following items of information of the host document :i) Name of the author / editor ii) Title iii) Year of publication iv) Place of publication v) Publisher's name vi) Place of publication
mi vii) Pages in inclusive notation SAMPLE ENTRY 172.
ROBERT ( J ) . Rights of developing countries
from
GATT
JACKSON
obligations : Analysis of the
(John
H ) , Ed,
GATT
World Trade and law
of
to
deviate
clauses. GATT;
In
1969.
Bobbsmerill company, Indianapolis; P 649-60. INDICES: The bibliography indexes
contains
last author,
part
(part
iii)
of
title
and
subject
in alphabetical sequence. Each index guides
the
heading to
the
specific entry or entries in the bibliography. APPEMICES. : This part contains five appendices : i)
List of journals abstracted with abbreviated
form,
full
form, periodicity and place of publication. li)
List
of
books
and composite
books
included
in
the
bi bli ography. iii) List of months with abbreviated and full form. iv) Chronological list of Directocf-General-, of GATT since its inception. v) List of Uruguay round chronology.
INTRODUCTION TO SUBJECT
GATT: GATT
isthe
short form of
6»eneral
Agreement
on
Tariffs and frade. GATT is an international forum established in
-1948. It was one of the three institutions setup
post
war
era with the noble intention to
equality was
work
in
for
peace,
and progress in the world at large. The world
to
contribute
international
in the reduction in
the
stability
distribution of wealth. Likewise, the
that
was essential for growth
and
trade and to prevent the kind of
prevalent
in
aim
of
monetry
prosperty.
similar mechanism was required to oversee the smooth world
bank
inequality
the Internatioanl Monetry Fund ( IMF ) was to ensure
of
the
trade
A
conduct conflicts
in the prewar years. GATT therefore setup to
meet
this need. Actually,
GATT is an internationaal
organisition
currently with 125 member countries. The main purpose of GATT is
to
promote
remove trade barriers
among member countries
world trade. It is a plat form for
disputed between
member countries.
and
resolving
Patenting
law
to
trade
features
prominently in GATT. Belief in the free flow of trade as the best route to
prosperity
•1930s, trade
and
was already gaining ground
nation^like the US had
agreement
multilateral
with
insDfotion
several to
since
entered
countries.
oversee a
world
the
early
into bilateral The
idea
trade
of was
a an
extension
of this practice. When the general
agreement
was
signed in 1947, it was envisaged as the first of a number agreements
that
International
were to be negotiated
under
the
of
proposed
Trade Organisation ( ITO ). The plan to
setup
the ITO, however, was dropped in the face of opposition
from
the US congress which feared that such an internatioanl would interfere
with
its power to influence world
trade.
Hence, t„aJly
GATT has continued to this day as the only multi lateral/^f orum of
discussion
disputes. upon
It
them
of
trade policy
issues
and
settlement
is an adhoc treaty among nations
to
nego>fiate reduction of
which
Tariff
in
free trade. Though technically it is a treaty
it
over
has
the years assumed
a
commercial
calls
order
promote
of
to
only,
policy
role
originally planned for ITO. Twenty original membership
three countries including India
signatories has
to the general
agreement.
were
the
Today
the
increased to 125 with the breakdown
of
the
USSR. The trade
original
aim of GATT was
to
promote
by reducing barriers to it, such as custom duties
quotas. developing
However
the
countries
recognising GATT
the
provided
special for
need
''special
differential treatment' for such countries. It also
world and of and
provided
for penalties such as anti-dumping duties against goods
from
countries that violated GATT rules. The of
each
Favoured
essence of GATT is a committment on the
signatory to give all other Nation
(
MFN )
status.
signatories To
prevent
the
part Most
retaliatory
3 discrimination
that
characterised trade
in
the
inter-war
period, it also entails equal treatment for all the that
is,
preferential
treatment
like
lowered
members; tariff
to
producers of one country has to be exetended to like products of
other
barriers
countries. It requires replacement
of
non-tariff
with tariffs, binding the tariff tft fixed
ceilings
which than are negotiated downwards. Non-tariff measures such as quotas are banned expect in special circumstances like and acute
balance
of payment crisis.
Unlike
in
World
Bank and the IMF where the system of
weighted
the
voting
operates in GATT, in theory every member irrespective of size has
one vote. This seemingly democratic structure
of
GATT,
however, has not prevented allegations of it being under
the
to1trt>-t. contrtl of the three powerfull trading partners ( US, EC and
); that deals are
Japan
^green
room'
struck in the
secracy
among mew»bers invirted selectively;
of
the
and
that
decisions are handed out to the rest fait accomplion a takeit-or-leave-it basis. So negotiations
far,
eight
rounds
of
multilateral
trade
have been completed. The eighth round
known
as the Uruguay round was launched^Punta del Este in
Uruguay.
It
was
scheduled to conclude in 1990, but due to lack
agreemet among participants in the
certain key ares such
agriculture, patents, etc. it has gragged on. All out were
being
consequences on
made
including
predictions
to follow if it is ..
of
as
effort
the
delayed any further
Dec 15, 1993 the world community witnessed the
of
dire and
beginning
of
a
era
new
representatives consensus,
a
of
multilateral
of
the
117
free
member
trade, GATT
when
the
a«ro©vecl,
world trade treaty that was envisaged
by
by the
Uruguay round of negotiations seven years ago. The treaty
is
termed as one of the great breakthrough. The
beautiful
Morrocco
witnessed
centuary
on
the
and
quiet city
most
eventful
Marrakesh
happening
this world
decided to formally sign the GATT agreement. Marrakesh
which
the
the
of
in
entire
in
15 April, 1994, when almost
of
local language means ^ go quickly', lived
upto
name when 125 countries of the world including India
decided
to slash the tariffs upto 40% of trade among themselves. Uruguay
its
The
round of negotiations which began in Punta del
Este
in Uruguay on September 19, 1986 were finally concluded
when
125
Most
leading
nations of the world decided
to
provide
Favoured Nation ( MFN ) s t ^ s to all signatories. The proceeding
was
watched
by
representative
19
entire
associated
governments of Russia, Nepal, Saudi Arabia, Bulgaria, etc.
and
including
appreciated
by thirty
other
observer
Jordan agencies
ADB,
World Bank, IMF, UNO, UNCTAD,
UNESCO,
The
GATT
World
OECD
etc. will
be
replaced
by
Trade
Organisation ( WTO ) from January 1, 1995. The draft consists of 500 pages.
5 DUNKEL DRAFT In the face of the inability to bring the Urugauy round to satisfactory
conclusion, the
then Director General of
and the chairman of the trade
a
GATT
negotiations committee, Arthur
Dunkel proposed a draft of over 400 pages full of suggestions and This
solutions
to break the deadlock in
negotiations.
was the bi rthk^unkel Draft ( DD ) . This draft has
circulated
to
acceptance. controversies
all
memeber countries for
Instead
it
and
debate.
sections which are 1.
GATT
their
has given rise to a The darft
is
study
whole
been and
lot
of
into
28
round
of
divided
given as follows;
Final act embodying the results of the Uruguay
multilateral trade negotiations. 2. Measures in favour of least- developed countries. 3. Trade in goods. 4. Rules in origin. 5. Pre-shipment inspection. 6. Anti-dumping. 7. Technical barriers to trade. 8. Import licensing procedure. 9. Subsidies and countervailing duties. 10. Customs valuation. 11. Government procurement. 12. Agriculture. 13. Sanitary and phyto sanitary measures safe guards. 14. Trade related aspect of investment measures ( TRIMs ). 15. Textiles and clothing.
16. Article II: 1 ( b ) of GATT. 17. Article XVII of GATT. 18. Balance of payments provisions of the GATT. 19.
Understanding
on
rules
on
procedures
and
settlement, 20. Elements of an integrated dispute
disputesettlement
system. 21. Suspension of concessions. 22. Article XXIV of the GATT. 23. Article XXVIII of the GATT. 24. Article XXXV of the GATT. 25. Functioning of the GATT system. 26. Trade in services. 27.
Trade related
aspect of intellectual
property
rights,
including trade in Cou-YifeM^U^Cfcl* (AV«^€!< III^ Cr/orld
- 40. interrelated
complexity for
areas
involving
the existance
of
TRIMs, of
inquiry, Relevant
TRIMs,
their
100 definition, benifits
specific
they
existing
GATT
framwork
for
attempts and
a
and
the
and
and
In
of
to provide
the
last
for developing
a
author
new
rules
Dunkel
S I N G H , KANITKAR
text: Implications
(Ajit),and
for
rural
JOHNSON Econ
sector.
2 9 , 1 3 ; 1 9 9 4 , M a r , 2 6 ; A - 42 - A - 5 2 .
its
overview
the Dunkel
implications of the main
aspects
specific
consideration
-
for
the
proposals
rural
the
attention
particular
investment
special
s e c t o r . Besides
i s s u e s , it draws to
with
in
services,
environment
the
to
these
issues
issues
includes
process
of
pertaining
globalization
creation
environmental
concerns
trade
regime
and
similar
104.
ZURICH
(Richard
and
in the wake aspects
round:
European
Community, Luxemberg.
permissible
measures
clarification covers
of
such
an
which
things
-
major under related
These
logic,
of
as
the
knowledge, international
policy.
global
COMMISSION.
benefits;
1994.
P 25. illustrative
is included
TRIMs
of public
agreement
that
welfare
of the new
and
- as well
T R I M s . //? EUROPEAN
Uruguay
Discusses
to the
proposals.
distribution
Senti).
Global
versus
given
trade
and
broader
focus
sector
i n v e s t m e n t , a g r i c u l t u r e , patents
rules,
cost
capabilities
TRIMs
agreement.
what
on T R I M s .
Discuses on
consider
the outlook
( P ) , SUKHPAL
(E M i c h a e l ) .
and
subsquent
to c h a r a c t e r i s e
THOMAS
k/.
provide
of concern
itiechanistn to d i s c i p l i n e
disciplines
103.
Pol
may
practices
list
in the agreement
ar&
prohibited
as local
context
by
of
non
along
with
other
GATT
rules,
trade
101 balacing
and
---, ---, 105.
local
(Mohamed).
h/orld
Eco.
that
more
apparent
issue
of the Uruguay and
of the
key
between
than
non
North-South
real.
issues
TRIMs
round
tariff
the GATT
TRIMs: North-South
1 2 , 3; 1 9 8 9 , S e p ; 347
States
tariff
requirement.
TARIFF
ARIFF
issue?
sales
negotition
barriers
relating articles
and
on such
become succeed
the
and
a
non-
a issue
largely in
to t r a d e . Also
to TRIMs
or
- 60.
divide
would
devide
a
is non-
dismantling
examines
discusses
the
some
linkage
TRIMs
issue.
---, L A W S , 106.
CHINA
QIN
(Ya). J
resumption.
China
h/orld
Jr.
Presents the
view
mistaken
that as
structure
the a
of
correct
way
article
XXXII
21,
GATT:
resumtion
result
china
Accession
instead
of
2; 1 9 9 3 , Apr; 77 - 9 8 .
a diffenrent
GATT.
for
and
analysis
position
of
is legally
overlooking
Based
on an
to join
of the general
on the topic
the
analysis
GATT
flawed
unique the
is through
with
only
accession
and legal legal under
agreement.
---, ---, U . S . 107. GATT: Apr;
PALMETER
(N D a v i d ) .
Monotheism
U . S . rules of origin
or p o l y t h e i s m ?
J
Uorld
Tr
,
proposal 24,
2;
to
1990,
25 - 36 . Highlights
the p o i n t s ; efforts
to work
towards
the
102 harmonization
of rules of o r i g i n , procedural
rules to
govern
the application of rules of origin and then turn to a central q u e s t i o n ; whether there should be one non preferential of origin or s e v e r a l , rather we should be ruled by or
rules
monotheism
polytheism.
---,
---,
108. WANG
WORLD TRADE
ORGANIZATION
( L e i ) . Non - application
WTO. J Uorld
Tr,
issues in the 6ATT and the
2 8 , 2; 1 9 9 4 , Apr; 49 - 7 4 .
Devoted mainly to the investigation and
practice
on non application
and
its
of GATT
rules
implication
under
GATT article XXXV, known as the GATT non applicaton clause or " o p t - o u t " clause. It concludes that the WTO provisions the philosophy weakening
---,
of GATT n o n - a p p l i c a t i o n
the positon of acceding
LEGAL
in a direction
change towards
parties.
SYSTEM ( F r i e d e r ) . Competence of GATT. J MorTd
109. ROESSLER
Tr
Law,
2 1 , 3; 1 9 8 7 , Jun; 73 - 8 3 . States that the competences of contracting broad,
but may be used nly to promote the operation
objectives of the gneral
agreement
the GATT legal
system
and expansion wihin
or
. The contracting
thefore have both the power and the obligation
---,
parties
the
parties
to ensure
remains "like a tree capable of
its natural
are
that
growth
limits".
MARKET
110. on fr&e 77-85.
HAUSER
(Hein 2 ) . Proposal
market access
for a multilateral
( m a f m a ) . J hforld
Tr.
agreement
2 5 , 5; 1 9 9 1 ,
Oct;
103 states within
that Nafma would be a
the GATT legal
between
these two legal
reinforcement
frameworks
and conflict
Presents some general
111.
system. There
separate
is a close
agreement
relationship
and the areas
of
must be very carefully
agreements
leaving
examined.
aside many
details.
( P e t e r ) . GATT statement • fco/? Tre.
SUTHERLAND
mutual
22,
6;
1 9 9 3 , D e c , 17 - 2 4 ; 2 1 . Concludes of
amrket
liberation
verification access
112.
was
within
in
is likey
services
and
and on
lists
package
work
on
tariffs,
of
the
market
commitments
in
to c o n t i n u e .
MARKET R E F O R M S , DEVELOPING R A M A C H A N D R I A H ( V ) , Ed.
response
reach
of schedules of concession
offers
agriclture
---,
that the large and broad based
COUNTRIES,
GATT accord
. 1 9 9 4 . Commonwealth
INDIA
: India's
strategic
publishr-es, New D e l h i . P
494.
Re 5 0 0 . Much has been said and written about the gains and losses arising of
out of the GATT accord. A careful
the a g r e e m e n t , decisions
indicate
that the GATT accord
debveloping
113. Econ
Pol
however
is by and large beneficial
and market
MICRO O R G A N I S M , P A T E N T S , SAHAI
would
countries like India, which has been
the pace of its economic
---,
and d e c l a r a t i o n s
examination
to
accelerated
reforms.
INDIA
( S u m a n ) . GATT and patenting
of
micro
organism.
(^. 2 9 , 1 2 ; 1 9 9 4 , Apr, 9; 841 - 4 2 . Concludes
that
with the
acceptance
of
patents
104 micro
organism like all living creates as bacteria
,
virus,
fungus, algae, small plants, animals and even genes etc
will
be severely affect the India. ---, MULTILATERAL TRADE ORGANIZATION, INDIA 114.
DAS
(Arvind
Mainstream,
N).
GATT:
Indian
style.
6,32; 1993, Dec, 25; 9. Multi1aterality
the
Capitulation,
multilateral
unilateral
trade
of GATT and its formalisation organization
(MTO)
will
in
override
action by U.S. As for as India is concerned, there
is an ominous vagueness on this, and India is not sure the status of the super and special
about
301 provisions.
---, PATENTS, INDIA 115.
GATTING ALONG with GATT. Coap Master-,
1994, Jun; 961
-
62. States that it appears that India has more to gain from
the GATT agreement. However
, to gain more
, India
has put
to
take certain precautions. Special
efforts need to be
in
the
benefits
patents apy
for
exports
field of R & D so that more
on the one hand and the countries does not patents has
addition,
to
on the other. be
industrial
towards international
---, POLITICAL 116.
ZIETZ
political
accures
Secondly,
maintained at a
very
growth high
production has to be properly
form
have
to
rate
of
level.
In
oriented
market.
INCENTIVES
(Joachim).
Negotiations
on
GATT
reform
and
incentives.
of s u r r e n d e r .
States that the acquisition
148.
not
industry.
2 4 , 3 2 ; 1 9 9 4 , Apr, 3 0 ;
---,
logical
instrument
adverse effects on trade and investment but also the of domestic
GATT
will
and propagatin of
become more
as a result of the
new
expensive agreement
new and on
rights.
, INDIA
( K u l d i p ) . Dunkel
requires
rethinking.Tr/A.
114,
8 5 ; 1 9 9 4 , Mar, 3 0 ; 8. Describes
that
India
will
suffer
the
most
in
lis patents.
Our
law does not envisage patenting
phameceuticals,
food
p r o d u c t s , anything
of
related
ener-gy and living organism. The draft proposals every branch of technology If nothing
should be
lead
the
British ---,
ship
to face a
atomic
requires
can differ the
the DUnkel
Dunkirk-like
that
signing
proposals
disaster
will
that
the
did during World War I I .
TELECOMMUNICATION, LESS-DEVELOPED
149.
to
patented.
e l s e , New Delhi
of the a g r e e m e n t . One fears whether
chemicals
DORRENBACHER
Telecommunications
(Christoph)
COUNTRIES
and
in the Uruguay
FISCHER
(Oliver).
Interecon.
round.
25,
4;
1 9 9 0 , J u l - A u g ; 185 - 9 2 . Attempts developmental the and
Uruguay
150.
of
intensive
the present
and
for LDCs which could emerge
from
regarding
telecommunication
results of the Uruguay
on the c o n s e q u a n c e s
(Xiaobing).
multilateral
possible
s e r v i c e s . It contains an upto
TEXTILES AND CLOTHING TANG
economic
rounf n e g o t i a t i o n s
offers an outlook
---,
clarify
opportunities
information
analysis
to
date
round
and
of the n e g o t i a t i o n s .
SECTOR
Textiles and the
trade n e g o t i a t i o n s
.
Uruguay
J World
Tr.
round
2 3 , 3;
of
1989,
Jun; 51 - 8 1 . Describes products countries.
which To
textiles
can be most easily achieve
textiles and clothing agree
that
the
sector
as soon as possible
and
clothing
exported
objective
of
by
further
the
developing
integrating
into the 6ATT all
for freezing
are
parties
the shold
restrictions
119 textiles agree and
and
clothing
as soon stopping
the
as possible the
restictions,
sector
for
insuring
and
of
that
clothing
the GATT
freezing
introduction
thus
textiles
into
all
parties
further
restrictions
the tnultifibre the process
sector
into
arranegment
of
GATT
shold
integrating will
not
be
nullified. ---, T E X T I L E S , DEVELOPED 151.
RAMAMURTHY
clothing:
Future
textiles.For
Tr
(
B
unde
Rev.
developed special
Recent
the
and
that
regime
modalities
textiles
and
almost
of bringing
t r a d e . For
Tr
promoting
developing
to
romoval
exports valuation also shown
about
Issues
trade
regarding
- 24. in
textiles
has been
regulated
inception
working
party
of
and
totally
developing
GATT. in
the
symmetric
countries
liberalisation
and
as
to
of trade
in
COUNTRIES
( M 6 ) . Role
Discusses
seek
the
indicated and
textiles
clothing.
MATHUR
country's
since
developd
in
- Mar; 210
countries
in the GATT
---, T R A D E , DEVELOPING 152.
trade
international
have
between
COUNTRIES
arrangement:
developing
committe
perceptions
World
2 0 , 4; 1 9 8 6 , Jan
dvelopements
textiles
).
of multifibre
Describes betwen
AND DEVELOPING
a greater
in
the
in
examples
of GATT
t r a d e . GATT's
part
IV
or minimum
readiness
than
- D e c ; 264 - 7 4 . role
residual
GATT
developing
the
c o u n t r i e s . Some
recent
promoting
V, 3; 1 9 7 0 , Oct
country's
of developing
redressed
Rev.
by citing
of
parctices
of GATT
price
restrictions barriers
negotiations. in the past
provides affecting
relating
requirement
in
to
etc.
are
has
also
to supplement
its
The GATT
120 traditional
most
liberalisation trade
---
favoured
by
admitting
of the developing
, ---, ECONOMIC
153.
MITRA
the T U R K E Y IMP ORT , D E V E L O P I N G COUNTRIES EXP ORT TIH BER TUR K E Y P O L I CV R E V I EW M E C H A N I S M T R A D E RE F O R M S T R A D E 5 U B S I DlES T A R IFF , W 0 RLD T R A D E RU LES , T A R I F F , D E V E L O P I N G C O U N T R I E S T R A D I N C S Y S T EM DEV E L 0 P IN& C O U N T R I E S UNI T E D KINGDOM T R 0 P I C A L PRO D U C T S , D E V E L O P I N G C O U N T R I E S U R U 6U A Y R O U N D AGR I C U LT U R E . IN D I A RV I CE S --- , TA R I F E C 0 0 P E R ATION CUSTOM DUTY D E V E L 0 P ING C O U N T R I E S E C 0 N 0 H IC A C T I V I T Y EC0N0MY ENVIRON M E N T MEASURES EXPORT, TARIFF F R E E TR A D E 1 N T E L L EC T U A L P R O P E R T Y R I G H T INVEST M E N T MEASURES i^l A R K E T M U L T I L A1 E R A L I S M f-^ A T E N T S P R E •• S M I P M E N T S 0 C I A L^ A N D E C O N O M I C A L SOCIAL P 0 L I C Y S U B S I D IE S , D E V E L O P I N G TARIFF - , AN TI DUhP I NG
CONDITION COUNTRIES
142 1A3 1 4 '1
145 146 147 i4 8 149 150 151 152 153 15 4 15 5 15 6-15 7 1 5 8 - J, 5 9
160 161 162 163 16 4 165-166 167 168 16 1 71
i)
172 17 3 - 1 7 5
17 6-179 180 1 81 182 183 84 J85
186 187 1, 8 8 18 9 190 191
192 193 194 19 5 196- 197 198 199 2 00 201 2 02 20 3 204 2 05 2 06 20 7 208
Ibh TEXTILES TRAD E TRADE POLICY TRADE POLICY MECHANISM T R A D I N G SYSTEi'lS, D E V E L O P I N G C O U N T R I E S WORLD TRADE ORGANISATION W 0 R L 0 B A N K A N D 1M E , I N D I A W 0 R LD E C O N O M Y D E V E L 0 PIN G C O U N T R I E S REGIONAL BLOCKS W 0 R L D M A R K E T , P H A R M A C E U T I C A L S E C OR W 0 R LD T R A D E WORL D TRADE O R G A N I S A T I O N
209 210- 212 213 2 14 215 21 6 21? 218- -219 220 2 21
222 22 3- 226 22 7-•223
K)
APPENDIX-I ALPHABETICAL LIST OF PERIODICALS ABSTRACTED •ULL
Sr.NO. ;ABB„ F'DRM OF I PERIODICAL 01. 02.
A s ian CoiTip
Recorde Master
03.
I)eino
l-Ja r 1 d
r
FORM
A s I, a n R G c o r d e r C o rn p e t i t i, o n Maste r D e iTi 0 c r a t i c
FREQUENCY
W e e F:: 1 y Monthly
1 PLACE OF 1 PUBLICATION Calcutta New Delhi
F 0 r t n i g h 11 y New D e1F i i
w 0 i~ 1 d
04.
E c: o II . B u 1. Eur ope
05.
E con
F^ 0 1 W
E c: o n o in :i. c B u 1. ]. e t 0 n f o r E u r op e EI c 0 n o rn i c a n d
Political 06.
Ecor
) T i nie s
New Yo r k
We e k I y
Bombay
Daily
07.
E c0n
08.
For
Affai
09.
F" 0 r
Tr
Bu1
10.
Foi-
Tr
Rev
11. 12.
Hi ndu Dai ly 1-1 i n Il u s t a i i Dai ly T i fn e s T i in e s 1 1 F N e w s 1 e 1 1 e r Monthly I I F N GWS I n d E c 0 n D i, a'il vt. I'y well bijit tiis b r i n k is f i n a l l y r e a c h e d o n W e d n w e s d a y ( 1 5 D e c e m b e r )„ 1 4 D E C E M B E R 1 9 9 3 . " W e h a v e c u t t h e G o r d i a n I m o t of t h r U r u g u a y Roun^i" says US Trade Representative Mickey Kantor after reaclii.ig agreement with EC Commissioner Sir Leon Brittan in Geneva,, Sutherland welcomes this development and expresses confidence that the Rouud will meet the d e a d l i n e . 15 D E C E M B E R 1 9 9 3 . A f t e r final s e s s i o n s of the M a r k Accesand s e r V 1 ce s Cir' ou|::is 1', 11 ;• T N C m e e t s a n d Cfia i. rmaci Su111 e r-1 c*n d br i n g s his g a v e l d o w n on s e v e n y e a r s of U r u g u a y R o u n d n e g o t i a t i o n s .
