J - Eprint UTM

0 downloads 0 Views 627KB Size Report
Jul 14, 2003 - years to cover t!w entire Pinang River watershed. A linear polynomial r('ctification with a nearesr-!1rigllbour rcsam piing method was employed.
t.'co/. Qui! Enf[ 6 (l), 97-110, 2m:;

97

Feature: Toward river restoration in J=?~t Asia-Pacific Region

CASE STUDY

Application of GIS and remote sensing for measnring and evalnating land-nse change and its impact on water quality in the Pinang River watershed Ahmad Jailani Muhamed YlJNllS*I, Nobukazu NAKAGOSHI' and Ab Latif IBRAHIM"' Ecof. Civil EIlI!. fj(l), 97-110, 2003. 1;' r;mduall! Sdw"/ /iir /nlanallo/Utl f}(I'("!o/Jltiml and CoojJrratiol1, lliroshima {:ml.'i'r,\·l~\', 1- 'J - 1 f(f{jfamiyama, lliJ?
\1&.' ~lJ1d bnd ((,I'er char,t'CC1)Je

pattern"- il\ld land-use cllange,; in 1992 Hl96 ant! 2000, u,;ing ilJ((JI'maliun d>:'ri\wj Imm Land';,(l Thellllllllf'nt ill

indice~

state of \\';ller quality.

wid blld C'Nel" drltlge em phiy

in environmental

the general public. F'or this reason, \vakr qual,

h,J1\dscapt' ,nndili"ns :t;riffith

d~I1i1,

T1lt' .l(oa1 was arhiewd bv RS tcchniq\les Cl1lllet1l 1999:­

paramrtcr 'JJepartment of Environment 1994).

Based on thc ,"VQI valut':; range, the water quality is mtt'­ gorized

:l.~

fn!i(IWS: "Clean" IWQI-,';1.-100), "slightly pol­

luted" .:\\'QI -flO-80) and "poll\Tted" (WQl= 0-59 1

Six

watel CjU:llity par:-mwters: dissolwd Qxygen (DO::, pH, bio­

ti,m~ in 1996 (lnd 28;) in 2000

unit area).

within the Pi1l' Pl'I' unit area

tri:ll. and c('metery were vVithin the

~tlicly

n:·[la~sified

period. forest n'JnJlllt:d the l:Ilj

,

Public lllilllic,'

I. I"

1

1~""'~"li()nal

:J6.76 ::;,1 L. ::;6 SCi. 74 9.17 70:-;.13

~TI.Jh

~lil1ing

1.7.1

11. :!i'

--'1.(;.'-' !iii. : I :,44. (;4

D, :)7

:},1.47 1. ,I,) 9.02

1'. :-)0

1

I.,

JII, 70

IUl

';2

7::;. -t~ (). :1r;

:lS

D.9S lUI

li,D:': ij,

:,

1.1.11

,

I :,0

,

111·t!.lj7

1

", II,

I I. :,:--,

OJ

W~.-,

I, 17

,

!1 ,1,1

'1

D.2\1

i 1.:;,;

O.7S S.7S

:j

12. Vi I. 17

".23

" 67

12, iiI If, O,7 i l

112

~"'>'I.

,\gricultllral

291.&\ lSil6, :..1 57,j. Ii,'; 0, rH

~ -jO

lH

Iluill-up

:.m, :li-;

: 11\, 71;

12.3-1

,

J(~

:;8,:;,';

71. ,(I D. I,) 3. ,IS ". (;Ii

lD. ]5 -)9.9:'

liliUiu :-:b(I.:)7

1,1:'.S. II'-

fi,(j 1

1,{iS

:-;::'1, ~17

-ccc''c':c'c c- I'dtl h

13.64 .)11-18,27

~7

155

,i

,\n 'Jf

1,I

792

:.~I I

Ar~:1

~:-;I.1J:2

O.

1%.1),1 :!ii. 12 IO,S2 lO73.BS 16S, -1[1 S7.7(i

!S

'.1. 'K; {' . 11'1

S';, ,Iii

,/-j

,

[I I, ;;f)

1,1. 71i

,II. I:-J 1207

h'i

i;1

:.(;.2.1 ..:. '12 ~.

l. 79

I ~ ..)(j

e'.65

] . ,[:?

L. 16 , J9

I,

1. 47

n.67

~19

. ii{:'

O.W 0.16

0.07

I),

11

(1. 03

\ff'-I';l'ch Nwnher

:\1PA-JI,'kan P:lt,h Area

FD-Fr:lctal l)imen~lOn

SDl-Shannon\ Diversity index

SEI-SI",dnrH)ll'" Evenlleo;~ ;nJex

:m';j:; hrin,2 ronveftd to agri'~ultlJr:JI l~nrI IS1,l)i; hal and

110-1;'

ch,mge te, !lw aggravatt river w;Jter qU::Jlity.

built-up areas (41.26 hill. SLb-basins 3 and 'I show enol'·

m(JUs (:hatlK'~ of {qfcst ;tl'eas

tl'

'lgr;cllh.umJ lands from JLJ92

:1 (a:-, six wa(cr

to 200f1. Mon'oVPf tht-'st-' sub-basins arc situated at highly

B
t(J

jt[(·~

The anllual ;weragr le\'e)s of DO r,m,-:e frm\) 0.00 tOJ 8.2 mg

I

54H.r;

t!,2000. A.11 ,t1

~h(lw

low

kvel~

uf [x],

despit[~

tbe fact

Oldwfd adivitie,;

thai WQMS ;) "hows higher le"ds uf anllLl.:t1 mear: DO 1ur 2Un,) 1)';2 mgiI!, which lI1diCl:'!'!l

SCHlIC

sef'1l ill slIfr\)asilJ 4, W]ll'JI' ::;3,]2

Such h~l

Sub-basin:{

shows 8.1:' ba and 15.79 ha uf forest and scrub callsform"d to agricultural

,Lea.

Hl~16

aISi..'

afCClS afC

Ne\wtheles tlO, the river conditions are acceptable for

utilitieo;. De.I!;r;HJed water qllalill',

watcr recreational activities, and for public

ne.c:ativeil' (orrelated with

a~

fore~ted

;,jrea~,

tile three

impoltant in ddennin­ ll~.;e, ~.crLlb

and IJublic

eXIJeckd, was generally land Lise.

water supply minor purificati0n is required.

The relationship between land use and water quality index.

Conclusion The Impact of built-up ilnd urb;Ln land

Mean annual \vQr values lur 1\'\)2. EI\l6 ,md

~(l[)r\

L1S~';

fr\ r:rirliltu r:d

";-:;9:..'

· ~ l)

1~) 1

· U5'1

, (1 Hi

I~ecreati()nal

,1

171

· (lOi

· ;Ct,1

.x20

,,1%

.3:36

.861 •

"

"

4

Pearson corrl'iatiol1

, ~J76'

• ':l:1(]'

"iig-. (1-tailed)

.ICoI

.035

.030

,1



.IXii

Pearson correlation

"::llS

· 97:)'

Sig (]-tailed ,I

.61'12

· ()]J

Li7

1

4

5

.2ID

· fjO:!

.260

.717

I (I~I

.336

1

-1

C

f'tar~'Jll

(oITE'lation

Sig. (l-tni'lrJ.

m,l\- not be effective in \\;Jtcr

TIle' findin;;:< n'inforct t)1I' IV'liun tJwt

man;lJ!emelll "f poinl ,Inl! Ilon-point :t;]llv !lS: :;~l:-;-4(H L. L, & Wiley IV1. J h~tWf'''ll land use / cuv~r and

U~b"rn~

(19NN) Empirit'li(~11 I '1'C"'e~,,~" \kyer, W. It &: TUl'lIn

[I. [\

L

14, H67 -1'IJ;'j, ': 1991,' Changes in l.and-uS!:'

and land c'(l\W: A Glob;i1 I'"r'~pe,'tlv" C;Jll1bridgf' UniversilY l'r~~". C;lmbridgp.

J

(l1I1\[I',d \,'a1l'r~hed, Joumdl of Envinlll1llelll;,l \bn