Jacobs Journal of Community Medicine
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Original Article
Prevalence, Lipid Abnormalities Combinations and Risk Factors Associated with Low HDL-C Levels in Maracaibo City, Venezuela Valmore Bermúdez*1,Juan Salazar1,Joselyn Rojas1,María Sofía Martínez1,Luis Bello1,Roberto Añez1,Robys González1,Carmen Chávez1,Vanessa Apruzzese1,Wheeler Torres1,José Carlos Mejía1,Edgar Miquilena1,Maricarmen Chacín1,Clímaco Cano Ponce1,Manuel Velasco2,José López-Miranda3 1
Endocrine-Metabolic Research Center, “Dr. Félix Gómez,” School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela Clinical Pharmacologic Unit. Vargas Medical School, Central University of Venezuela. Caracas, Venezuela
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Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Medicine. IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba, and CIBER
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Fisiopatología, Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain *Corresponding author: Dr. Valmore Bermúdez, Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela, Email:
[email protected] Received: 09-14-2015 Accepted: 10-14-2015 Published: 11-04-2015 Copyright: © 2015 Valmore
Abstract The purpose of this study was to analyze the epidemiologic behavior of HDL-C and the factors associated with Low HDL-C within the Maracaibo city Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Study (MMSPS). A total of 2,230 individuals from both sexes were enrolled in the MMSPS. Low levels of HDL-C were defined according to ATP-III criteria. Qualitative variables were expressed as absolute and relative frequencies, using chi2 test for association assessment. A logistic regression model was built to evaluate the main risk factors associated with Low levels of HDL-C. Low Level HDL-C (isolated and combined) was 57.8% (n=1,288), 751 women and 537 men. Prevalence of Isolated Low HDL-C was 17.6%, while Low HDL-C + High LDL-C was 19.6%, Mixed Dyslipidemia was 16.2%, and Low HDL-C + Hypertriacylglyceridemia was 4.3%. Higher risk for Low HDL-C was observed in Men with obesity (OR 1.93; IC95%1.22-3.04) and Hypertriacylglyceridemia (OR 2.19, IC95%1.68-3.11), and Women of Amerindian ethnicity (OR: 2.78, IC95%1.26-6.13), currently unemployed (OR 1.60, IC95%1.19-2.15) and Hypertriacylglyceridemic (OR: 3.18, IC95%2.144.73); a slightly lower risk was observed in women with low alcohol intake (OR 0.54, IC95%0.29-1.00). There is a high prevalence of Low HDL-C in our study, raising the possibility that HDL-C cutpoints may not be suited for our population. This type of dyslipidemia was associated with obesity, ethnic group, employment, hypertriacylglyceridemia and alcohol consumption.
Keywords: High Density Lipoprotein; Dyslipidemia; Isolated Low HDL-C; Coronary Artery Disease; Metabolic Syndrome; Obesity; Alcohol Consumption
Cite this article: Bermudez V. Prevalence, Lipid Abnormalities Combinations and Risk Factors Associated with Low HDL-C Levels in Maracaibo City, Venezuela. J J Commun Med. 2015, 1(2): 009.
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Jacobs Publishers
Introduction According to World Health Organization (WHO), Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is the main cause of death in the adult population worldwide [1], with a tendency to lower in high income countries around the world [2]. According to the latest heart disease and stroke, which uses the NHANES database [3], 31.8% (34.6 million) of men and 12.3% (14.1 million) of women with CVD have Low HDL-C. Worldwide results from prospective and case-control studies have demonstrated that low serum levels of HDL-C are considered a major independent cardiovascular risk factor, among them the Framingham Study [4], the Prospective Cardiovascular Münster Study (PROCAM) [5], and The InterHeart Study [6]. In the PREV-ICTUS study, Low HDL-C was independently associated with CVD with OR 1.46 (IC95% 1.22-1.74, p
