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John Cleland - Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars
East Africa Middle Africa Southern Africa Western Africa
Percentage of currently married women using a modern method of contraception: West Africa PERIOD Country
197579
Benin
198084
198589
1990 -94
1
Burkina Faso
4
Chad Côte d'Ivoire
1
4
199599
2000+
Policy to Reduce Fertility
3
7
-
5
9
3
1
2
-
Gabon Ghana
6
4
Guinea Liberia
6
Mali
1
Mauritania Nigeria Senegal Togo
1 1
2 3
12
-
10
13
19
3
5
4
6
3 3
5
0
Niger
3
7
6
3
5
-
2
5
5
3
4
9
8
3
5
8
10
3
7
9
-
Mean desired family sizes among all women (African surveys) PERIOD Country Benin
1975-79
1980-84
1985-89
1990-94
7.4
Burkina Faso
5.7
1995-99
2000+
5.5
4.9
5.7
5.6 8.9
Chad Côte d'Ivoire
8.4
5.5
5.4 4.9
Gabon Ghana
6
5.3
4.4
Guinea Liberia
4.3
4.4
5.7
5.6
6.6
6.2
6
Mali
6.9
Mauritania
6.2
Niger Nigeria Senegal Togo
8.3 8.3
6.8 5.3
8.2
8.2
5.8
6.1
6.7
5.9
5.3
5.4
4.5
Niger Population (2005)
14 million
Total Fertility Rate
7.1 births per woman
% using modern contraception
5%
Life expectancy
45.4 years
Infant mortality
81
Adult literacy
16%
% child stunted
38%
HIV prevalence
0.7%
Projected population in 2050 if (a) Fertility remains constant
80 million
(b) Fertility declines to 3.6 by 2050
50 million
Kenya: Changes in Reproductive Indicators 1977-78
1984
1989
1993
Mean desired family size
7.7
6.2
4.7
3.9
% wanting no more children
16%
N/A
49%
52%
% contracepting
7%
17%
27%
33%
8
7.7
6.7
5.4
Fertility rate
Success in Kenya:1980-95 • • • •
Strong political support Mobilisation of elite groups Extensive use of mass media Access to FP methods via health facilities, social marketing and community distribution • Adequate international funding
Trends in total fertility rate and contraceptive use in married Kenyan women 10
35%
9
30% 25%
7 6
20%
5 15%
4 Fertility Rate
3 2
10%
Contraceptive Use
5%
1 0 1975
1980
1985
1990 Year
1995
2000
0% 2005
Contraceptive Use (%)
Fertility rate per woman
8
KENYA: CAUSES & CONSEQUENCES OF FERTILITY STALL CAUSE(?) Between 1995-2005 USAID’s Annual allocation for family planning fell from $12 million to $9 million while HIV/AIDS allocation rose from $2 to $74 million CONSEQUENCES: % unwanted births rose from 11% (1998) to 21% (2003) and % contraceptive users relying on public sector supplies fell from 68% to 53% KENYA’S PROJECTED POPULATION IN 2050 RAISED FROM 44 TO 83 MILLION
DISTRIBUTION OF 76 LOW AND LOWER-MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES BY RATE OF POPULATION GROWTH AND UNMET NEED FOR FP Unmet Need Low (
