Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (Kap) Regarding ...

Original Article Errata

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (Kap) Regarding Hepatitis B Virus among Health Care Workers in a Tertiary Health Facility in Northeastern Nigeria. Yakubu SI, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria

Ikuanaiye NY, Department of Pharmaceutical Services, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria

Denue BA, Department of Medicine, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria.

Haliru A and Tijjani AB Department of Pharmaceutical Services, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria

Williams RA, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria

David EA, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, Gombe State University, Nigeria

Correspondence to: Denue B A Email: [email protected] Nig. Hosp Pract Vol. 21 No (1-2), 2018, 14-22

Summary Sub Saharan Africa has a high burden of hepatitis B virus infection. It is occupational health risk among health workers as it is contracted through contact with infected blood and body fluids. Vaccination of those at risk has been shown to be effective preventive measures, but it is often not implemented in developing countries. To assess knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) regarding hepatitis B virus infection as an occupational risk among health care workers in a tertiary health facility. A prospective cross sectional survey was conducted using a pre evaluated standardized questionnaire. Proportionate quota sampling technique was used to appropriate participants from HCW groups to exclude bias. A total of 271 HCWs constituting a response rate of 77.87% participated in this study. The proportion of males gender of 133 (49.1%) was similar to 138 (30.9%) females. Stratification of the studied participants based on during of working experience indicated that at least one out of two participants, 149 (55.2%) had < 10 years working experience. Taking knowledge and attitude toward the hepatitis B virus infection into account, 156 (57.6%) and 148 (54.6%) demonstrated adequate knowledge and appropriate attitude respectively. Of the studied participants, 138 (50.9%) had inappropriate practice towards the infection and poor knowledge of significance of vaccination. The age, gender, marital status and the years of experience were not significantly associated with the overall KAP performance. However, the level of knowledge correlated with the level of attitude (p< 0.05) and practice (p < 0.05) regarding prevention of HBV and Vaccine uptake. Health care workers had a satisfactory knowledge on hepatitis B virus infection. They showed poor adherence to standard precaution and practices of infection prevention. Vaccination coverage was decimal among the participants. Based on finding from this report, training and demonstration exercises on safety precautions against infections transmitted through blood and body fluids is advocated among HCWs. This can be achieved through practical demonstration of hand hygiene, waste disposal and adherence to protocols on universal precaution at strategic service delivery points. Vaccination of newly employed health workers and periodic vaccination of existing health workers will help to prevent hepatitis B virus in hospital setting. Key words: hepatitis B virus, knowledge, attitude, practice, health care workers.

14

Nigerian Hospital Practice Vol. 21, No 1-2, 2018

Yakubu SI et al


15

Health Care Workers Knowledge of Hepatitis B

Table 1: Sample size distribution across health care professional groups Health care professionals

Population (Pi)

Contributing proportion

Sample size

sample size Adjusted for response rate

Pharmacists Physicians MLSs Dentists Nurses Total

40 96 57 15 460 N=∑Pi= 668

0.06 0.14 0.09 0.02 0.69

15 34 22 5 168 nt=244

21 49 31 7 240 Adj. nt= 348

MLSs = Medical Laboratory. Scientists

16


Yakubu SI et al

Table 2: Demographic characteristics of the study population Variable

Total Frequency (%)

Frequency distribution of health care workers (%) Pharmacists

Nurses

physicians

MLSs

p-value Dentists 0.038

Age group (years) 20 – 30 31 – 40 41 – 50 51 – 60 Gender Female Male Marital status Married Single Divorced Separated Years of experience < 10 10 – 19 20 – 29 >30

98 (36.2) 85 (31.4) 63 (23.2) 25 (9.2)

7 (31.8) 8 (36.4) 5 (22.7) 2 (9.1)

59 (34.1) 47 (27.2) 47 (27.2) 20 (11.6)

21(47.7) 20 (45.5) 3 (6.8)

9 (36.0) 6 (24.0) 8 (32.0) 2 (8.0)

2 (28.6) 4 (57.1) 1 (14.3) 0.012

133 (49.1) 138 (50.9)

9 (40.9) 13 (59.1)

98 (56.6) 75 (43.4)

14(31.8) 30 (68.2)

8 (32.0) 17 (68.0)

4 (57.1) 3 (42.9)

195 (72.0) 72 (26.6) 1 (0.4) 3 (1.1)

18 (81.8) 4 (18.2) -

132 (76.3) 39 (22.5) 2 (1.2)

23 (52.3) 21 (47.7) -

18 (72.0) 5 (20.0) 1(4.0) 1 (4.0)

4 (57.1) 3 (42.9) -

149 (55.2) 67 (24.8) 41 (15.2) 13 (4.8)

14 (63.6) 6 (27.3) 1 (4.5) 0(0.0)

76 (43.9) 51 (29.5) 34 (19.7) 12 (6.9)

40 (90.9) 3 (6.8) 1 (2.3) -

13 (52.0) 7 (28.0) 4 16.0) 1 (4.0)

6 (85.7)

0.011

< 0.001

1 (14.3)

MLSs = Medical Laboratoy Scientists

Table 3: Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) among different health care workers KAP Variables

Total frequency

Frequency distribution of health care workers (%) Pharmacists Nurses

Physicians

MLSs

Dentists

156 (57.6) 115 (42.4)

14(63.6) 8 (36.4)

92(53.2) 81(46.8)

28(63.6) 16 (36.4)

17(68.0) 8(32.0)

5(71.4) 2(28.6)

148 (54.6) 120 (44.3)

14(66.7) 7(33.3)

80 (50.0) 31(72.1) 80 (50.0) 12(27.9)

11(44.0) 14(56.0)

6(85.7) 1(14.3)

129 (47.6) 138 (50.9)

10(47.6) 11(52.4)

73(42.7) 98(57.3)

25(58.1) 18(41.9)

14(56.0) 11(44.0)

7(100.0) 0 (0.0)

129 (48.3) 138 (51.7)

10(47.6) 11(52.4)

96(56.1) 75(43.9)

11(25.6) 32(74.4)

13(52.0) 12(48.0)

0(0.0) 7(100.0)

P value

(%) Knowledge (K) Adequate Inadequate Attitude (A) Appropriate Inappropriate Practice (P) Appropriate Inappropriate KAP Below average Equal/ above average

0.566

0.765

0.283

0.001*

MLSs = Medical Laboratoy Scientists


17

18

Knowledge (K)


*Statistical significance

30

Total No.

Equal/ above average

Odd Ratio

95% CI

P value

98 83 62 24

50(51.0) 51(61.4) 25(40.3) 12(50.0)

Ref 0.991 0.507 1.055

0.450, 1.182 0.150, 1.718 0.218, 5.103

0.384 0.982 0.275 0.947

131 136

73(55.7) 65(47.8)

Ref 0.662

0.378, 1.161

0.150

191 72 1 3

100(52.4) 35(48.6) 1(100.0) 2(66.2)

Ref 0.638 NC 2.433

0.315, 1.291

0.562 0.211

0.204, 28.969

0.482

172 21 43 25 7

75(43.9) 11 (52.4) 32(74.4) 13 (52.0) 7(100.0)

Ref 1.379 4.786 1.460 NC

1.379, 3.665 2.076, 11.032 1.460, .596

0.009* 0.520