Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry Fourth Edition Chapter 20

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Lehninger Principles of. Biochemistry. Fourth Edition. Chapter 20: Carbohydrate Biosynthesis in Plants and Bacteria. Copyright © 2004 by W. H. Freeman & ...
David L. Nelson and Michael M. Cox

Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry Fourth Edition

Chapter 20: Carbohydrate Biosynthesis in Plants and Bacteria

Copyright © 2004 by W. H. Freeman & Company 1

Metabolism Catabolism Anabolism Carbohydrate Biosynthesis CO2 fixation (plant, bacteria)

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Nobel Laureate Chemistry 1961 5

C3 Plants Calvin Cycle 6

Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) (from spinach)

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C3 Plants Calvin Cycle 11

Calvin Cycle Stage 2 12

Calvin Cycle Stage 3

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Transketolase Coenzyme: Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)

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Regeneration of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate

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Source of ATP and NADPH

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Enzymes activated by light in Calvin cycles Sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphatase Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase Ribulose 1-phosphate kinase Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase 20

Oxygenase Activity of Rubisco Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase Photorespiration 2-phosphoglycerate: metabolic useless

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C4 plants CO2 fixation and Rubisco activity are spatially separated

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Carbon assimilation in C4 plants

PEP carboxylase does not use O2 as an alternate substrate

No O2 available for Rubisco thus no photorespiration side reaction 23

Starch Biosynthesis (in plastids)

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Sucrose Biosynthesis (in cytosol)

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Regulation of Sucrose Biosynthesis by Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate

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Regulation of Sucrose Biosynthesis by Phosphorylation of Sucrose 6-phosphate Synthase

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Regulation of Starch Biosynthesis

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Plant Cell Wall Cellulose

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The process that penicillins’ action take places

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The Natural Affinity Label: Penicillins Mechanism-base (Suicide) Enzyme Inhibitor

Similarity of Penicillin with the Transition-State of the Substrate of Glycopeptide Transpeptidase

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