Achieving wild marine living resources's. ( animals and plant) intensive
aquaculture， about more than 100 species. ▫ Marine aquaculture production
accounting.
LIU Ying LI Xian Institute of Oceanology ,Chinese Academy of Sciences (IOCAS)
China has made great progress in mariculture
Achieving wild marine living resources’s ( animals and plant) intensive aquaculture， about more than 100 species.
Marine aquaculture production accounting for >60% of the world (1 643 810 tons in 2012).
Semi-closed recirculating system:~10% Recirculating aquauclture system:200 corporations used RAS to produce fish, shrimp, and abalone etc
Present status Developed
rapidly in recent years
Techniques begin to transform from “imitate & follow stage into independent innovation stage” RAS
is still at primary stage, only a few projects reach to enclosed recirculating culture stage.
Problems late beginning, small scale lag in technology, waste resources Poor practicability and reliability of equipment low intelligent and automatic level serious pollution Inadequate re-exploit of equipment function
RAS in China
Typical RAS for turbot(Psetta maxima )
Greenhouse and pond
Turbot capacity (bw) in RAS
Maximum density： 58.7kg/m3
Typical RAS for Grouper
RAS for Grouper
Item
Epinephelus malabaricus
Data
TAN (mg/L)
< 0.12
NO2-N (mg/L)
< 0.02
pH
7-8
TSS(mg/L)
90
Temperature adjustment
Foam fraction
Ozone disinfection
Oxygenation
Nitrifying biofilter
device
增氧
1
2
3
4
5
..
Shrimp culture tank 15 16
Mechanical filter
Inclined-boards sediment tank
typical shrimp recirculating system. Arrows indicate the direction of water flow
Water quality parameters in recirculating shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei systems T (℃) scope 26.0~30.5 mean
28.39± 1.26
pH
DO NH4+ NO2(mgO2/L) (mgN/L) (mgN/L)
COD (mg/L)
7.17~8.3 0
5.39~ 10.72
0.232~ 0.882
0.508~ 1.590
2.63~ 8.76
7.90± 0.14
7.27± 1.36
0.356± 0.180
0.972± 0.288
6.57± 0.39
Contrast between various culture modes of Litopenaeus vannmei Culture mode
Pond culture 1
Body Stocking Survival length(cm) (ind. m-2) rates(%) 0.6 45 72.47
Times （day） 70
FCR
0.84
Output (kg m-3) 0.53
Pond culture 2
0.6cm
100
64
90
－
0.96
Intensive pond culture Pond culture 3
0.7～1
175
95.4
118
1.30
2.44
0.5～0.6
75
57.0
115
-
0. 50
Pond culture
1.8～1.9
50
68.3
82
-
0.04
902
78.3
172
2.50
8.95
100
76.7
96
1.66
1.17
1000
67.8
86
1.89
5.85
Flow-through system Pond recirculating 1.9～1.5 culture This system 2.7
reporter
Fang mj， 2002 Chen hc， 2002 Fu zx，2002 Wang chl， 2002 Wang chl ， 2002 D. Allen Davis,1998 Chang km， 2002
7
3 9 1
7
3
1
1: 5m×1m×0.5m
2: 5m×1m×0.2m 7
3
1
3:waste feed trap
4:sedment pond
7
3 1
5:from fraction 6:drip biofilter
7
3 2
8:pump
7
3 2
6
6
8 5
7:flow meter
4
4
9.Abalone net
RAS for Abalone Item Growth period (days)
Data 180
Initial average abalone length (cm) /weight(g)
4.49cm/13.2g
Final average abalone length (cm) /weight(g)
5.23cm/20.2g
Total abalone biomass produced (kg)
68.579
Initial average density(kg/m3) Final average density(kg/m3)
4.60 6.86
Survival (%)
97.3
FCR
2.47
Average daily water losses (m3 /day)
1.5
Specific water consumption (m3/ kg abalone produced)
Recirculating system for larval rearing of scallop
Recirculating Scallop larval rearing System
Scallop (Argopecten irradians Say)
Total Volume=108m3 Number of experimental tank=10
Recirculating larval rearing system
铵氮浓度（mg/L) NH4+
0.20
流水养殖池铵氮浓度 NH4+ in flow through tank 静水对照池铵氮浓度 NH + in static water tank
0.15
4
0.10 0.05 0.00 1d
3d
5d
7d
9d
时间（天） Time (day)
NH4+ in flow through system and static system for maturing scallop culture
氨氮、亚硝酸氮浓度(mg/L) TAN NO2
育苗池氨氮浓度 TAN
0.10
育苗池亚硝酸氮浓度 NO 2
0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.00 1
3
5
7 9 11 Time (day) 时间/d
13
15
NH4+、NO2- in larval rearing tank
密度 (个/ml) (ind./mL) density rearing
20 15 10 5 0 1
3
5
7 9 Time (day) 时间（天）
11
Variety of scallop larval rearing density (May,2004)
13
150
静水(12个/ml) Static water rearing (12 ind./mL)
145
流水(16个/ml) Flowing water rearing (16 ind./mL)
length (μm) Larval shell 幼虫壳长(µm)
140 135 130 125 120 115 110 105 100 4
5
6
7
8 发育天数(d) Time (day)
9
10
11
Compared to traditional static-water rearing, rearing density enhanced, mortality decreased、individual became bigger in RAS system。
12
Some typical technology and equipments for energy saving A: Energy-saving technique of water pump
B: Frequency conversion technology
C: Oxygen increasing technology
D: Water-driving press filter technology
Some potential technology for RAS A: Quantifying fish body color variation to indicate water quality and/or health state based on computer vision inspection technology
14.0 12.0
fish body density steps
fish body density steps
16.0
10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0
UIA=0.27mg/l
2.0
UIA=0.72mg/l
0.0 0
1
2
3
4
5 time (h)
6
7
8
9
10
Tilapia body color variation under low and middle UIA stress
18.0 16.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 0
30
60
90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 time（min）
Tilapia body color variation under high UIA stress
Fish skin density step VS plasma cortisol
plasma cortisol (ng ml -1 )
700.0
y = 34.014x - 169.04
600.0
2
R = 0.6077
500.0 400.0 300.0 200.0 100.0 0.0 0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
fish skin density step
20.0
B: Process control technology
C：Solar energy and/or heat pump combined technology
