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Ahloowalia, B.S., 1975. Regeneration of ryegrass plants in tissue culture. Crop Sci., 15: 449-452. Ahloowalia, B.S., 1976. Chromosome changes in parasexually produced ryegrass. In: Jones K. and P. Brandham (Eds.). Current Chromosome Research, North Holland, Amsterdam, pp. 115-122. Ahloowalia, B.S., 1983. Spectrum of variation in somaclones of triploid ryegrass. Crop Sci., 23: 1141-1147. Ahloowalia, B.S., 1986. Limitations to the use of somaclonal variation in crop improvement. In: J. Semal (Eds.), Somaclonal Variation and Crop Improvement, pp. 14-27. Martinus Nijhoff, Boston. Creissen, S.S., and Karp, A., 1985. Karyotypic changes in potato plants regenerated from protoplasts. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult., 171-182. Duncan, R.R., 1997. Tissue culture-induced variation and crop improvement. Adv. Agron., 58: 201-240. Gupta, P .K., 1998. Chromosomal basis of somaclonal variation in plants. In: Jain, S.M., Brar, D.S. and Ahloowalia, B.S., (Eds.). Somaclonal Variation and Induced Mutations in Crop Improvement, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 149-168. Huziwara, Y., 1962. Karyotype analysis in some genera of Compositae. VIII. Further studies on the chromosome of Aster. Amer. J. Bot. 49: 116-119. Jain, S.M. 1997a. Somaclonal variation and mutagenesis for crop improvement.. Maat-alouden tutkimuskeskuksen , Sirkka Immonen (Ed.), Vol. 18, pp. 122132. Jain, S.M., 2001, Tissue culture-derived variation in crop improvement. Euphytica, 118: 153-166. Jain, S.M., Brar, D.S., and Ahloowalia, B.S., (Eds.) 1998. Somaclonal variation and induced mutations in crop improvement. Kluwer Academic Publishers, UK.
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Vol. 13 NO.2
'iation in Rosa ~onsof Iran ~. J afari I and A.
I. genotypes from d. An experiment ete blr - S design, and. ..gelands, ster analysis were I' yield and also er weight and dry nch angel, flower and thorn density ng genotypes for re also observed d number. Using determined 61.64 al variation. The nged to the first cted for this trait. sed on the traits re is a significant ated from central khieved, through 1.
~ion, Multivariate
116, Tehran, Iran.
'aneh
Kaeppler, S.M., Phillips, R.L. and Olhoft, P., 1998. Molecular basis of heritable tissue culture-induced variation in plants. In: S.M. Jain, D.S. Brar and B.S. Ahloowa1ia (Eds.), Somaclonal Variation and Induced Mutations in Crop Improvement, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 467-486. Larkin, PJ. and Scowcroft, S.C., 1981. Somaclonal variation: a novel source of variability from cell cultures for plant improvement. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 60: 197-214. Micke, A., 1999. Mutations in plant breeding. In: B.A. Siddiqui, S. Khan (Eds.), Breeding in Crop Plants-Mutations and in vitro Mutation Breeding, Kalyani Publishers, Nee Delhi, India, pp. 1-19. Roth, R., Ebert, 1. and Schmidt, J., 1997. Trisomy associated with loss of mutation capacity in a long-term embryogenic cultures of Abies alba. Theor App1 Genet, 95: 353-358. Safarnej ad, A., Collin, H.A., Bruce, K.D. and McNeilly, T., 1996. Characterization of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) following in vitro selection for salt tolerance. Euphytica, 92: 55-61. Sku1a, P. and Misra, S.P., 1994. An introduction to taxonomy of angiosperms. VIKS Publishing House Put LTD, New Delhi, 256 P.P. Stace, c.A. 1984. Plant taxonomy and biosystematics. Pitman press, Bath, 382 P.P. Veilleux, R.E. and Johnson, A.A.T., 1998. Somaclona1 variation: Molecular analysis, transformation, interaction and utilization. Plant Breed. Rev.16: 229-268.
'.
Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research Vol. 13NO.2
IBreeding
226
Cytogenetic studies in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) somaclones following tissue culture A. Safarnejad I and S. Marvian
I
Abstract
I
~or
~ngCl3ndS I
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) grows extensively in farms and rangelands. In order to increase in vitro plant regeneration and salt tolerance in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), plants were regenerated from CUFIOl-IS genotype and seeds were produced. Chromosomes morphology was studied in three genotypes CUFlOI-IS, RegiS and Reg2S of Medicago, using their root meristem after fixation, hydrolysis and staining stages. The result showed that all three genotypes were 2n=4x=32. Karyotypic formula was SSM+ 7M +.1 AC in CUFI01-lS and were 12 M + 4SM in Reg2S. Total chromosomes length in CUF101-1S was 31.6 and the longest and the shortest chromosomes lengths were 3.2 and 1.2, respectively. These values were stimated 31.2, 3, 19 and 25.9, 2.4, 16 for RegiS and Reg2S, respectively.
ring &
I%' words
Medicago
sativa
L., Cytogenetic,
Tissue
culture
Somaclone. Ilgelands
1_ Khorasan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center P.o Box 114891735, Mashhad, Iran. E-mail:
[email protected]
and
~
.
