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MERCY JOHNSON. 5 Steps to U.S. Study. Willy is working. Richest. Actress in Nollywood .... But the Entrepreneurship Education as it is being practiced in the ...... selves. Robert. T. Kiyosaki says that it doesn't matter how many eyes a man has, what matters is what you can see ... ple get richer, they become less com-.
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Successful Entrepreneur The

INTERNATIONAL

AUGUST, 2015 VOL. 1 NO. 1

(PURELY INSPIRATIONAL & CATCHING THEM YOUNG) (MAIDEN EDITION) $2

N500

Preventive Healthmost neglected and yet mostessential

Real Meaning of

Entrepreneurship

?

Are thoughts really things

The 2014 World

Entrepreneurship

MERCY JOHNSON A VERY COMPASSIONATE ENTREPRENEUR

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Secrets of the African Richest Billionaire

Education

USA, Nigeria

5 Steps to U.S. Study

Meet2014

Willy is working

Richest Actress in Nollywood

T H E S U C C E S S F U L E N T R E P R E N E U R I N T. M A G A Z I N E

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news

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Do you consider yourself physically attractive? Are you always eager to share new ideas with people? Are you willing to create an impression in the sands of time? Do you usually see things from different perspective from many other people? 5. If the above are yes, then you must be a special breed created to change the society for good. 6. The successful Entrepreneurial magazine and in fact the society needs you. 7. Hurry; send your picture, contact and the most exciting ideas to The Editor, The successful Entrepreneur International C/o Bantu Plaza, Aroma junction, Awka. Anambra State. Email: [email protected] Tel: +2348034876850, 08094772165 MANAGEMENT

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Please Help The Needy: OPERATION SAVE OUR SOUL (SOS) 1.

Do you know that many people cannot afford any food to eat; any place to lay their heads; any cloth to cover their nakedness: any money to go to hospitals; anybody to pay their school fees? Do you know that extra food you threw away can be given to them; that money you call small can be very useful to them; that cloth you no longer use can be given to them? Do you know that love covers multitude of sins; love is best shown practical especially to that person who cannot pay you back; that givers never lack; The measure you give is the measure you receive?

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LOVE AND RESCUE THE NEEDY, CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION FOUNDATION is making a passionate appeal to you to donate generously to the needy members of the society.

CONTACT US: The Management, Love and Rescue the Needy Creativity and Innovation Foundation Email: [email protected] Tel: +2348034876850, 08094772165 C/o Bantu Plaza, Aroma junction, Awka. 02

FOREWORD

Entrepreneurship has been widely acclaimed as the wheel through which development of economies revolve. This was borne out of the fact that it has been tested by many economic giants of the world and found to be instrumental to the development of many economies. Dr. Alvin Chan - a Research Fellow in Asia reported that a recent survey in the city of Shanghai in China was carried out among Chinese youths. The results showed that being an entrepreneur especially in the field of computer and e-commerce is perceived as cool career and is an aspiration for many Chinese youths. The reporter continued that before now in China, being an entrepreneur was perceived as the outcome of one's inability to hold a good government job and those who dared to venture were often scorned at by their peers. These and more reasons accounted for the recent introduction of Entrepreneurship Education by the Nigerian Universities Commission (NUC). Entrepreneurship Education is aimed at equipping graduands with entrepreneurial values, attitudes and mental capacity for creative thinking and innovative behavior that can provoke their venture spirit to generate new ideas and ways of doing things. The introduction of Entrepreneurship Education into the Nigeria Education System is timely, now that there has been a persistent increase in the rate of employment in Nigeria especially among the graduate youths. This programme will further stimulate the interest of the undergraduates in acquiring the relevant skills to be able to cope in the employment industry. But the Entrepreneurship Education as it is being practiced in the tertiary institutions in Nigeria is still grossly inadequate. It is inadequate in the sense that only one aspect of the teaching and learning of the program is emphasized. The theoretical aspect of the program is fully covered but the practical aspect is still deficient. The students need to be practically exposed to learning activities that will acquaint them with the skills of creativity, innovation, idea generation, imagination, and other skills that are supposed to prepare them with entrepreneurial skills of apprenticeship to make sure that they possess the vital skills to be self-reliant and employable. The Successful Entrepreneur Magazine is poised with great passion and interest in bridging this gap by making sure that entrepreneurship achieves the desired objectives in the development of the Nigerian economy. The magazine will serve as a medium to reach out to these illequipped graduates who are roaring the streets of Nigeria with certificates that do not make them employable and self-reliant. Millions of Nigerians who do not have oppor tunities to be par t of Entrepreneurship Education the way it is handled now especially at the tertiary institutions would also benefit from the principles and as the magazine will be presenting in its many forthcoming editions. The contributors in the magazine, the Editorial Board as well as seasoned professors and educators in different disciplines are consultants in the magazine to ensure that it actually bridge the gap in Entrepreneurship Education in Nigeria. This will ensure that the mission and vision of Entrepreneurship Education would be effectively and efficiently achieved. You are therefore specially and greatly encouraged to read THE SUCCESSFUL ENTREPRENEUR INTERNATIONAL. I have no hesitation in recommending the magazine to everybody young and old, literate and illiterate, and irrespective of your professional affiliation. If you are also interested in joining the Association of Entrepreneurial Educators, you can contact the editor of the magazine for more direction . Prof. M.S. Sagagi, Protem Secretary, Association of Entrepreneurship Educators (AEE). Abuja Duly Recognized by National Universities Commission (NU

Contents 3: 4: 6: 7: 8:

Foreword Editorial, it is not late to start now Vision statement What is really Entrepreneur? Seven key factors critical to Entrepreneurial success 9: Misconceptions on Entrepreneurship and National development 10: Eat from the inspirational Green pot 10: Entrepreneur Rule the World 11: Characteristics of small –scale Entrepreneurs 11: Are thoughts really things? 12: Causes of poor academic performance of student in Tertiary Institutions. 14: Tips to students' Academic success. 15: Nigerian Entrepreneur. 16: Nigeria youth in Limbo! 17: Causes of poor academic performances of student in Tertiary Institutions 18: The CBN cashless and fraud reduction policy 20: Governor willie obiano is working in Anambra State 22: Nigeria's electoral decision 2015 24: 2015 election 26: The beauty nature of black 27: The faces of entrepreneurship 28: The positive effect of ASUU strike 29: Mercy Johnson a very compassionate Entrepreneur 30: Meet the Richest Nollywood Actresses for the year 2015 32: Preventive Health most neglected yet most essential 33: Premature Grey Hair causes and solutions 34: Danger of Alcoholism and Smoking among Youth 36: Alhaji Aliyu Dangote maintains top position as the 2015 African Richest Billionaire and Richest Black man in the world 39: The twelve steps to Holiness and Salvation 40: Know the book of your Bible 41: Dress codes 43: Low cost Agricultural start –ups in Nigeria 46: Top 10 highest paid soccer players 2015 50: The Nature of Nigeria Education System

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Editorial

“It Is Not Late To Start Now”

The issue of national and economic development in Nigeria has been a cause for concern for all and sundry especially the Nigerian leaders and patriots of different levels and backgrounds. The worry of the stakeholders is why Nigeria would be gifted in all the relevant resources vital in development yet achieving that desired level of development is still a mirage after 55 years of independence and 100 years of existence. This showed that Nigeria has proved that it takes more than mere potentials to transit to true greatness as Osisioma (2011) puts it. In the present dispensation, Nigeria is still weighed down by unfortunate interplay of factors, which seem insurmountable. The result of this trend reflects in such issues as high level poverty in Nigeria. In a report by Nnamani (2003), Nigeria is fully identified as sitting uncomfortably in the bowels of poverty and so earned the 154th of countries in the World Marginal Index (WMI). The World Bank report (2001) indicated that only one in every ten graduates get job, while the National Directorate of Employment (NDE) revealed that over 200,000 Nigerian graduates who completed the National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) in the last five years, remained unemployed. A more pathetic and remarkable issue according to popular views which is also highly worrisome is that by October this year, Nigeria would be celebrating 55 years of its independence. The nation is highly gifted with natural and material endowments. In the area of agriculture, products such as cotton, benniseed, Indies and slund, groundnut, cocoa, rubber, kola-nuts, palm oil, cashew, oil, gold, etc. the reports continued are all in surplus quantities in differ-

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ent parts of Nigeria. But the problem lies in the areas of harnessing these products for manufacturing process. Some people have made concerted efforts in the past to harness these resources for the national and economic development of the nation has been paralyzed at different stages of the process. A one-time respected nation with its tick population, abundant resources of envious levels, Nigeria have been described by critics as a failed state and according to Wole Soyinka Nigeria is “the open sore of the African continent.” Though these have been the experience in Nigeria, the fact remains that we have no other nation to call our own. We cannot claim another nation as our own but make the best of the nation we have to get what we need. Unemployment as one of the effects of underdevelopment has been a great problem in Nigeria. BBC News July 2013 reported that 195,000 jobs were created in the US in June 2013 alone- a figure which forecasters did not expect. This placed the US unemployment rate then at 7% while the rate of unemployment in Nigeria was 78%. The global economy is idea –driven, innovation and entrepreneurship are seen as inseparable bed fellows: The governments of many nations of the world are starting to realize that in order to sustain progress and improve a country's economy, the people have to be encouraged and trained to think out-of-thebox and be constantly developing innovative products and services. The conventional and once feasible ways of doing business no longer guarantee the future success of many economies. In view of this, Nigerian govern-

ment like other developed and developing countries of the world are now infusing creative thinking and innovation in their educational system and curriculum. The Nigerian government is cognizant of the necessity of imbibing the graduates with the mindset of enterprise and innovativeness in order to generate and realize new opportunities in the economy. The federal Government directed that Entrepreneurship Education be inj e c te d i n to t h e c u r r i c u l u m of University Education in Nigeria. One of the main objectives of this policy is to the students to harness opportunities in their immediate and remote environment to be self-reliant. Thus, generate as many jobs as possible instead of hanging around with their certificates waiting for unexciting jobs. Many universities and polytechnics now offer Bachelor of Science in Entrepreneurship, Diploma and Certificates Courses in Entrepreneurship. The whole idea is to produce students who graduate as job-creators and who can bring about economic growth and social transformation. This noble idea of the Federal Government of Nigeria like many of their strategies of national and economic development has been challenged by factors such as:  Poor facilities for practical training to students to augment the theoretical knowledge they receive in universities  Inequalities in access to educa-

tional opportunities in higher institutions of learning as a result of financial and other social problems. Poor knowledge of the trainers who impact the knowledge in higher institutions. Poor basic knowledge of entrepreneurial skills at the primary and secondary schools. etc. In view of the above problems, the successful Entrepreneurial Magazine has the passion and divine mandate to fill the above gaps by:  Creating avenues for the youths (to learn entrepreneurial) skills through seminars and workshops in schools, colleges, universities, churches, towns and villages.  Publishing educative information on entrepreneurship.  Organizing talk shows in televisions and radios, and other mass media. The whole idea is to “catch them young” enough so that the youths will grow with these skills and competencies so that the skills become part of them. Kidnapping, abduction, rapes, drug abuse such as which manifest in constant increase in: unemployment, crimes of different categories, death rates, infant mortality, to mention but a few, would have been reduced. The successful Entrepreneurial Magazine International promises to go beyond the chores of Nigeria to bring reliable, educative and highly inspiring news and information to spur the youths to action positively. Since the test of the pudding is in the eating, we encourage you to pick copies of this very attractive highly inspiring and greatly challenging magazine and you would not regret doing so. Thanks and Remain Ever Blessed.  

Agbionu Tina Uchenna Ph.D. Editor-In-Chief

Editorial Consultants

Editorial Crew

Prof. Pita. I. Ejiofor Prof. B.C. Osisioma

- Nigeria

Senior Staff Writers: Prof. E.O. Agbionu Rev. Fr. (Dr) Eugene Okoli Rev. Sis. Philia Okonkwo Rev. Fr. Steve Chukwu Mr. Godwin Okonkwo Dr Basilia I. Agbionu Rev. Sis. Ugonna Okonkwo-

Nigeria U.S.A U.S.A Nigeria Nigeria Nigeria U.S.A

Proof Reader:

Rev. Prof.Anayo Nkamnebe Prof. L. Osuagwu Barrister Ikenna Azubuike Prof. Emeka Ezike Prof. J.N. Muojekwu Prof. Elis Idemobi

Dr. Vera Okoli Senior Lecturer, Department of English/Literature,Nwafor Orizu Federal College of Education, Nsugbe.

Mr. Godwin Okonkwo. C. Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka.

ADVICE

Administrative Editor: Eze Amandiogu. C.

- Nigeria

Prof. Egwu. U. Egwu

INSPIRATIONAL

Editor In Chief: Dr. Tina Agbionu

Prof. C. S. Ige Prof. S. N. Ibenta

Veritas University, Abuja. Dean, Faculty of Management Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. Director of Entrepreneurship, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki. Professor of Management Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. Professor of Accountancy, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. Director of Business School, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. Director of Entrepreneurship, American University of Nigeria, Maiduguri. Legal Adviser. Professor of Finance, University of Lagos, Akoka. Professor of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Lagos. Director of Entrepreneurship, Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli.

Let's Keep on Moving If we can't fly, we run If we can't run, we walk If we can't walk, we crawl By all means, let us keep moving Together we get to our destination and build an enviable future Nigeria Agbionu Tina Uchenna, Ph.D.

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Vision Statement To be an excellent and global medium for disseminating life changing and highly inspiring ideas in a pragmatic, educative and simple informative style.

Readers' Comments:

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What is Really Entrepreneurship?

ENTREPRENEURSHIP/ INTRAPRENEURSHIP

Many people have tried to theoretically and practically explain the meaning of entrepreneurship in the academic and socio-economic environments. The definitions and meanings people ascribe to it are borne out of their understanding and encounter with the concept. The meanings given to this very important concept is very important because it is the meanings given to concepts which to a large extent influences people's understanding, appreciation and application of such concepts in solving the socio-economic problems of nations. Globally, ideas drive economies and this may have been the reason why innovation and entrepreneurship are often seen as inseparable bed follows. Many governments of many nations of the world have in the recent times realized that it is very vital to sustain progress and improve economic position of their country. To achieve this aim, these governments have started encouraging their people through different forms of training which exposes them to “thinking out-of-the-box and constantly developing innovative products and services”. This is because according to Chan “the once feasible ways of doing business are no longer guarantees for future economic success”. To achieve the above objective, these governments are gradually changing the contents of their curriculum that trains the youths in formal educational institutions. These changes involve infusing creative thinking and innovation in their nation's educational curriculum. In other words, their target centers on emphatically stressing the need to train future entrepreneurs in entrepreneurship skills and competences, in addition to the skeletal emphasis of entrepreneurship at the primary and secondary level of education; At this juncture, one may be tempted to know why the real meaning of entrepreneurship is an issue when there are as many definitions of the concept as there are many professions and authors in entrepreneurship. This again is even the more reason why concerted effort should be made towards looking for a consensus meaning of the concept. There is no accepted definition of entrepreneurship because different professions define it from their professional perspectives.

Dr. Tina Agbionu Senior Lecturer, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka

The economist sees an entrepreneur as one who brings resources, labor, materials and other assets and combines them so as to increase their value. The economists see entrepreneurship from the point of view of input invested and output realized. The psychologist on his own sees an entrepreneur as one who is moved by a strong desire to achieve his objectives. He has a need, motivated by that need; he works hard to achieve the need. He is moved by his values and positive attitudes that propel him to work hard to achieve his goals. An ordinary Business man or manager of an organization sees an entrepreneur as a big threat to his products and services. The entrepreneur here is seen as an aggressive competitor who must be stopped at all costs. The Investors in business enterprises see an entrepreneur as “an ally, someone good to invest in”. While the capitalist philosopher is a person who creates wealth and generates employment for others, he reduces waste in production process and can make the society to be happy (Vesper, 1980). The above analysis explains the inability of experts to arrive at a consensus meaning of entrepreneurship from definition point of view. Looking for a more generally acceptable form of the meaning of entrepreneurship is highly imperative. Practical emphasis is laid at the tertiary institutions. This agrees with the statement by Idike (2011) which stated that Entrepreneurship Education which was introduced by Nigerian Universities Commission (NUC) into the Nigerian Universities is aimed at “equipping graduates with entrepreneurial values, attitudes and mental capacity for creative thinking and innovative behavior that can provoke their venture spirit to generate new ideas and ways of doing things”. According to him, this programme is timely especially now that the rate of graduate unemployment is rising on a geometrical progression. He concluded by saying that “time has come for graduates to find ways of creating jobs and generating wealth not only for themselves but also for others”. Some countries of the world have equally taken this initiative to the primary and secondary schools. Studies funded by Kauffmen centre for entrepreneurial leadership reported by Chan, found that “nearly seven out of 10 youths (aged 14-19) were interested in becoming entrepreneurs”. The result of the same survey showed “that being an entrepre-

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THE TORCH MAGAZINE

neur is now the choice of the new generation as compared to the preferred career choice of yester years such as being a doctor, lawyer or a fighter pilot”. Dr. Chan observed that with this change in mindset and the relative knowledge that entrepreneurs bring forth increased job creations, there has been tremendous awareness in academic studies in the area of entrepreneurship. In view of the foregoing, many courses are being developed in the areas of entrepreneurship and innovation. There has also been a new development in the area of entrepreneurship. Such jargons as netpreneur, biotechpreneur, technopreneur, healthpreneur, agropreneur and multipreneur are coined to keep up with the ever-changing times and business conditions that surround us. As a result of these developments, there is need for the traditional definitions of entrepreneurship to be restructured and redefined to accommodate these recent developments. This is necessary because Bygrave & Hofer 1991 p. 13 stated that “Good science has to begin with good definitions. He stated that “without proper definitions, it will be laborious for policy makers to develop successful programs to inculcate entrepreneurial qualities in their people and organizations within their country”. Dr. Chan in trying to bring out clearly the meaning of entrepreneurship presented a definition which according to him was coined by Joseph Schumpeter in 1934. He stated that the entrepreneur is one who applies “innovation” within the context of the business to satisfy unfulfilled market demand. This definition points out the fact that an entrepreneur is an innovator who practically carries out change by making sure that new product and services are combined to satisfy customers. These new combinations according to Chan can be in form of: 1. The introduction of new goods or standard of quality

2. The introduction of a novel method of production 3. The opening of a new market 4. The acquisition of a new organization in any industry In agreement to the views expressed above, Egwu (2011) stated that “the concept of entrepreneurship is better understood by looking at its characteristics rather than on an agreed definition since there is none”. According to him, the entrepreneurs behave in peculiar ways which include the following: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Penchant for demonstrating initiative Creative thinking and imagination Ability to organize social and economic mechanisms Ability to turn resources and situations to practical uses and account 5. Seeing opportunities where others do not and 6. Accepting risks and failure From the above, the successful Entrepreneur magazine borrows a leaf from the views expressed by Egwu (2011) as a working definition which will help our readers to understand clearly the concept of entrepreneurship. To him, an entrepreneur is “a person who sees opportunities where others cannot; he is a problem solver, a creative genius, an innovator, wealth generator (not money master) an inventor, one who produces jobs for others”. He concluded by saying that all these qualities can be found in one person or in many people at a time. In conclusion, we found that the real meaning of entrepreneurship does not lie in the definitions but on the qualities that distinguishes entrepreneurs from other people. It is important to note that the fact that individuals possess one skill or the other does not make them entrepreneurs. This also means that establishing skill acquisition centres are not synonymous to establishing entrepreneurship centres.

SEVEN KEY FACTORS CRITICAL TO ENTREPRENEURIAL SUCCESS Being successful is essential in entrepreneurship because it is success that is used to measure the achievement of the objectives. An entrepreneur is usually mindful about the possibilities and extent of success he will make in any venture. This is why takes his time to engage in critical analysis of his strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that are inherent in any entrepreneurial activity he is interested into. Unlike an economist who takes his time analyzing the risks involved so as not to lose, an entrepreneur though a risk taker engages in brief but constructive analysis of the risks involved and without reaching to the level of paralysis by analysis (Lebeaouf, 1989), he closes his eyes to all other risks and takes the” bull by the hone.” It is very vital here to note that some level of risks is necessary for the survival of any entrepreneurial venture. It is passion and interest of the entrepreneur coupled with some level of risks and of course an assurance of the opportunities in the business environment that propel the entrepreneur into launching into the new venture. An entrepreneur is a result-oriented person who dares all the challenges to engage into a new venture with the view to succeed.

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Okonkwo Godwin. C.

Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka

Some factors are critical to the success of entrepreneurs. These factors according to Osisioma (2009) are as follows: 1. Focused: Entrepreneurs should be focused in the objectives they set for themselves 2. Fast: Successful entrepreneurs make decisions quickly and implement them swiftly. 3. Flexible: To be successful, entrepreneurs must be flexible in their actions. They should be adaptable to changes in their environments 4. Forever Innovating: Innovation is a very crucial aspect of entrepreneurship. To be successful, entrepreneurs should be forever innovative in all their activities. 5. Flat: To be successful, entrepreneurial organizations should be flat in their operations. Being flat enables organizations to quickly and promptly respond to the needs of the customers and be adaptive to the changing funds in business environment. 6. Frugal: Being frugal connotes maximizing overhead costs and increasing the productivity of entrepreneurial organizations. Reduction in costs and increase in productivity enhance both gross and net profits. 7. Friendly: Successful entrepreneurs are approachable and have effective listening abilities to their customers, suppliers, and workers. These give them edges over their competitors.

family

Misconceptions on Entrepreneurship/ Intrapreneurship and National Development Introduction Entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship are two key concepts that are very vital in the socioeconomic growth and development of any nation. They are both vital because of indispensable roles they play in the growth and development of many national and international economies. They are able to play those crucial roles because of the unique characteristics they possess among all other variables in the growth and development of economies globally. These peculiar characteristics and qualities of entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs which make them the inventors, innovators, the creators of new products and services and the special class of people in society who see opportunities for job creation and wealth generation, when other people are blind (Egwu, 2011) are the crux of the clamor in the recent times that the youths who are agents of growth and development should have attitudinal change so as to dispose themselves to those qualities in order to be entrepreneurs/ intrapreneurs who are relevant and effective in the growth and development agenda of global economies. In the recent time, countries especially the developing and underdeveloped countries have embraced entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship as the wheel upon which their economy revolves. Their decision was based on the roles of entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship in the transformation of many economies of the world. The CRIBA countries for instance have a lot of positive stories to tell about the magical role embracing entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship played in transforming their economies from rags to riches. The CRIBA countries are China, Russia, India, Belgium and Argentina. These countries embraced entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship and they have become the envy of other countries in the area of economic

transformation and stabilization. China for instance which used to be mocked for their poor economy is now the envy of many giants of the world even the United States of America. The countries that benefitted from entrepreneurship were not the only ones that embraced it but the issue lies in the proper understanding of the meaning, implementation and other involvements in the implementation of the policy. Many countries like Nigeria have misconceptions about the meaning of entrepreneurship and all the involvement in its proper implementation. One may be tempted to wanting to know how the real meaning of entrepreneurship is misunderstood at various levels in Nigeria. Entrepreneurship is unique and so its teaching and learning should also be unique. A situation where its teaching is tailored to the former lecture method of teaching and learning which has been in use in institutions without helping to achieve self-reliance objective amounts to efforts in futility. The curriculum of entrepreneurship should be structured in such a way as to give room for entrepreneurs in training to have practical method of assessing that the entrepreneurial skills they are being exposed to are being acquired. Our discussion on the real meaning and practical implementation of entrepreneurship shall be based on the peculiar characteristics and qualities that make them stand out from other business improvement strategies as advocated by Egwu (2011). Egwu (2011) emphatically stated that entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship can do the magic of national and economic development when they are seen from their roles as inventors, innovators the creators of new products, and services and the special class of people in the society who see opportunities for job creation and wealth generation, when other people are blind.

Prof. Cyril S. Ige

Veritas University, Abuja

1. Inventors: successful entrepreneurs are inventors. Inventors creatively and intuitively bring things into existence through high level and constructive idea generating ability and imagination. 2. Innovators: successful entrepreneurs are not people with vocational skills such as tailoring, painting, carpentry; instead they look into open environments to scan opportunities. When they see these opportunities, they design or redesign products or services to fill such gaps. They transform common products and services to unique ones. 3. Creators of new products and services: successful entrepreneurs are not shop owners, business owners or skill acquisition experts as many people take them to be. They are people who bring things into being through intuition, imagination and idea generation ability. They nurture these creations and watch them grow from scratch through growth and development to maturity and stabilization. 4. Opportunity identifiers and job creators: successful entrepreneurs are silent people not noise makers. They scan for opportunities in the environment. They see where other people seem to be blind. They design products and services to fill such gaps and opportunities in order to create job opportunities for people thereby creating job for them. A Special Call: The above is not exhaustive on the unique characteristics and qualities of entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs. They have been provided as a guide, to educate the youths on what entrepreneurship is and is not. You must not have a special skill or money to be an entrepreneur or intrapreneur. All you need are the basic qualities. Some of these qualities are inborn while some are acquired. Examine yourself properly and see where you can start from for it is not late to start now. Good Luck and God Bless You All.

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interview

Eat from the Inspirational

Green Pot

An adage goes thus “study the ways of the ants and be wise”. Very many people want to make it in life but some people are afraid to pay the price. Two of them do not go together. Truth is bitter and it must be said. No wonder the bible said that you shall know the truth and it shall set you free. Many youth these days wants to make it but lack the required attitude of becoming successful. Attitude ac-

STRATEGIES OF ENTREPRENEURIAL SUCCESS FROM 18 NOTABLE AND WEALTHIEST PEOPLE IN HISTORY

cording to is everything. Positive attitudes draw people closer and closer to success while negative attitudes draw people away from success. Positive attitudes energize, inspire, motivate and activate the talents hidden in people and make them to stand all adds so as to aspire higher and achieve their goals. Below are the strategies the Eighteen Wealthiest People in history had applied in their different situations

which worked out for them. 1. Your unhappy customers are your greatest source of learning” - Bill Gates. 2. “Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life” – Steve Jobs. 3. “Failure is the only opportunity to begin again more intelligently” Henry Ford. “Done is better than perfect” – Mark Zuckerberg.

ENTREPRENEURS Rule the World

Mr. Emma Okonkwo

Data Base Academy, Aba

Entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship have been found to play critical roles in the growth and development of giant economies of the world (Egwu, 2011). The unique qualities the entrepreneurs possess dispose them to be timely innovators, value creators, inventors, risk bearers; opportunity discovers where others seem not to

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see anything. These qualities equip them with the potentials and capabilities to make transformational impacts in any economy or nation they found themselves in. According to Egwu (2011) “entrepreneurs rule the economies of their nations and those nations with the highest number of innovators at any point in history are the ones

that rule the world” Supporting the above assertion, it has been found that without innovations and inventions, new products, services and processes for the market will dry up and the economy will collapse. In the early 1930s, Schumpter (1934) had linked innovation and inventions to the entrepreneur.

interview

CHARACTERISTICS OF

SMALL-SCALE ENTREPRENEURS Mr . Tony Okonkwo

Topline Investments Limited, Lagos

Small scale entrepreneurs are those entrepreneurs who engage in entrepreneurial ventures at a small scale level. Usually, it is advisable to venture in entrepreneurial activities at a small scale level. The advice is to aim high, start small and grow gradually. Starting small is usually advised due to the fear intending entrepreneurs experience especially in the areas of capital to start, possession of entrepreneurial skills and capabilities to manage large ventures and other numerous start-up challenges. Small scale entrepreneurs possess such characteristics which help them to break through the initial start-up phobia. Such characteristics according to Desai (2008) include the following: 1. They are usually young people. 2. They are energetic/ zealous/ enthusiastic. 3. They have minimum basic educa-

tion. 4. They are pleasant mannered. 5. They are hardworking 6. They are determined. 7. They are systematic. 8. They are self-made people. 9. They are self-confident. 10. They are discip lined. 11. They fellow planned approach 12. They are trained/experienced 13. They have entrepreneurial zeal 14. They have meager capital 15. Their area of operation is small 16. Generally they deal in one product 17. They employ few people 18. Their turn over is small. 19. They are flexible 20. They are determined people.

up challenges do not be devastated. Never allow that burning desire in you to die. Do not be discouraged by pessimists who would want to exploit the situation and dissuade you from pursing that idea in you. At this stage, what you need to do is to consult experts to ensure that your idea is flexible. They can help you to do some kind of idea analysis, assessment and direction. Once they ascertain that your idea is flexible, and then you can start with your meager resources. If really some entrepreneurial qualities of creativity, innovation, determination, commitment and dedication are strong in you, you must surely succeed. That passion and interest which are strong in you would sustain you until the enterprise grows into a large Note: If you notice that there is a burn- business. Even after it has grown, do ing desire in you to go into an entre- not relax still, you need to be consispreneurial venture but your problem tent in your hard work so that you suchas to do with capital and other start- ceed fully and finally be sustained.

ARE

THOUGHTS REALLY THINGS? Dr. Tina Agbionu

Senior Lecturer, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka

The concept of entrepreneurship has actually come to stay and indeed stay in a very big way because of the critical roles it plays in the growth and

development of economies all over the world. The countries that embraced entrepreneurship and made it the wheel on which their economy re-

volves took a very big bold step in the right direction. The sharp and sustained transformations in their national economies are practical evidences to buttress their claims. A typical example of such a country is China. Originally, China is one of the countries that were noted for her poverty and poor quality goods and services. But with the adoption of entrepreneurship in the real sense of it, China is today one of the giants of the world economically. Many great countries of the world today visit China to

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inerview/cover

THE TORCH MAGAZINE

share the ideas that were instrumental to the transformation of their economy. Many other countries would have been like China but because of their misunderstanding of what entrepreneurship really is. While many people erroneously believe that entrepreneurship is about teaching and learning skills for selfemployment, Hill (2010) stated that TRULY, “thought are things” and powerful things at that, when they are mixed with definitiveness of purpose, persistence, and a burning desire for their translation into riches, or other material objects. The above statements of Hill emphasize the fact that for thoughts to really become things, they must be accompanied by such characteristics as definitiveness of purpose, persistence, and a burning desire for their translation into riches. He gave practical example of Edwin C. Barnes who suddenly discovered how true it is that men really do think and grow …… According to Hill, Barnes' discovery did not come about at one sitting. It came little by little, beginning with a burning desire to become a business associate of the great Edison. When thought come your way, you may harbor it without having any opportunity to act upon it at that time. You may even wish to act upon it by then but problems may be obstacles on your way. But it should not discourage you at all because the thoughts in you then were not ordinary thoughts after all. The next stage after showing desire is to make a bold step in the right direction. Do not be afraid to make the first move, the first move may seem discouraging but never accept defeat. You must constantly nurture the idea with great interest and passion so that it will not die. Always be guided by this popular statement that winners do not quit and quitters do not win. With constant contact with your idea, an opportunity must surely come and when it eventually comes it may be bigger and greater than the first one. The problem we have in Nigeria is that youths do not have definite purpose in mind. The reason is simple. Many of them do not engage themselves into deep thought that can provoke the generation of ideas. Many of them simply look at what others are doing and just copy them without critical analysis of the involvements. There is no need to mention the issue of persistence because; there was no idea at all. Any action which is not backed up by an original idea will definitely crumble at the slightest obstacle. This is because there would be no interest and passion to sustain the action. Thoughts are really things if they are accompanied by the characteristics of originality, interest, passion and persistence. The Successful Entrepreneur Magazine International therefore calls on the youths to engage in deep thoughts that will encourage idea generation. When ideas are generated, it leads to imagination. A thorough imaginative process properly and adequately handled leads to creative thinking and innovation. Creative thinking and innovation ultimately give birth to new products and services that would be used for filling the identified gaps.

GENERAL EDUCATION

CAUSES OF

Dr. Roseline Anazodo

Lecturer, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka

POOR ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS

The academic performance of students after examination remains a vital issue which occupies a very important position in Education as well as in the learning process. The essence of engaging into any academic pursuit is for success. The end point of teaching and learning is either success or failure. Success is usually emphasized because nobody would ordinarily bargain for failure directly but it is an objective that people indirectly set for themselves. Both success and failure have their conditions. Students achieve the end product of whichever they prepared for and fulfill its conditions. Nobody prepares and fulfills the conditions for success and gets failure

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and vice versa. Though accidents may occur in rare cases that one prepares for and fulfills the conditions for success and gets failure and vice versa but this is one out every one thousand cases. The extent of performance is the criteria for judging peoples achievement of objectives. According to Nurthana and Yenagi (2009), academic performance is considered as a key criterion to judge students' total potentials and capabilities which are frequently measured by the examination results. Students are the key assets of universities and their performance plays a vital role in producing the best quality, effective and efficient graduates who will be-

come the great leaders of tomorrow and future man-powers of their country. One of the major factors considered by employers in hiring workers especially the fresh graduates is the academic achievement of such graduates. However, students have to apply the greatest effort in their studies to obtain excellent grades and to prepare themselves for future opportunities and challenges in their career and at the same time to fulfill the employer's demand. One thing is to become a student, another is to take the challenges of being a student and evaluate your academic performance as a student from time to time. It is very vital to chip in here that every stu-

cover dent is faced with two major performance options; either good performance or poor performance and the choice of performance depends solely on the level of efforts one puts in. Every student is always anxious and excited to see his result after every examination. This puts the student in a state of anxiety, dilemma and unquenchable thought as to whether he will fail or pass such examination, especially in a situation when the student did not prepare well for such examination. The student is always thrown in a state of dilemma of predicting his/her category of option between two categories of options of every examination. The options which are either “Failure” or “Success” one must be the result whether the student likes it or not. Sometimes a student may write great number of pages of foolscap or answer script in a particular subject or course thereby having the full confidence of successfully excelling in such examination, but at the end, the result of such examination may show a reverse or opposite of the student's expectation. In such circumstance, the student may end up being disappointed and frustrated. In such regard, some students may seek for the remarking of their scripts and after remarking the scripts, their scores may go down below their former scores. The successful Entrepreneur International is not comfortable with this ugly trend which negatively affects the students' academic excellence; however it has left no stone unturned to search and discover some of the causes of poor academic performance among students in higher institutions. Our Education correspondent went out to ascertain the reasons why students' academic performance in the recent times has not been encouraging. A summary of the report disclosed to The Successful Entrepreneur that students do fail in their examinations due to their poor reading habit and poor attitude to teaching and learning process. The report stated that for a student to excel in any examination, a high level of seriousness must be

found in such a student's life; such student must always read varieties of books, make researches, attend lectures and equally read ahead of his lecturers. But the reverse is the case with students of nowadays especially students of tertiary institutions. The report made it clear that majority of the students does answer the examination questions contrary to the requirements of the questions. This arises because they do not read their books and some of them do not attend lectures while some do use wrong grammars and incorrect spellings; some even do not write anything at-all. They will just put down their names and registration number on the script and submit back to the lecturer. Some of them that are fraudulent even sneak their examination scripts out of the examination hall if they did not write anything only to come back and claim their scores from the lecturers. The report further opined that students can improve their academic performance through effective reading skill, efficient time management, proper planning and full concentration in their studies, because he who fails to plan, plans to f a i l . C l a i r e S h a w i n www.theguardian.com listed some of the causes of poor academic performance as follows: 1. Panic and Procrastination: it is no doubt that procrastination is a thief of time and a lazy man's stature. He who procrastinates can never achieve anything in life because procrastination is a brother to laziness. In the words of Amber Regis, a Lecturer in 19th Century Literature at University of Sheffied, sometimes a task can feel so overwhelming that it is difficult to begin, procrastination takes over and you just can't seem to get anything done. The bare white page is a formidable foe when it stares back to you untouched. At this juncture, students are advised to try not to panic nor procrastinate but to protect and manage their examination preparation time efficiently. They should not put off getting started. 2. Lack of Analysis: too much words but no point is meaningless. It

can be tempting to the students to parrot everything they know when writing examination answers. For you to demonstrate your understanding, you must engage critically with your source material and always assume an informed reader. To fulfill these criteria, you must favor Analysis. 3. Poor Planning: some students fail examinations because they lack effective and efficient planning skills especially when supplying their answers to examination questions. It is always vital that you do not jump the gun in any examination. According to Bhavik Patel, a Lecturer in Physical and Analytical Chemistry at University of Brighton, students are advised to take five to ten minutes to read through the question paper and plan the questions they are going to answer in order of how confident they feel in that subject area. They should make sure that they secure the marks on the questions that they find easiest to them by answering those questions first before attempting questions that are more difficult because the later may often make them lose confidence and time during examination conditions. 4. Over-Cramming and Not Reading Properly: cramming of answers before examination is not the better way to prepare an examination. It has been discovered that students do rehearse /cram answers in their head. This is a wrong method of preparing for examination because 75percent of what is being crammed is being forgotten in the examination hall. Also what the students rehearsed in their heads before coming to the examination hall may not be the required answer to the question asked. Sometimes questions that require students to think and reflect under timed conditions may be asked, but the students often pick up key words in the questions and supply rehearsed answers instead of taking time to read well and reflect upon the questions. 5. Focusing on Word Counts: students are often more concerned with quantity rather than quality. The best essays are those that demonstrate evidence of personal re

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10

family

TIPS

TO STUDENTS' ACADEMIC

SUCCESS Dr. Pauline Agbo

Federal Government Girls' College, Abuloma, Port-Harcourt

Success according to www.freedictionary.com is the achievement of something desired, planned or attempted. It is the ability or capacity to overcome failure in life through the attainment of a greater height. Every student is faced with two compulsory academic options in life; which are either success or failure. Your choice of option depends solely on your level of academic effort. Every student also has a planned or desired goal to achieve in life; some may have the desire to become Medical Practitioners, Legal Practitioners, Accountants, Engineers, Nurses, Managers, Teachers, Ambassadors, Commissioners and lots more. One or more of these may be your planned career objective as a student. However, your ability to achieve such objective implies success while your inability to achieve it signifies failure which according to Henry Ford is the ability to begin again more intelligently. Many students have the strong desire to succeed academically in life, but the means to achieve this success remains a big challenge to them. Some students in Nigeria tertiary institutions have failed to graduate the same year with their colleagues as a result of failure in one course or the other; while some have taken many carry over examinations and continued to take more as a result of continuous failure in one course or the other. The burning question that may arise herein is “are these students not destined to succeed in life?” the correct answer to this question is “NO” because everyone is destined to succeed but your ability to achieve your success depends on your level of approach to it. God Almighty loves everyone and gives everyone his own talent according to one's ability. But two things are certain here; one is to receive the talent, the other is to either develop it or bury it underground. Some students have succeeded academically because they developed their God-given talent at the right time; while some have failed and continued to fail because they buried their talent underground. It is so frustrating to see some students of nowadays stay in University for more than ten good years non-graduated. In such circumstance, the money and resources of the innocent parents which are good for further investment are being looted and wasted. THE SUCCESSFUL ENTREPRENEUR INTERNA-

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TIONAL is not happy with this ugly trend, hence the need for this article. In its effort to curtail this trend if not totally eradicated, it has suggested some best tips to Academic Success which every student that knows what education is all about must follow to succeed in life. The tips are as follows: 1. KNOW YOUR GOD: God Almighty is the giver of all knowledge and wisdom, and all success comes from God. For you to succeed as a student, you must put God first in all things. This concurs with the teaching of our Lord Jesus Christ in Mathew 6:33 when He commanded us to seek first the Kingdom of God and its Righteousness, then all other things shall be added unto us. The Book of Proverb 16:3 says “commit to the Lord whatever you do and your plans will succeed”. At this juncture, it is quite obvious and crystal clear that Education without God is fruitless and meaningless. For one to succeed academically, he must be in peace with God. It is very vital to chip in here that prayer is the key to success; however when you are in peace and unity with God, your prayers can be easily answered. A prayer-less student is a powerless student, thus you are advised to pray without ceasing. 2. DETERMINATION: for you to succeed as a student, you must be fully determined with your academic activities because determination leads to success. The zeal of Education must be found in you and everything you do must go with full commitment and seriousness. Set-up your plan and be determined to achieve it. Decide within you that you are equal to the task and work towards achieving the task. 3. ATTEND LECTURES: For you to succeed academically, you must be willing to attend lecture classes because no one knows everything. Attend lecture classes and ask questions to your lecturer wherever you did not understand; it will help you to improve on your academic performance. 4. TAKE DOWN NOTES IN CLASSES: Some students of nowadays have formed the habit of not taking down some notes whenever a lecture is going on. It is a bad wind which blows no student good because in every hundred-percent of what the lecturer said in the class, eighty-

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five percent are being forgotten before examination, but through taking down of lecture notes, one can recall back during revision period. However note-taking is very essential for any student that needs academic success. 5. VISIT YOUR SCHOOL LIBRARY: Many students do not attend their school library even for once until they graduate from school. This is because they do not know the importance of library to students. Library is an information and research centre where students and Academics do go to update their academic knowledge. Show me a student that does not go to library and I will show you the student that performs poorly in Academic activities. 6. MAKE USE OF YOUR COURSE TEXTBOOKS/ HANDOUTS: Do not ignore or underrate any textbook or handout recommended by your lecturer. Buy them and read them well and see the good performance that accompanies it. Some students do fail exams because they have no regard for the textbooks and handouts recommended by their lecturers. 7. STUDY AFTER SCHOOL AND AT NIGHT: There is power and great advantage in night reading. Some students do not read at night because they are lazy while some are not used to it. The best way to understand what a lecturer taught in class is to consult your lecture notes after school and mostly at night. If you adopt such strategy, you will see yourself excelling academically above your mates.

8. GET TO KNOW YOUR ACADEMIC MENTORS AND ADVISERS: Any student that must succeed academically must have an Academic Adviser who will guide and direct such student. Such student must listen to and heed the advice of his Academic mentor. There are people ahead of you whom you must copy from because most of them have passed through your level and succeeded. 9. CHOOSE A READING PARTNER: Do not depend on your own personal knowledge because two heads are better than one and a tree cannot make a forest. Choose reading partners and share knowledge with them. There are things you do not know which others know very well and there are things others do not know which you know more than them. Exchange knowledge with others and you will not regret doing so. Remember that the person who tries to live alone will not succeed as a human being. His heart withers if it does not answer another heart. His mind shrinks away if he hears only the echoes of his own thoughts and finds no other inspiration. 10. MANAGE YOUR TIME EFFECTIVELY: One of the problems and challenges facing students is lack of effective and efficient time management. A student who does not manage his time very well will end up achieving nothing at the end of a semester. For you to succeed academically as a student, you must draw your daily timetable for your studies and other daily activities.

YOUTH AND CAREER DEVELOPMENT who have overcome obstacles and persevered to establish and grow successful companies. They come from Africa, Latin America and the Middle East IN and work in a variety of sectors ranging from education, martial arts and security services. In the manufacturing and distribution sector, Mauritius' Maya Sewnath of SSS furniture; Manufactures tailor-made wooden furniture using local raw materials and specializes in the weeding and children's market also made the final cut. Other African women, who made the finals, include Thiane Diagne, Jour J Couture, Senegal and Angelica M. Runsey Bites Ltd., Zambia. From the Services sector, Divine Ndhulula of Securico Security Services, Zimbabwe and Renay van der Berg of Procomm, South Africa completed the list of African women in the final list. Other finalists include: Lorena Maria Eugenia Picasso of Somno, Argentina; Kelly Dantas de Vasconcelos, Universidad da Crianca, Brazil; Tracy Antoinette Green Douglas of Pandama Retreat, Guyana and Lina Jalil Khalifeh of Shefighter, Jordan. Where are our own women? Where

NIGERIAN ENTREPRENEUR

LARA COOKEY MAKES UNCTAD'S WOMEN BUSINESS AWARDS FINAL Nigerian innovative designer, who has special focus on early education, Lara Cookey has made it to the finals of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development's (UNCTAD) Empretec Women in Business Awards. Her Context play Matrix Ltd., design educational toys and recreational tools for early child development, including learning materials, playground equipment furniture. Five other African women who made it to the final stage of the awards are given every two years to celebrate exceptional women entrepreneurs who have benefited from the U N C TA D ' s E m p r e t e c t r a i n i n g programme. A maximum of three nominations are received from each of the 36 national Empretec centers across the world. According to a statement by UNCTAD, the finalists are individuals

are the female entrepreneurs who have distinguished themselves in many areas of life? The Successful Entrepreneur International uses this medium to encourage women entrepreneurs in Nigeria. Do not be shy, come up and showcase your God-given talent to the whole world. Read the Successful Entrepreneur International regularly. We promise to provide you with the correct update on Successful Women Entrepreneurial Awards.

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NIGERIAN YOUTHS IN LIMBO! Rev.fr (Dr.) Eugene Okoli, USA.

Emptiness stares today's Nigerian youth in the face. They have ideas but there seems to be no fertile soil on which to sow the seeds of their imagination. They have hopes but they are far from being realized. They are a bundle of promises and possibilities but have little or no opportunity to actualize their dreams. The scavenging for a few jobs in the Immigration Service on March 15 that led to the sad event of the untimely death of youthful Nigerians brings a sour taste on the mouth of Nigeria as a nation. Over 62,000 able bodied, vibrant Nigerians were asked to come write aptitude tests for less than 7,000 job openings. Needless to say that no crowd control measures were put in place and far less desirable was the comment of the Minister after the tragedy. Rather than focus on the poor leadership role of his department in organizing the event, he blamed the dead for dying as a result of impatience. The prospective applicants could have been asked to write the tests from their respective states of origin and results collated for the final test. This is just one of the few cases of the many abuses and bleak future that the Nigeria youth face today. It is not easy to articulate a reflection on any issue without focusing on the negatives that fill the Nigerian air. But the challenges ahead are far more crucial than the setbacks that befall us as a nation. The Nigerian youth is at the cross road of history: To settle for the status quo or keep believing for a better future is probably their greatest challenge.

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1. The Challenge facing Education today Many have been told that education is the key to the door of success. It is no doubt a powerful instrument of socialization to political and economic par ticipation process. Education is an industry. Families spend fortunes sending and seeing their children and relatives through schools with little or no dividends to show at the end. Some sell family properties and mortgage lands and valuables to sponsor their children or relatives to earn a degree. At the end of first degree there is no job in sight. Many in this population are advised to register for postgraduate programs instead of staying idle. Arguably Nigerian Universities and other tertiary institutions produce the highest population of graduates in the sub-Saharan Africa with less than half employed. Probably Nigeria has the highest number of unemployed First and Masters' degree holders in the world. At no time is a reform needed in education than now. Teachers and technocrats in the education industry must think outside the box. Time for rote learning is gone. Technology is key to research in the education landscape of today. The era of word-of –mouth teaching without tools is not feasible anymore. Investments and efforts must be channeled that will focus on career paths and self-employment in the college and university curricula. This should be a great source of concern to those in the education sector of the economy and the first task of the

government. Schools must produce graduates who can participate and compete in the fast changing global economy. It is the belief of every country that its brightest future depends on i t s yo u t h . A n y c o u n t r y 's b e s t workforce is the youth. But this fulcrum of the labor force has not been harnessed and tapped in the Nigerian case. This is labor wasted and lost. There is no enabling environment for self-actualization for the youth. The few that get hired must be seriously connected or may have bribed their way through in cash or kind. Many Nigerians are so fed up they are willing to send their children to neighboring Ghana and other countries and pay higher tuitions than secure admission within where there is intermittent interruption of school days. The few that have hands-on ability have little or no support in equipment they need to become selfemployed. 2. Exposed to Scandal and Abuse Nigerians youth are exposed to abuse and scandal from politicians, civil servants, and those in the private sector. Looting the treasury and common funds is almost a daily headline on the national news keeping EFCC always on the edge. Conspicuously scandalous is the salary and benefits of the lawmakers and others who are paid in foreign currency while they live and work in Nigeria. Some members of the said chambers have not for once sponsored a bill or even said a word on behalf of their constituenc i e s s i n c e b e i n g e l e c te d . B u t Nigerians pay them or actually they pay themselves for their ineptitude and mediocrity. A fraction of their annual salaries and remunerations and compensations can help tremendously in subsidizing tuitions in schools and in job creation. The youth know and see this. Nigerian youth live on the brink of despair. They have a choice to follow the scandal they are socialized in or rebrand what their own personal and collective Nigeria will look like. No one can live without

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hope. When a nation fails to utilize its strongest asset, it loses its virility and vibrancy. Cynicism and degeneration set in. Pollution of the mindset and negativity become the rule. Personal belief is diminished and self-doubt creeps in. No nation can expect to reap where it did not sow. when a nation fails to put its citizens to good use, some citizens definitely must put themselves to bad use in the face of meaninglessness. 3. Beginning of good works St Augustine said that the beginning of good works is the confession of evil ones. He said this long ago but this adage is still true today. Leadership seems to fail Nigeria in all aspects. We can begin to see baby-step changes when the general after all it is public money mentality begins to shift. Nigeria as a nation can begin to reverse the trend if and when we begin to be accountable for the imperfections that confront us a nation. It is the responsibility of the politicians and civil leaders to implement the existing laws and initiate positive control measures to divest themselves of pervasive corruption that ravages everyday political and economic life. Accountability has to begin in every sector. Practical, transparent accountability of any public

interest must be the order of the day. Those in leadership owe it the electorate and stakeholders. The led must demand it. 4. Poor Role Modeling Role models are in short supply. Nigerian youth have little or nothing to look up to. Theirs is a bleak future. The prevalence of crime in general, armed robbery, kidnapping, terrorism, and moral decadence in particular cannot be dissociated from the government's inability to keep its youth off the streets by engaging them meaningfully. As I am getting to hand in this article, the news of the bomblast greeted Nigerians in Abuja today resulting in loss of innocent lives. This is tragedy we live with and soon it will be business as usual. Employment is one sure way of reducing crime rate in the society. Every day the youth see politicians who do not nothing to justify their position but drive around in exotic cars and live lavishly. No society can move forward where a class of people is above the law and expect others to keep same. It is out of order to expect differently from the youth when they see the law broken with impunity. As long as we hail and worship those who loot the treasury as kings and princes, the bad seed of corruption is

succeeding itself. We are daily losing our best workforce and potentials to foreign countries on daily basis. So many are fed up with this lack of vision and poor leadership that they assume their future is in another country other than their country of birth. They begin to plan and search for greener pastures overseas. The foreign embassies in Nigeria are besieged and inundated with applications for visa daily. Some can rely on the revenues they collect from these applicants for their annual budget. A visit to the United States embassy in Lagos, for example, will give one a better view of the eyesore. But there is no problem that Nigeria has that Nigeria cannot fix. A debate on the state or fate of the Nigeria youth is needed at the grassroots and national levels at no other time than now to address the many issues impeding them. Nigeria owes her youth the environment to find meaning and be successful in their God-given country but the youth owe themselves perseverance in the arduous task of self-building against the odds. Eugene Okoli, PhD, is a Specialist in Educational Leadership with concentration in Organizational Analysis.

CAUSES OF POOR ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS Cont. from pg flection and not just trying to achieve a word limit. 6. Insufficient Reading around a Subject: during revision time, students are often too selective in what they choose to read. Selecting one or two topics and remembering as much as possible from those topics they selected. What comes across in any good essay is confidence and this can only be achieved by demonstrating plenty of reading on a subject so that you can be prepared for any question that you come across. This also requires giving yourself enough time to read and not leaving it until a few days before exams. 7. Regurgitating in class or Lecture Materials: in English, we are looking for excitement and originality of thought backed up by evidence and we don't want you to take our formulations as gospel truth; says Martin Eve, a lecturer in English Literature at the University of Lincolin. However, students are advised to take it as a challenge and think for themselves. 8. Over-Generalization: students are always fond of using over-generalized statements in answering questions that requires specific and self-awareness answers. Such can contribute to their poor academic performance. It is therefore very vital that they always make their answers specific and precise when answering any examination question. 9. Carelessness: getting characters' names or other Basic factual details wrong just smacks of not caring. If you don't care enough to do this correctly when you are paying to be at University; what will an employer think when he or she is paying you? 10. Spelling and Grammar Errors: Universities have a standard academic English in which you should speak and write your grammar. The best way to become a proficient at this, is to read a great number of Academic Journal Articles, Textbooks and Write-ups; but you are not advised to plagiarize.

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Business And Economy

THE TORCH MAGAZINE

The CBN Cashless And Fraud Reduction Policy:

PROBLEMS & PROSPECTS The last few years in the Nigerian financial sector witnessed tremendous growth in civilization and technological development following the call for a shift from cashbased economy to cashless economy. The move became a top priority for governments, non-governmental organizations, companies and business outlets focused on expanding financial access to the underserved. Past statistics showed that nearly 2.5 billion people do not have access to formal financial services. Without basic payment and savings account, money is often kept in cash under the mattress or buried under ground and then moved around from person to person and thereby drastically increasing the risk of theft or loss. Even a task as simple as paying bill to person via cash was unsafe, costly and time-consuming. The implications of these financial shortcomings are significant and farreaching, reinforcing the cycle of poverty and slowing economic and national progress. It was therefore not surprising that the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) introduced the cashless policy initiative in Nigeria Economy in order to ensure that banking services get to everyone and offers all platforms for empowerment that will change the way people transact business and living generally in Nigeria. This policy which entails spending money electronically without carrying huge cash physically from one place to the other was purposely designed to reduce the use of cash in financial (Business) transactions in Nigeria. The policy is intended to diminish the need to carry cash thereby minimizing the rampant cases of armed

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prices for services to customers. It takes the form of computerization of customers' accounts and account information retrieval; Deposit and withdrawal through Autorobmated Teller Mab e r y chines (ATM), Netand other reworking to facilitate lated crimes asaccess to accounts sociated with carfrom any branch of the riage of heavy cash. bank and Biometrics used in gingerThe new policy which b e- printing and identification which came effective nationwide on 1st July should dispense with the use of pass2014 was first implemented in Lagos, words or personal identification Anambra, Abia, Kano, Ogun and Numbers (PINS) in the initiation of Abuja, in the year 2012 as as pilot transaction by customers. scheme. The prospects of this cashless polThe first issue in the cashless pol- icy are enormous; cost of transportaicy is the issue of electronic purse. tion and the danger of carrying large This is electronic information that is sum of money about will greatly retransmitted to a device which reveals duce. The policy, it was claimed by the information about how much a the Central Bank of Nigeria will enperson has stored in the bank and hance the integration of our econhow much he can spend. One ther omy as presently 78.8 percent of the fore has to recognize the role played countr y's rural populations are by information Technology in bring- largely unbanked. According to CBN, ing about sustainable development this policy when fully implemented in every nation. Without an optimal will drive Nigeria's huge informal use of information technology, no economy which is driven by small country can attain a speedy socio eco- scale farmers, traders, craftsmen and nomic growth and development; in- other types of small and medium formation technology is more than sized businesses and eventually intecomputers. It encompasses the data grate it into the nation's formal econthat a business creates and uses as omy. However within two years of imwell as a wide spectrum of increasing plementing this policy, it gladdens convergent and linked technologies the heart to note that the inter-bank that process such data. It is beyond transfers, captured through the Nigedoubt that information technology ria Inter-Bank Settlement System can help reduce transaction costs for (NIBSS) jumped from N51 billion to banks which will translate to lower N1.5 trillion as at year 2014. NIBSS

interview

Therefore network availability is still inconsistent. This is also a hindrance to mobile money transactions. Although the cashless policy was introduced as early as 2012 in six states of the federation, observations have shown that many banks are still guilty of not allowing usage of ATM cards issued by other banks on ATM installed in their premises. This is also an impediment to the smooth operation of the cashless policy. Incidences where customers are debited without being paid by the machine and instances where customers are debited twice in transfers rose from 87,000 transac- said by many who have tried to use it course of transaction while using the tions in January 2012 to about 3.1 mil- to be filled with hitches. Sometimes ATM machine are still rampant. Belion transactions in 2014. According one is charged for services not suc- sides, experience has shown that to recent figures from CBN, volume of cessfully rendered. There are there- many banks are still in the habit of point of sale (POS) transactions in- fore fears of possible loss of money charging high rates on transactions creased astronomically from less than through fraud. Meanwhile, informa- especially when one needs to transfer 2000 monthly from January, 2012 to tion security experts have confirmed money from his bank account to an1.6 million as at year 2014, while that the infrastructure supporting the other bank account either within transactions in value moved up from cashless policy in Nigeria may be 70- same bank or to another bank. This is N38 million per month in 2012 to percent vulnerable to fraud. This ac- discouraging and the banks need to over 24 billion monthly as at present. cording to them is because the sys- address this issue. In addition, inadeThe CBN indicated that at the mo- tem is only 30-percent protected as quate education coupled with poor ment, mobile money transactions only 1-percent of the operators in- enlightenment of bankers and cusvalue went up to N819 million volved have attained the Payment tomers on various aspects and issues monthly while 22 licensed mobile Card Industry Data Security Standard of electronic payment transactions money operators have already se- Certification (PCI DSSC). More so, the and cashless policy before launching cured licenses. policy is faced with challenges of inad- the scheme has made the strategies The move to adopt cashless policy equate power supply, shortage of crit- for marketing the project fall short of initiative however has its own chal- ical technological infrastructures, expectations. lenges, which in Nigeria appear to be lack of socio-cultural support and abTo address the above challenges, accentuated by the perennial prob- sence of regulatory framework that more efforts should be made to put in lem of inadequate physical and social are required to operate seamless and place adequate and well-functioning infrastructure. The implementation of effective electronic payment system infrastructural facilities all over the the policy in Nigeria therefore brings in the country. As it is today, many country. More specifically the issue of up issues that touch on security, pri- people have lost confidence in the se- electricity should be tackled by the vacy, crime and computerization. Soci- curity of our electronic payment sys- government to facilitate the usage of etal acceptance of the policy is there- tem as the Automated Teller Machine electronic money. The CBN should fore critical to its sustenance or the System is fraught with fraud and ir- work hand in hand with legislators at tendency to rebel against it by the regularities to the detriment of un- the National Assembly to ensure that common man on the street. Without suspecting customers. Similarly, the the proper legislations are formuthe society being able to understand problem of poor network connectiv- lated to enforce new methods of the pros and cons of electronic cash, ity has not been addressed as ex- transaction and a changing culture. the full benefit of the cashless society pected. Due to vast number of people There is the need for more enlightenmay never be realized. There are sev- using the cell-phones, telecommuni- ment and sensitization of this policy eral complaints from different quar- cations companies pay more atten- to tackle the problem of illiteracy inters that sufficient facilities have not tion to voice clarity rather than net- herent among the majority of the citibeen provided to make the policy work connectivity because they make zens of this country. smooth. The e-payment system is more money on voice than data.

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Politics and Governance

THE TORCH MAGAZINE

GOVERNOR

WILLIE OBIANO IS WORKING IN ANAMBRA STATE

fectious diseases and prolong human lives. The enduring stor y of mankind shows that the biggest ins p i r a t i o n of t e n stems from the most insignificant of obser vations, and the greatest progress sometimes arises from Governor Willie Obiano's overwhelming victory in November 16, t h e l e a s t e x p e c t e d d o m a i n ”. 2013 gubernatorial election in (www.thesourceng.com; www.Tell.ng) Governor Willie Obiano is a prodAnambra state seems like a dream, yet a reality. It is a well programmed uct of historical determinism in act of God. Discerning minds have Anambra state. The fact that the failsince acknowledged this fact of our ure of several past leaderships has state history. No doubt, many do not been the archrival of progress in the know how to categorize the BULL- State despite its 24 years of existence DOZER called Governor Willie necessitated the radical emanation of Obiano but everyone concurs to the a remarkable style. It was first profact that he is a famous giant in the his- moted by Mr. Peter Obi, the immediate predecessor Governor, who was fatory of the state. “The force of history often shapes mously described as “Okwute Ndi human societies in many unusual Igbo”. Governor Willie Obiano has ways. A random asteroid which hap- shown himself a worthy inheritor of pened to hit the earth some 60 mil- his former boss's legacy, and it is a leglion years ago and caused the deci- acy he has personalized and continmation of a vast range of plant and an- ues to re-define in numerous ways. In imal species including the dominant spite of unspeakable odds, criticisms, dinosaurs, actually paved the way for challenges, political propaganda and hominid man to flourish and subse- false allegations leveled against him quently emerge as the dominant spe- before, during and after gubernatocies on earth. A baby born in Bethle- rial election, Governor Willie Obiano hem manger some two thousand has continued to soldier on, believing years ago was recently recognized by like Albert Einstein that “every great scientific research as the most influ- story on the planet happened when ential figure in human history. A fall- someone decided not to give up but ing apple was the inspiration behind kept going no matter what”. Also bethe handwork discovery of the force lieving like Plato that there are some of gravity, while mold growing on for- when the applause of the multitude gotten breadcrumbs in a laboratory have misled into thinking that they served as the first source of the anti- are statesmen, Governor Willie biotic medications which have un- Obiano literally imitating a first rate fathomably helped man combat in- horse has concentrated on running a

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good race and giving it his best without looking back. The refusal to manipulate electoral processes, even at the risk of losing out to opposition parties, has validated the right of the people to have the final say as to who rules them, thereby preserving the integrity of the democratic system of government. After his Inauguration on 17th March, 2014, he took the bold step to take Anambra state to a greater height by first introducing “Willie is Working” strategy. The simplicity of his transformation agenda confers certain clarity of purpose, a definite vision that beyond managing human and economic resources justly and fairly, government is made and meant to foster an enabling environment that promotes positive change and growth for the people of Anambra. The Governor had tackled the head long menace and challenges of insecurity in the state. This was evident from his recent effort to restore the state from the stranglehold of armed robbers, drug barons, extortionists and kidnappers among others. A joint security outfit known as “Operation Kpochapu” was set up by the governor for crime fighting and prevention. This outfit was credited with the recent bold demolishing of houses known to have been owned by kidnappers and evil men in towns like Aguleri, Ogidi, and Ihiala communities. The famous Upper Iweka has been rendered much safer by wiping off the long inhabited thugs in that area. The Governor has not only gone after the criminal elements in the State, he has also agreed with the Inspector General of Police to reassign most of the divisional Police Officers (DPOs) in the State, who have been tainted by their complicity with the

Politics and Governance outlaws. “Lord Acton, in the opening quote recognized the importance of holding leaders to account for their stewardship. He opined that because of the potentially destructive effects of power on the holder, leaders must be continually scrutinized to ensure they are ever mindful of the fact that their primary responsibility in authority is to others and not to themselves”. (www.thesourceng.com; www.Tell.ng). To this end, the Administration of Governor Willie Obiano has touched the lives of people of Anambra through massive development in the following sectors: Agriculture, Trade and Commerce, Oil and Gas, Security, Education, Health, Environmental Cleanliness, Social Infrastructure, Tourism, youth and sports development and local government among others. Agricultural Sector Governor Willie Obiano has flagged off revolution of sorts aimed at increasing food sufficiency and creating massive employment in the

plan to bolster the trade and commerce sector. His administration has commenced the development of new international ultramodern market in Ogbunike, Oba, Awka and Umunze Communities. It is expected that the proceeds from agriculture and oil and gas would find outlets through this sector. Oil and Gas Sector In the Oil and Gas Sector, the Governor plans to make Anambra State one of the Nigeria's Oil producing States. This would make it the 1oth in the club. It would earn it the much coveted place among the recipients of the Niger Delta Development Commission largesse. In view of this, the present administration plans to support orient petroleum's 60 barrels per day refinery, which on completion it is hoped would give foreign airlines the reason to stop over in Anambra State for the refueling of their aircrafts. Road Infrastructure The administration of Governor Willie Obiano has flagged off the construction of 14 new roads in the State in addition to the construction of three new flyovers of which one is located at Aroma in Awka Capital Territory, at Akwata junction, and at Amawbia, all in Onitsha-Enugu express road. The governor has also approved the construction of a bridge that leads to the oilfield of Aguleri. These projects are currently ongoing and some of them are nearing completion. No state. This was evidenced by his com- doubt, immissioning of the Coched farm Pro- proved drivject in partnership with the Coscharis ing surfaces, Group to produce over 120,000 met- d e v o i d o f ric tons of rice per annum and gener- p o t h o l e s ate over 1000 jobs for the youths. The will greatly Governor has lunged into a compre- reduce the hensive mechanized agriculture, cost of mainwhose chain reaction he hopes would taining vehilead to the creation of more indus- cles. Most of tries. To this end, he has mapped out the State Government owned roads in the blueprint for this agricultural revo- Anambra state are currently looking lution which focused on cassava, corn good. and rice production. The Governor In addition to good road infraalso has the vision of making structure, the Governor has left no Anambra State the highest exporter stone unturned in bringing transporof fish through his proposed plan to tation cost to the least affordable establish fish farms in all the 21 Local amount to the benefit of both the Government Areas of the State. wealthy and the less privileged by inTrade and Commerce Sector troducing “Willie is Working Buses” Governor Willie Obiano had rolled which covers the 21 Local Governout a 10-year industrial development ment Areas of the State daily; trans-

porting passengers at the cheapest cost. Education Sector It is of no doubt that before the emergence of APGA government in Anambra state, the education sector in the State was a mockery to the state existence; The primary and secondary school structures in the state were dilapidated, School enrolment in primary and secondary schools in several parts of the State was poor, teachers were ill-trained and ill-

equipped to impart knowledge to students, the salaries of teachers in the state were not paid, while teaching aids and facilities remained in short supply. However with the Inauguration of Governor Willie Obiano in office, he continued from where his immediate predecessor stopped in revitalizing education sector through the rehabilitation of dilapidated school structures, empowerment of Information Communication Technology (ICT) knowledge in various primary and secondary schools of the State, distribution of buses to the schools, equipping sports facilities in both primary and secondary schools of t h e St a te , i m p ro ve m e n t i n teacher's salaries, upward review of the staff salaries of Nwafor Orizu Col-

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THE TORCH MAGAZINE

lege of Education Nsugbe and the completion of the Nigerian Union of Teachers (NUT) house Awka. Health Sector In keeping with the 4Cs concept which comprises of continuing, completing, commissioning and commencing projects, Governor Willie Obiano's Administration had partnered with missionary bodies to provide adequate infrastructures in the health sector. His administration is more interested in the improvement of the health facilities as well as the welfare of patients and health care professionals like doctors and nurses. Additional Projects Besides the flagging off of the three flyovers at a three Arms zone in Awka, the Governor has set up the new Awka Capital Territory Development Board with the sole aim of transforming Awka into a supper modern city. The Governor has also taken necessary steps to develop the

Politics and Governance historic Ogbunike Cave into a world class tourist attraction centre. The Governor's road map to the future of the State is anchored on a vision, which hopes to make the State the first choice investment destination and a hub for industrialization and commercial activities and a mission that hopes to create a socially stable, business friendly environment that will attract both indigenes and foreigners to seek wealth creating opportunities in Anambra State. Given this level of performance so far which has been replicated in various spheres and sectors, one is surprised to hear some criticism from the a n t i - p ro g re s s i ve i n d i g e n e s of Anambra State. However, in spite of the mischief of the naysayers, the undeniable fact is that Governor Willie Obiano is working positively to transform the State to a greater height. The governor is a blessing to the people of Anambra State. The Successful En-

trepreneur International wishes to use this medium to say kudos to the incumbent Governor of Anambra State, Chief Willie Maduaburochukwu Obiano,the Ebekuedike of Igboland. He has used the resources in Nigeria and Anambra State to transform the State to the needs of the Citizens. Entrepreneurship involves identifying opportunities based on the immediate and remote needs of the environment. The Governor uses third eye to see the needs of the people of the state and strategically plunged into action to solve the problems. THE SUCCESSFUL ENTREPRENEUR INTERNATIONAL wishes the people of Anambra State to call the Governor the Action-Governor. We wish the Governor more strength, wisdom and knowledge to keep on doing the good things he has started doing. MANAGEMENT.

NIGERIA'S ELECTORAL DECISION 2015:

AN ENTREPRENEURIAL ANALYSIS Dr. Tina U Agbionu

Nigeria- the Giant of Africa and the most populous country in Africa made a Democratic decision on who should carry the mantle of Leadership for the next four years on the 28th day of March, 2015 and 11th day of April, 2015 respectively. The outcome of this fabulous decision was fully implemented on the 29th day of May, 2015 which marked the institution of a new phase of Democratic Government and an extension of myth in the Democratic and Political history of Nigeria. Nigeria as a nation is grateful to God for allowing her practice democracy for some years now. Democracy is a type of government a country that is interested in having absolute freedom would want to have, and Nigeria has practiced democracy for some time now. But the issue that worries practicing entrepreneurs and prospective entrepreneurs is the future of democracy in Nigeria. Democracy

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Politics and Governance as a leadership style is supposed to give everybody opportunity to express his/her wish in governance especially during the process of deciding who should occupy the leadership position at different levels of Governance. Leadership is a process of influencing people so that they will strive willingly and enthusiastically towards the achievement of group goal (Weihrich & Kootz et al, 1994: 490). Leaders are expected to act as facilitating and inspiring agents in a group in order to accomplish organizational goals and this time National goal. Any nation that is focused in achieving high level of sustainable growth and development for her citizens as Weihrich and Kootz et al put it must strive for optimum performance or capacity utilization because both are directly linked to good leadership skills. From the managerial point of view, leadership is seen as a process of directing and influencing the task related activities of group members (stones et, al 2000) the implications from the above definitions show themselves in the area of people (followers), power, influence and values. The implication of the above is that followers underline the very essence of leadership. When the followers are willing to accept directions from the leader, group members (public) help define the leader's status and make leadership process possible. Without people to lead, the best of leadership qualities remain useless and largely irrelevant (Onah, 2008). Secondly, leadership involves the unequal distribution of power between leaders and the led as Onah, (2008) put it. The leader according to him wields more power than the group. Power on its own is seen as “the ability to exert influence that is to change the attitude or behavior of individuals or group”. Influence is seen however as “any action or examples of behavior that cause a change in attitude or behavior of another person or group (stoner et al, 2000: 470). Effective leadership therefore involves the use of influence to achieve or direct group behavior in a number of ways.

Part of these ways includes getting the led to make what will be of BENEFIT to group interest. The issue now is did the past leadership in Nigeria at

They can be servant by: · Being selfless in all their activities. · Give good example i.e. they

all levels reflect the views expressed above? If it did, how did it play out in the just concluded electoral process which ushered us a new administration that is expected to correct the anomalies of the outgone administration? If it does not, how will the present administration make sure that its administration will reflect the theory of effective leadership where the leader will influence the led positively through a democratic process that allows everybody to be free irrespective of state of origin, tribal affinity, religious differences, and political as well as socio-cultural differences? The only thing that is constant in life is change. But this change especially in our own case in Nigeria must be purely positive oriented. The current Administration must not repeat the mistakes of the past Administration. This paper prefers to offer suggestions that would help the present and future democratic regime in delivering the positive democracy dividends to the Nigeria nation. It borrows a leaf from the word of God Almighty – creator of heaven and earth which states that anybody who wants to be a leader must be the servant of the people. Our leaders present and future are by this write-up called upon to be servant of the people.

should lead by good examples. Operating open door policies where they are accessible to the people  Giving equal opportunities for people in the areas of education, medical facilities and other infrastructural facilities.  Avoiding secretarial, political, religious and other forms of discriminations.  Creating avenues for the people to air their views either in writing or oral.  Giving opportunities for the people to be part of major decisions in the country. This is the belief of this write-up that when these steps are taken, the Nigeria nation would be a comfortable place for peace, love and tranquility which encourage sustainable growth and development. When the economy grows and develops appropriately, the entrepreneur would be better positioned to identify untapped opportunities and potentials. He would therefore fashion out adequate strategies to exploit such opportunities creditably and profitably. This would encourage foreign as well as local investors into Nigeria for more and better growth and sustainable development. 

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Politics and Governance

2015 ELECTIONS:

THE PAST, THE PRESENT AND THE FUTURE Dr. Tina U Agbionu

The 2015 elections to the different seats in Nigeria have come and gone. Nigerians are thankful to God Almighty for making sure that casualty in form of shedding of blood was reduced to the barest minimum. In the first place, the Successful Entrepreneur Magazine International is satisfied with the whole conduct of the elections. The out-gone president, the current president, the INEC, the different political stake holders, the incoming electoral office seekers, the electorate and electoral monitors deserve great handshakes for their roles in the last election. Though one would be tempted to ask why we are congratulating everybody both those that played positive roles and those that played negative roles. Everybody needs to be congratulated. It does

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not really matter much the roles people played but our joy is that Nigeria is still united after the elections. Politics is a serious and sensitive game. It is also very interesting and highly educative. It can be compared to a football game. At the end of the game, there must be a loser and a winner. The loser must learn from his past mistake to avoid future loss while the winner must struggle hard to consolidate his success. Both parties are very important to the Entrepreneur. The Entrepreneur studies the situation and knows how to make the best use of the opportunities created. No doubts, a particular group showed their support to the different parties, and these are clearly evident in the votes cast and recorded. Those whose candidates won were jubilat-

ing while those whose candidates lost were not happy with the situation. This is natural but at this stage of our developmental stage, we should not be myopic about politics and democracy. Though one is expected to have his or her own choice among the candidates contesting for the positions but once one of the contestants has won and declared the winner, the other contestants and their supporters are expected to support him and achieve the goals and objectives for which he was elected into office. It is natural that those whose candidates won would be expressing some fear that the elected candidate would not take care of them simply because they did not vote for him. A typical case is the Igbo extraction of

the Federal Republic of Nigeria. It would be recalled that the Igbos have been suffering untold hardship in Nigeria. Since after the war, the Igbos have been migrating from one place to another seeking for greener pastures. It is vital to note here that the Igbo race is naturally enterprising. They are energetic and accommodating. These attributes of theirs and more, propel them to easily migrate from their place to other places for peaceful and progressive enterprise. Records have shown that places where Igbo people dominate experience urbanization more easily than they were prior to the coming of Igbos. This does not completely mean that the Igbos are not without problems and faults. Every people usually have their problems and faults. These faults are natural but that does not mean that such people should be dominated, humiliated and probably destroyed. Nigeria is a multi-ethnic nation; ideally it should have been better to divide Nigeria into three different nations. These three main ethnic groups found themselves existing as one entity. They have mingled in many different ways as one indivisible nation which is blessed by many natural and human resources which if properly managed will make Nigeria enviable by other nations of the world. The Igbo race has for a very long time now cried aloud that they have been marginalized. What exactly does this race mean by marginalization? This medium is not a politically instigated medium, neither is it a historical opportunity but an avenue to briefly look at the past, join it with the present to be able to solve the problems of the future for a better peaceful co-existence in Nigeria. My little knowledge of ethnic and religious problems in Nigeria convinced me with that the Igbos have been killed in large numbers in Nigeria especially in the North. Almost all families in Igbo land have lost one person or the other to the different types of killings in the Northern Nigeria. Many Igbos have privately told their people to come back in order to escape from being killed. My question is, is coming back the solution to all forms of marginalization that the Igbo race has suffered in their own

country-Nigeria. Historically, the Igbo people are very restive and volatile. One of the reasons for this dates back to their origin while another is concerned with experience after war. After the war, the Igbos suffered serious deprivation. This deprivation caused them serious problems such as malnutrition, unwanted pregnancies, crimes of different sorts and innumerable deaths. The desire to set themselves free from these problems made them to migrate from their places to other places seeking for greener pastures. Originally, the Igbos are hardworking people but their experience after the war pushed them to work harder to earn their living. There is hardly any part of the world where you would not see an Igbo man. This made the Igbos to be Agents of Development in other places while their own places are left underdeveloped. Many of these places where they develop appreciate them but some jealous them and even kill them. The APC under the able leadership of General Mohammadu Buhari has gloriously won the presidential election in Nigeria. Whether the electoral process was free and fair is immaterial at this juncture. What is important is the way forward for good governance where all the citizens of Nigeria and non-citizens are free to move from place to another without fear of molestation and intimidation. Many people-politicians and non-politicians used many abusive, intimidating and frightening words before, during and even shortly after the elections on their fellow Nigerians. Those words should be put behind us and let us all unite, join hands and support the leadership of General Mohammadu Buhari under APC ruling party for peaceful governance in the next four years. The APC and specifically the president elect of the Federal Republic of Nigeria have a lot to do in many areas of governance in Nigeria. His immediate challenge which he has started already is running an open system where everybody is carried along in governance. He should know that Nigeria is expecting a lot of good changes from him especially in sensitive areas such as corruption, security, equity, just to mention a few. Nigeria

needs a total over-haul for positive transformation. Some of these positive transformations have been started by the former administration. The present administration is humbly advised to appreciate, recognize and integrate the positive transformation from the former administration into his own administration for continuity and sustainable growth and development of our National Economy. The Successful Entrepreneur Magazine at this juncture calls on the good people of Nigeria to forget the past and support the able leadership of General Mohammadu Buhari. The president knows that we have no other country to call our own. He cannot allow this nation to fall apart. He is the God-given father of the Hausas, Igbos and the Yoruba (as alphabetically presented). It is Unity even in diversity that we achieve our goal as one united and egalitarian society. For Entrepreneurship to thrive in Nigeria, unity, absolute security, peace and more must be assured so that foreigners as well as Nigerians will find Nigerian nation fertile for worthwhile investment. These investments would provide avenues for gainful employment of our youths who graduate yearly in their thousands from Nigerian academic institutions. The APC Governors in South Eastern Nigeria and other strong members of APC in the South East have great challenges to battle with. Specifically, strong APC stalwarts like Senator Chris Nwabueze Ngige, Governor Rochas Okorocha, Rotimi Amaechi and others should please struggle hard to see that the Igbo interests are protected in this Government. Your people have a lot of trust and confidence in you. The interest of the Igbos and other South-Eastern people should not be lost in transit. You should fight tooth and nail to make sure that the Glory of Igbos as well as the South-East is restored. The sensitive areas of the economy that need to be specially handled are the areas of employment creation for the youths. The youths are the economic backbone of any nation.

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Politics and Governance

The Beauty Nature of Black Black is beautiful Be black, be proud of your color and race Black is determination Black is creative Black is innovative Black is commitment Black is effectiveness Black is efficiency Black is hard-work Black is survival Black is successful Black is sustainability Black is entrepreneurial Black is everything.

You are by this medium encouraged to be proud of your race-Africa. We are known to be honest, hardworking, trustworthy and very reliable. Do not follow the crowd. Be yourself, work hard and trust in God. Shun cultism and other social vices. Be determined, focused and surely success must come your way. Remain ever blessed Zipo Kelly 26

The Faces of Entrepreneurship NAME: EZENWA CYNTHIA TOBECHUKWU OCCUPATION: STUDENT HEIGHT: 5.8FT E-MAIL: [email protected] PHONE: CONTACT THE SEMI (08034876850) INTEREST: TRAVELLING, READING, STYLING, SPORTS ACTIVITIES AND PUBLIC SPEAKING. TURN ON: HONESTY, POLITNESS, HARDWORKING AND DISCIPLINE. TURN OFF: DISHONESTY, IMPOLITENESS, LAZINESS AND INDISCIPLINE. ADVICE: Sometimes Success isn't just about being given the fish; it is about having the right hook. The SUCCESSFUL ENTREPRENEUR INTERNATIONAL is here with the hook to teach you how to catch the fish. What are you waiting for? Grab it and you will be glad you did.

NAME: AGBIONU MARY-JANE FAVOUR AGBIONU OCCUPATION: STUDENT AND PROSPECTIVE ENTREPRENEUR EMAIL: PHONE: CONTACT SEMI (08034876850) TURN-ON: HONESTY, HARDWORK, DECENCY AND SINCERITY TURN-OFF: DISHONESTY, LAZINESS, INDISCENCY AND INSINSCERITY ADVICE: May I use this medium to advice youths generally to be focused, determined, committed and dedicated in anything they are doing. Shun all forms of distractions ranging from cultism, examination misconduct, indecent dressing, runs of many forms etc. Success comes through persistent hardwork. Set a target for youself, pursue the target conscientiously with a firm determination to succeed. Trust God in all things and at all times, hand over everything to him and believe that there is nothing he cannot do. As you do all these, sustainable success must surely be yours In Jesus Name (IJN) Amen. Zippokelly.

NAME: IWUOHA PRECIOUS OCCUPATION: STUDENT HEIGHT: 5.6FT EMAIL: [email protected] PHONE: 07032075000 INTEREST: TRAVELLING, MUSIC TURN ON: HONESTY, CARING AND FAITHFUL TURN OFF: DISHONESTY AND UNFAITHFULNESS ADVICE: BE A MOTIVATOR OF YOURSELF FIRST, BEFORE YOU MOTIVATE SOMEONE ELSE.

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The Positive Effect of

ASUU Strike This is my testimony

Ufaroh Blessing Adachukwu Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka

For most people the recent ASUU of previous ASUU strikes carries only one tag which is Negative? But for me it's a blessing in disguise. The strike which lasted (10) months was a unique opportunity, because I made the most out of it. Realizing my dream in the fashion world today, I am a living testimony of unique and excellent designs in the fashion world…. Thanks to ASUU strike. Please check out my designs at my Facebook page Blessing Adachukwu or you can still contact me on my email: [email protected] All Thanks to God The Successful Entrepreneur Magazine International (SEMI) wishes to use this opportunity to state that there is no opportunity that cannot be transformed to useful entrepreneurial activity even failure. For some students, the six months ASUU Strike was an opportunity to gallivant around looking for opportunities to be involved in some mischievous activities but for some others, the last ASUU Strike provided an opportunity to for them to engage themselves in useful entrepreneurial activities. Challenges are indeed opportunities for excellence for those who see opportunities where others do not. Be entrepreneurial think creatively and use ideas generated by you or others to turn your challenges into useful and excellent enduring opportunities.

POSITIVE INSIGHTS Udemezue Ujunwa

My name is Udemezue Ujunwa, a student of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka. I am from Anambra state. What interests me most is reading motivational books, associating with people of positive thinking, believing in myself that I am the best and a winner, also being financially independent. On the aspect of financial independence among youths, I think it is really a necessity for youths to know how to be financially independent, hence students of nowadays just rely on the government for work whereas they can build up something profitable by themselves. Robert. T. Kiyosaki says that it doesn't matter how many eyes a man has, what matters is what you can see with the one you have. Network marketing gives you the opportunity to face your fears, deal with them, overcome them and bring out the winner that you have inside you. I believe that network market is the frontier for human development. You either be a master of money or a slave to it. The choice is yours. P-square says “e no easy” in his music. No matter how you see success, it can never be easy. According to them, if you try and fail, try again. Westlye says try again, stumble and fall but try again. No other road, but try again. You must make it. See you on the top!

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MERCY JOHNSON

and Dacher Keltner ran several studies looking at whether social class (as measured by wealth, occupational prestige, and education) influ ences how much we care about the feelings of others.

A VERY

COMPASSIONATE ENTREPRENEUR Mrs Vivian Chinwe Ogbuenyi

Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka

Compassionateness is gradually gaining grounds among human beings. Being compassionate means having a feeling for and sharing in another person's sorrow or taking part in the suffering of another. It involves having some kind of pity for another person who is suffering in one way or the other. Being compassionate can be analogous to being loving, caring and having some kind of passion for something or somebody. Though being compassionate is related to being loving, being loving as a personal attribute can lead to being compassionate. This is reflected in the purpose of Jesus Christ in the face of the earth. God so loves the world that he sent his only begotten son Jesus Christ to save mankind. It was the love that God has for mankind that made him create man in the first instance, redeemed man after man had failed and gave man an everlasting life. From the above analysis, it can be said that being compassion is an instrument of the expression of practical love. But the argument is that some people believe that as people get richer, they become less compassionate to people while others believe that anybody who is naturally compassionate, is compassionate whether rich or poor. A third view believes that it is when people are richer that they become more compassionate. Berkeley Psychologist, Paul Piff

One of their studies was on how social class influences feelings of compassion towards people who are suffering. One of their studies revealed that less affluent individuals are more likely to report feelings of compassion towards other on a regular basis. For example, they are more likely to agree with such statements as “often notice people who need help”, and “it is important to take care of people who are vulnerable”. Results from another study revealed also that particulars on the lower end of the spectrum, with less income and educa-

tion, were more likely to report feeling of compassion while watching the cancer video – a response that is associated with paying greater attention to the feelings and motivations of others. But recently, a popular, entertaining and agile Nigeria actress MercyJohnson, Ozioma Okojie disputed that idea by extending her hands of compassion on 5000 widows in her husband's area (Uromi in Edo State). The report had it that she put smiles into the faces of these widows on the 23rd of December, 2013 by giving each of those widows a bag of rice, 6 yards of super print, a bag of salt, groundnut oil, tin tomatoes and magi cubes. Mercy Johnson Okojie rose from nothing. She went into acting after failing her JAMB exams. Her failure no doubt is an act of God. God was calling her into acting and the best way God used to bring her to her destiny was to allow her fail her JAMB examinations. She refused to be frustrated by that failure but instead the failure propelled her into major life success which is entrepreneurial. She saw a hidden opportunity and quickly and intelligently grabbed it and turned her failure into success. A report on her stated that in 2009, mercy Johnson won the African film award for best supporting actress. Although presently, she is not the richest actress, but she always exhibit a highly imaginative and creative innovative qualities in all her actions. You are by this article encouraged to be;  Compassionate to the needy even as you get richer and richer, because there is more blessings in giving than in taking.  Aim high and start small as Mercy Johnson did  Work hard persistently no matter the obstacles that you see on your way.  Do not allow failure to get you depressed, learning from failure, and moving on will surely lead you greater success.

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interview

THE

THE TORCH MAGAZINE

MEET

RICHEST NOLLYWOOD ACTRESSES

FOR THE YEAR 2015 Genevieve Nnaji 2

– 64 Million Naira

She was born on 3rd day of May, 1979 in Mbaise town of Imo State, Nigeria. She is the fourth child of her parents in a family of eight children. She first discovered her talent as an actress at the tender age of 8 years when she first featured in then popular television soap opera Ripples. She won the African movie academy award for best actress in a leading role in the year 2005 and in the year 2011, she was awarded order of the Federal Republic by Nigerian Government for her role in Nollywood. Apart from being an actress, she is also a model and a singer. She has featured in Pronto Beverage and Omo Detergent and she became the “Face of Lux” in the year 2004. Most of the popular movies she has featured in include: Butterfly, Blood Sister, Church Business, Honey, Love, Last Weekend, Late Marriage, Passion, Private Sin, Sharon Stone in Abuja, The Chosen One, Bumper to Bumper, Critical Decision, Dangerous Sister, Goodbye New York, Into Temptation, Promise Me Forever, Stand by Me Treasure, Unbreakable, We are One, Darkest Night, Games Women Play, Rip Off, Warrior's Heart, Beautiful Soul, Broken Tears, Critical Condition, Rivers of Tears, My Idol etc.

Rita Dominic

– 58 Million Naira

Kate Henshaw-Nuttall – 67 Million Naira

Ini Edo

– 60 Million Naira

She was born on the 12th day of July 1975 to the royal family Nwaturuocha in Abor Mbaise local government area of Imo State, Nigeria. She is a graduate of Theatre Art from University of Port Harcourt. She started performing in her child hood age by featuring in school plays and children's television shows in Imo State. She starred in her first movie as a Nollywood actress in 1998 in a movie titled “time to kill”. In the year 2004, she won the city people's award as the most outstanding actress. She has featured in over 100 movies. Most of her popular movies are: Back From America, Accidental Discharge, Working Class Lady, True Romance, Sweet Love, Singles and Married, Nights of Riot, Love After Love, Lost Paradise, Goodbye New York, Ultimate Crisis, The Begotten Suicide, Orange Groove, Wedding Fever, Million Dollar Sister, Jealous Heart, Hidden Murderer, Dancing Heart, Legal War, Run Away Prince, Yahoo Millionaire, Last Game, More Than Gold, Kill The Bride, Love Story, Suicide Lovers, Children of Terror, Aba Riot, Face of a Liar, Unforgettable, Throwing Stone, My Guy, Prisoner of Love etc.

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She is the third richest Nollywood actress in Nigeria. Born on the 23rd day of April 1982 in Akwa-ibom state, her talent as an actress was discovered in her early child hood while performing drama in her local church and school. She is a graduate of Theatre aArt from University of Uyo. She began career journey as a Nollywood actress in the year 2000 when she first accompanied her friend to a movie audition, in which she performed a role in the movie titled “Child of Destiny”. She is a popular GLO Ambassador. She was the winner of the 2013 Nollywood and African Critics Award (NAFCA) for best supporting actress. She has featured in over 200 movies; the most popular of which are: Nkasi the Village Fighter, The Princess of my Life, Nkasi the Sprot Girl, The Return of Nkasi, Tears in the Palace, Bride's War, A Dance for the Prince, Hunted Love, Battle of Pride, Save the Last Dance, Caged Lovers, Royal Gift, Dangerous, Memories of the Heart, Final Sorrow, Behind the Melody, Darkness of Sorrow, End of Do or Die Affair, Royal Apart, Never Let Go, World Apart, Not Yours!, Negative Influence, Love and Marriage, Love Crime, Legacy, I Swear, Indulgence, Eye of the Gods, Beautiful Faces, Eyes of Love, Faces of Beauty, Tears for Nancy, Ultimate Crisis etc.

Mercy Johnson 4

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She was born on 19th July 1971 in the city of Calabar in Cross River State, Nigeria. She is a graduate of School of Medical Laboratory Science where she studied Micro biology. She discovered her talent as an actress in the year 1993, when she was first auditioned for acting in a movie titled “When the Sun Sets” in which she performed her role better. Since then she started her acting career and has featured in about fifty movies. In 2008, she won the African Movie Academy Award for the best actress in a leading role in the movie titled “Stronger than Pain”. She is very humble, industrious, intelligent and God fearing. She is a former GLO Ambassador and the Face of Onga” and “Blessing Perfume”. Most of the popular movies she has featured in include: Silent Night, Stronger Than Pain, Take Me To Jesus, A Brighter Sun, Doctor's Quarter, The Carcass, The Legend, Adam and Eve, Love Entangle, The Stolen Bible, Negative Influence, The Bride's Maid, Girls in the Hood, My Little Secret, Show me Heaven, Broken Tears, Blood Eyes, Diamond Forever, Inheritance, Wanted At All Cost, Dangerous Silent, Games Men Play, Sleeping with the Enemy, Love, Sex and Marriage, Consequences, Rivers of Tears etc.

– 55 Million Naira

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She is a popular actress and a compassionate entrepreneur who believes in extending hands of practical love and charity to the needy. She was born on 28th day of august 1984 in the city of Lagos, though she is a native of Okene in Kogi State. She discovered her talent as an actress when she failed her Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board (JAMB) Examination. Her first movie appearance was in the movie titled “The aid”. She won the Best Actress at the African Magic Viewer's Choice Award 2013. In the same year she won the Best Actress Award with a movie titled “Dumebi The Dirty Girl”. She has appeared in more than 60 movies. She won the 2009 African Film Award for Best Supporting Actress. She is an investor in properties and she owns about six landed properties in Lagos. Most of the popular movies she has featured in include: The Maid, Women in Power, Lost to Lust, Last Kiss, One Bullet, Painful World, Sweet Mama, Thanksgiving, Area Mama, Crisis in Paradise, Breath of Anger, Desperate Ladies, Evil Agenda, Genevieve, Kolomental, My Beloved Son, Take Me Home, The Last Tradition, Act of My Faith, Corporate Maid, Kiss My Pain, Sin No More, Tears of Madness, Temple of Justice, Tiger King, Clash of Twins, Heat of The Moment, Royal Tears, Heart of a Fighter, The Cripple, Baby Oku in America, Sexy Girls, Royal Fight, Dumebi The Dirty Girl etc.

interview

Omotola Jalade Ekeinde 6

– 53 Million Naira

She was born on 7th February 1978 in a city of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria. She is an Actress, a Singer and a Philanthropist. She is a graduate of Estate Management from Yaba College of technology Yaba Lagos State. She started acting in 1995 after escorting a friend to a movie audition. Her first appearance was in the movie titled “Venom of Justice”. She won The Best Actress in an English speaking movie and the “Best Actress Overall” at the 1997 THEMA movie Awards. She launched her first music album titled GBA in 2005; in the same year, she became the United Nations World Food Ambassador. She has a NonGovernmental Organization project called “Omotola Youth Empowerment Programme (OYEP). She has won more than forty domestic and international Awards. Her popular movie appearances are: Venom of Justice, Blood Sisters, Royal Family, A Kiss from Rose, Games Women Play, The Revelation, Careless Soul, Temple of Justice, Ije, The Journey, Last Flight To Abuja, Blood On The Lagoon, Heat The Floor, Ties That Bind, Brave Heart, Scores To Settle etc.

Uche Jombo

– 49.5 Million Naira

Patience Ozokwor

– 51 Million Naira 7

She was born on 28th march 1958 at Ngwo in Enugu State, Nigeria. She is a graduate of Fine and Applied Art from IMT Enugu. She is a Teacher by training and a Newscaster. She is An Actress, A Musician, and Fashion Designer. She started acting in 1998 and has featured in many movies since then. She plays the major role of a Mother in most of her movies. Most of her movie appearances are: To Rise Again, My World, Deep Water, Bridge of Contract, Open and Close, Power of Kiss, Heavy Storm, Missing Child, Act of Faith, After My Heart, Female Lion, Heart of a Slave, Heaven After Hell, Indian Doctor, Naked Wrestler, Plane Crash, Sin No More, Stubborn Doctor, Evil Queen, Then Plain Truth, Area Mama, Away Match, Evil Agenda, Divine Twins, Goddess of The Sun, Holy Man, Legal War, Lion's Den, Old Testament, Only Daughter, Pride of a Woman, Silent Rage, Unfinished Business, Abuja Top Ladies, Asunder, Beyond Dreams, Demon In-Law, Desperate Woman, Dry My Tears, Living in Pain, My Love My Sorrow, Pounds and Dollars, Sweet Mama, Sacred Blood, Hard Solution, Total Crisis, The Return of Mama, Crying Angel, Divided Kingdom, Heavy Storm, Royal Palace, Women in Power, Love and Pride, Annabel, Mama G in America etc.

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Uche Jombo was born on 28th day of December, 1979 in Abiriba Abia State, Nigeria. She graduated from the Federal University of Technology Minna where she studied Computer Programming. She is also a graduate of Mathematics and Statistics from University of Calabar. She is An Actress, A Film Producer and A Script Writer. She is a popular GLO Ambassador. Most of the movies she has featured in include: Visa To Hell, Scout, Girls' Hostel, Darkest Night, Black Bra, Secret Fantasy, My Sister My Love, World of Commotion, Most Wanted Bachelor, House of Doom, Greatest Harvest, Final Hour, Love Games, Beyoncé and Rehanna, Entanglement, Home in Exile, Mrs. Somebody, After The Proposal etc.

Monalisa Chinda

- 50 Million Naira

Chioma Chukwuka

– 46 Million Naira

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She was born on 12th day of March 1980 at Oraifite in Ekwusigo Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria. She obtained her degree in Banking and Finance from Lagos State University. She started acting in the year 2000 when she first featured in a movie titled “The Handkerchief”. In the year 2007, she won The Best Actress in a Lead Role Award at the African Movie Academy Awards. She has starred in over 80 movies. Most of the movies in which she has starred include: Red Soil, Asunder, Dead in Faith, Desperate Ambition, End of Discussion, Games Men Play, Royal Doom, Naked Sin, Last Dance, On My Wedding Day, The Saint, Strange Love, Total Crises, Traumatized, Wisdom of the Gods, Eagle's Bride, Golden Moon, Real Love, Moment of Truth, Second Adam, Years of Tears, Circle of Tears, Foul Play, Heavy Rain, Legacy, Promise and Fail, Unbroken Promise, Real Love, Sunrise, Cry No More, On Bended Knees, The Final Clash, Romantic Attraction etc.

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She is An Actress, Film Producer, Television Personality and Media Personality. She was born on 13th day of September 1974 in the city of Port Harcourt. She obtained a degree in Theatre Art from the University of Port Harcourt (UNIPORT). She started acting in 1996 and her first movie appearance was in the movie titled “Pregnant Virgin”. Most of the movies in which she featured are: Pregnant Virgin, Breaking Heart, City of Angels, Passionate Heart, Spirit Love, Gossip Nation, The Unthinkable, Above the Law, Anointed Liars, Kiss and Tell, Royal Grandmother, Memories of the Heart, Games Men Play etc.

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Healthpreneur Issues

THE TORCH MAGAZINE

PREVENTIVE HEALTH

Most Neglected Yet Most Essential

&

Dr. B. I. Agbionu University of Calabar Teaching Hospital

“Prevention they say is better than cure” but how many people have ever bordered on this statement to make meanings out of it. We are living in a world that is full of uncertainties. Many nations, groups and individuals globally have been wallowing in abject poverty which deprives them of many opportunities, pleasures and especially the basic necessities of life such as food, shelter, clothing, security of life and property, medical facilities etc. A great number of these people plunge themselves into doing so many things good and bad to make both ends meet. They get so much entangled into these activities that very many people neglect their health. When this neglect last for a long time, these people start developing one health problem or the other. These health problems which fully develop into one kind of sickness or the other take these people to hospitals some of them good hospitals while some end up in quarks depending on the extent of awareness, knowledge and income level. Some of these medical personnel consulted especially the quarks commence trial and error treatments without diagnosing what the exact problems are. The worse situation is that some of the “so called” medical personnel' use fake and adulterated drugs. The result is that these health conditions get worse instead of getting better. Consequent upon this is obvious demise of the unfortunate patient. This no doubt is one of the major reasons why death rate is on the increase in developing and underdeveloped countries of the world. But the unfortunate issue is that the above situation can be minimized or even entirely stopped with a good

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knowledge of preventive health. P re v e n t i v e health can literarily be defined as a process of taking some measures to guide against the occurrence of health problems. Common sense and from professional point of view states that all health problems can be prevented with adequate knowledge of the preventive strategies that are relevant to a particular health problem. Many people unfortunately are not aware of these preventive strategies and that is what this article intends to achieve. Some of the general preventive strategies which can be very useful in many health poblems are as follows:  Water therapy: This involves taking many cups of water up to about five cups, first thing in the morning before meal. Water is very important to our well-being. Experts state that human being can survive for one week or more without food but cannot survive without water. Water is a natural cleansing agent without side effects. A greater percentage of the human body is made up of water. It has also been proved that the older one grows, the more water the body needs for metabolic activities. To maintain a good water balance in the body, adults need to drink about eight liters of water daily. Children also need to drink enough water daily to maintain good health.  Regular Exercise:- Regular exercise enables the blood to circulate adequately all over the body. It

makes the heart to be strong and makes people to live long. This is because it makes the cells to revuginate. Sitting or lying down, arteries and veins taken to be active too much makes them inactive and the heart to be weak.  Clean Environment: Many countries of the world have bushes and other forms of untidy environments which act as breeding grounds for mosquitoes especially in Africa. If these environments internal and external are properly and regularly cleansed, mosquitoes and other rodents would not find breeding places.  Good Eating Habits: Experts say that you are what you eat. This simply implies that the type of foods people eat influence the types of life they live. Foods like vegetables, fruits, natural foods low in fats and oils are better than chemically processed foods, fried foods, and junk foods.  Drinking Alcohol and Smoking: Some people believe that drinking excessive alcohol and smoking different types of substances make them brave and courageous but they gradually draw them faster and closer to their graves. If you want to live long and enjoy life, do not drink alcohol and do not smoke at all. Though some level of alcohol is needed by your body but you can get them from the nat-

interview ural food you eat. Cultivate Positive Attitude: There are things that are natural and divine. Be happy with any situation you find yourself so far you are convinced that you have tried your best to make the situation better. Bad attitudes create tension in people and draw them far away from living a good life. In fact bad attitude can dispose people to developing poor health conditions.  Know the God you serve: Many people are convinced that they know God but do not. Going to church every day and even believing that you obey all God's commandments do not necessarily mean that one knows God completely. God is practical and any

body who claims to know God must be practical. Show love to people you come in contact with everyday especially in your office, shop, market, home etc. Do not plan evil against people, love and pray for your enemies. Work hard and trust in God and surely He will never fail. Be patient with Him and bring all your needs to Him in prayer.  Regular Medical Check-up: It is very good to visit the hospital for a medical check-up at least twice a year. Many people think that it is only people who are sick that go and see doctor. It is better to see your doctor for medical check-up so that the medical tests can reveal any abnormal health condition when it is still at an early

stage. This will enable the doctor to treat it before it grows big and uncontrollable. Apar t from routine medical checks, some people who are already sick especially diabetics, ulcer patients, hypertensive patients and even adults who are not obviously sick should also visit the hospital for BP checks, eye examinations, dental checks, sugar level checks etc. When you do all these religiously, you would have drastically reduced the incidence of many sicknesses especially fatal ones. This would no doubt convince you that prevention is not just better than cure but that preventive health is indispensable in every environment.

Premature

Grey Hair: CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS Okeke Mary Chika University of Port-harcourt, Rivers State

Hair in humans is a very important part of the general body structure. Though hair seems to occupy a skeletal aspect of human body but in the real sense hair actually occupy a major aspect of human body. This is because hair is seen in almost all the external skin surfaces. The presence of hair in the human body plays major roles of assisting in perspiration, protection and general good health. Grey hair generally is associated with old age and seen as a blessing to those who have them. But in the recent times, very many people among the youths wear grey hair. In as much as some people claim that grey hair at young age may be hereditary but studies in the literature has proved

that premature grey hair occurs as a result of insufficiency of certain nutrients of the body. Inositol is one of the three anti grey-hair B group vitamins; the other two are pantothenic acid and para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA). According to Bakhru (2010) “A liberal intake of inositol of up to 2,000mg, along with 10mg of pantothenic acid, and 100mg of paba, usually changes grey hair back to its normal color. To her, it would be preferable to take all these three vitamins in a farm which provides all the vitamins of the B group such as yeast, wheat germ, and liver. Baldness is another form of hair

malformation. Baldness usually occurs in men. It is considered as a nutritional deficiency which is caused by lack of inositol. Inositol is a vitamin that the body needs to form effectively. A deficiency of this vitamin causes animals to lose their hair. To solve this problem in animals, inositol is added to their food and when this happens, a new and healthy coat of hair grows. Male animals have been found to lose their hair more often than female animals.

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cover/economy interview

THE TORCH MAGAZINE

Know

the Books of your

Our Journey began at Genesis through Exodus. On the way, we met Leviticus re c o rd i n g t h e n u m b e r s of p e o p l e a t Deuteronomy, while Joshua was waiting at the beautiful gate for Judges to see Ruth calling loudly “Samuel! Samuel!!” At a stage, the first and second kings of the first and second chronicles were coming to visit Ezra, Nehemiah and Esther for the misfortune of Job their brother. Then they noticed that Mr. Psalms was teaching his children Proverbs concerning Ecclesiastes and Songs of Solomon. This coincided with the period that Isaiah and Jeremiah were engaged in Lamentation for Ezekiel and Daniel their friend. By that time, Hosea and Joel were not around. Three days later, Amos, Obadiah and Jonah travelled in the same ship with Micah and Nahum to Jerusalem. More so, Habakkuk visited Zephaniah who introduced him to Haggai a friend of Zachariah whose cousin is Malachi. Immediately af ter the old tradition, 40

Bible Ogenna Immaculate Agbionu

Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State

Matthew, Mark, Luke and John got involved in Acts with the Romans who were behaving like the First and Second Corinthians who were always at loggerheads with Galatians. At that time too, the Ephesians realizing that the Philippians were close to the Colossians, suggested to the Thessalonians that they should first of all see the first and second Timothy who had gone to the house of Titus to teach Philemon his younger brother how to read and write Hebrew. On hearing this, James asked the two Peters to explain to him how the Three Johns have disclosed to Jude the Revelation of our Lord Jesus Christ.

Codes

Dre ss

Dressing forms a major part of human appearance in both public and private places. It is an outer protective cover given to human body to protect it from external exposure to nakedness, cold and to give the body a beautiful and attractive looking in appearance. Dressing has numerous rules and regulations that guide and regulate it fondly called DRESS CODE:BLACK TIE dress codes. Today in the news of fashion, THE This is crystal clear for men—wears a tuxedo. It's a SUCCESSFUL ENTREPRENEUR INTERNATIONAL brings little more complicated for women who can the latest news on what every Dress Code really means, as technically wear anything from a long dress, to reported by Leah Bourne in www.stylecaster.com. dressy separates, to even a more formal cocktail dress. The best way to figure out what to wear is to dress according to what you expect the host to wear. Attending a high-end wedding? Then wear a gown. If, on the other hand, you're attending a work function that calls for black tie, it's more appropriate to wear a little black dress with statement jewelry.

One of the murkier dress codes, men is given the option of either wearing a tuxedo or a dark suit and a tie. Because men are given the option of dressing in a more casual manner, the dress code is more open for women too, who can wear anything from a long dress to a cocktail number. Think of it like this—you aren't expected to go all out as if you were attending the Oscars, but this dress code stills call for formal attire.

Dress-Code_Creative-Black-Tie

Fool Proof Outfit: An ankle grazing dress and statement jewelry for women and a black suit with a bow tie for men.

DRESS CODE:

COCKTAIL

DRESS CODE:

DRESS CODE:

BLACK TIE OPTIONAL

CREATIVE BLA CK TIE

Fool Proof Outfit: A long gown for women and a black tuxedo for men.

Photo Courtesy of Salvatore Ferragamo

Dress-Code_Cocktail Photo Via Classy Girls Wear Pearls

For guys this dress code calls for dark suits with a tie. For women, short dresses that are party ready. When in doubt ladies, wear a little black dress, and dress it up with fun jewelry. Fool Proof Outfit: A LBD for women and a suit and tie for men.

Creative black tie is the dress code that allows you to have fun. Men, for instance, should feel free to wear a black shirt or a red bow tie. Women are similarly encouraged to take their look less seriously. Still confused? Think of creative black tie as trendy black tie. Also, oftentimes creative black tie is the expectation at theme parties with a dress code of 1920s Black Tie or Texas Black Tie, and in those cases, choose a dressy look that works with the theme. For instance, with a dress code that calls for Texas Black Tie a man would be dressed appropriately in a tuxedo and cowboy boots, and a woman could don a gown and a cowboy hat. Fool Proof Outfit: A formal but trendy gown for women and a tuxedo with a black shirt for men.

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religion family

THE TORCH MAGAZINE DRESS CODE:

FESTIVE

A dress code that tends to pop up on invitations around the holidays, festive attire is similar to cocktail attire, but with a holiday bent, say a sparkly sequin dress or a red satin skirt. Fool Proof Outfit: A sequin party dress for women and a suit and holiday-themed ties for men. DRESS CODE:

BUSINESS CASUAL

Most offices have a dress code that calls for business casual. For women, pants and a blazer or a pencil skirt and a fun blouse, is the way to go. Guys can wears slacks or chinos and a collared shirt. Absolutely no jeans or sneakers. Fool Proof Outfit: Black trousers and a tweed blazer for women and khaki pants and a collared shirt (tucked in) for men.

Dress-Code_Festive Photo Via Pink Peonies

Dress-Code_Business-Casual Photo Via Camille Over the Rainbow

DRESS CODE:

CASUAL DRESSY This dress code calls for a just slightly dressier version of your most casual look. For women, elevate your goto pair of pants with a fun pair of ankle boots. For guys, dress up your favorite pair of jeans with a blazer and you'll be good to go. Fool Proof Outfit: Black pants, a blouse, and ankle boots for women, and jeans and a sport coat for men.

Dress-Code_Casual-Dressy Photo Via What I Wore

DRESS CODE:

Dress-Code_Casual Photo Via Shout Out To You DRESS CODE:

BUSINESS FORMAL

The dress code suggestion at many daytime semi-formal events (particularly work lunches and conferences), this dress code calls for a suit and tie for the guys and a tailored dress or a pantsuit for women. The idea is to wear something business appropriate, that also feels dressed up. Fool Proof Outfit: A pantsuit for women and a suit and tie for men.

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CASUAL

Anything goes in this case, including jeans and sneakers, and this dress code usually means you'll even be uncomfortable in anything but your most comfortable attire. Fool Proof Outfit: Jeans and sneakers for men and women.

morality

LOW COST AGRICULTURAL

START-UPS IN NIGERIA Eze Amadiogu. C.

Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka

The issue of unemployment in Nigeria has gathered momentum nowadays. It is so discouraging and hurting to see Nigerian graduates and workforce helplessly roam about the street without aim, vision, and mission. Some carry files about from one office to the other searching for white collar jobs. Nigeria is a country blessed with Natural Resources and Vibrant Economy but it lack good Leadership and effective Management and it is bedridden with social ills like corruption and political instability. Corruption is a cankerworm which has eaten deep into the cerebrum of the country; it is the worst enemy to national development. Nigeria is the Giant of Africa but it has the highest number of unemployed workforce. After its 55 years of independence it still dances to the tune of abject poverty. Though the situation seems

hopeless, all hope are not yet lost. The situation can still be curtailed by proffering numerous alternative solutions; one of which is a call to Uturn back to agriculture. Prior to the discovery and exploration of oil boom in the early 1970s, Agriculture was the strong pillar of Nigeria economy. The Eastern part of Nigeria were known for the production of palm of palm oil; the West were known for cocoa production while the Northerners produced groundnut, tomato, onions, beans etc. After the oil exploration, there seems to be a massive neglect of agriculture in the country. Since then, the country wholly depended on the oil proceeds as their source of income. Apart from being the strong hold of Nigeria economy, agriculture plays a vital role in the survival of human life because food is one of the four necessities of life on earth. Without

food, man cannot survive the adverse effect of hunger and malnutrition. According to United Nations food program.com, hunger and malnutrition are the number one risk factors to health worldwide- greater than AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis combined. But the good news according them is that hunger is solvable through the availability of food. The burning question that may arise at this juncture is “how can this food be available”? The answer of which is quite obvious and crystal clear that agriculture is the only source of food supply in the universe. However the numerous importance of agriculture in Nigeria and beyond cannot be overemphasized. Some people believe that agriculture is too expensive and capital intensive; but this belief is really a fallacy because Agriculture is broadly classified into two major compo-

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morality/sports

THE TORCH MAGAZINE

nents viz: Subsistence and Commercial agriculture. The Subsistence Agriculture is the one carried out on a small scale basis and at lower cost for family consumption and for sale in smaller quantity; while commercial agriculture is the one carried out on a large scale to satisfy the family and to meet market demand. However if one is unable to practice commercial agriculture, the alternative option is quite clear which is subsistence agriculture, thus there is no chance for excuse. There are various low cost agricultural startups in Nigeria depending on the aspect and the scale of production. According to agropreneurnaija. wordpress.com, the following are the six major low cost agricultural start-ups in Nigeria: 1. Vegetable production: Most vegetables have a short duration period and are categorized as catchcrops (fast growing crops). These include leafy vegetables like pumpkin, ewedu, amaranthus spp, okra, tomato, pepper, etc. A small bed at the back of your house can hold a vegetable garden that can adequately serve your neighborhood on a commercial basis providing constant source of fresh vegetables even to nearby markets. This on a large scale may require more capital than the backyard farm however; continuous production and good management can make a backyard producer into a large scale vegetable farmer. 2. Fruit Production: Some fruits are biennial or perennial requiring at least 2years or more before fruiting. However, fruits like cucumber, water melon, carrot, eggplant etc. can grow in months. Practical training may be required to successfully manage these. But they are not as capital intensive on a small scale relative to other farm ventures and they give faster return on investment. 3. Agricultural commodity marketing: This is one of the most interesting aspects of agribusiness. Many farmers have produce but do not necessarily have a ready market or do not know where the demand for their produce is. Often times

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they get to selloff at not so profitable prices. There are also individuals and organizations in need of certain agricultural produce but do not have access to farmers when they need these produce. As an agricultural commodity marketer you provide a valuable linkage between the sellers (farmers) and the buyers. This connection under an agreed contract assures the farmer of a ready market and the buyer of a ready and constant supply when needed, and the nexus get their agreed commission from the transaction. 4. Industrial processing of agricultural products: this is another step in food production value chain; a step ahead of crop production actually. Agricultural products require processing to improve its suitability for consumption or industrial use, depending on the final demand. Oil palm production, cracking of nuts, processing and packaging of food spices are few of the subsectors under industrial processing of agricultural products. 5. Agro commodity export: this is also a step ahead of industrial processing of agricultural products. You might decide to process your agricultural products strictly for export. This can also be on a small scale through friends and family abroad who need the local African food condiments or through a structured organization that provides such service with an existing infrastructure thereby saving you cost on registrations and certifications. With increase in dollar price to Naira, agricultural commodity export is an attractive option to take advantage of now. According to statistics from Nigeria export promotion council; there has been an increase in export from non-oil export segment with agriculture being one of the most notable non-oil export sectors. Some of the agricultural products that are exportable includes, pepper, crayfish, Iru (locust beans), garri, ginger, cashew, vegetables, food spices, cocoa, hide, groundnut etc. 6. Micro livestock and poultry f a r m i n g : r a b b i t p ro d u c t i o n ,

snailery, poultry are some low startup requiring ventures too. Rabbits are very prolific (giving birth to litter size of 6-10 rabbits) and have a gestation period of about 30days. With a mature male and 2-3 females you can start off. Snails are easy to manage in terms of feeding and housing requirement. Materials like baskets, tyres, and wooden hutches can form the housing. Although they require a longer waiting time to maturity the relatively very low financial requirement and the high demand for the delicacy of snail meat more than make up for the waiting period. When we talk about poultry, most times we think about chicken and turkey. However, poultry refers to all domestic birds. Among the list, quail farming is one of the least expensive to start off compared to chicken and turkey. Quail eggs are in high demand, and a mature female begins to lay at 6-8weeks of age. THE SUCCESSFUL ENTREPRENEUR INTERNATIONAL wishes to use this medium to encourage the world especially the people of Nigeria to invest in Agriculture because it is one of the major sources of income and the powerhouse of every stable Economy. For the fact that every living creature needs food for its survival is a better reason why Agric u l t u r e c a n n o t b e u n d e remphasized all over the world. The youths and the working force are advised to embrace Entrepreneurship and practical Agriculture as an Occupation for self- actualization in order to help the Government to curtail the increasing rate of unemployment and to eradicate the menace of abject poverty in the country. Start small to aim higher instead of dedicating most of your time to idleness. Do not forget that an idle mind is a devil's workshop. The Government on their own part also has a major role to play by encouraging the youths through the provision of Loans, Grants, Agricultural inputs and storage facilities to promote Economic empowerment of the youths.

sports IDEAPRONEUR AND IDEATROPHY (INVENT AND WIN PROMO)

INVENT AND WIN! INVENT AND WIN!! INVENT AND WIN!!! Proposals are invited from undergraduates in the Nigerian Universities, Polytechnics and Colleges of Education, secondary and primary schools, individuals who have left school and those who are on their own or unemployed. Youths who are involved in non-formal apprenticeship schemes are also involved in the contest. The contest which is going to be a regular programme will be organized in seven different categories. Category I: Student from Nigerian universities Category II: Students from the Polytechnics Category III: Students from the Colleges of Education Category IV: Students from the Secondary Schools Category V: Students from the Primary Schools Category VI: Students who have graduated from the above schools Category VII: Students in the non-formal apprenticeship schemes GENERAL CONDITIONS In addition to the specific conditions above, the general conditions of the contest are as follows: 1. The topic must be purely entrepreneurial 2. It must address a specific area 3. It must be achievable in the area of time frame 4. It must be realistic in terms of cost 5. The student must display good knowledge of the area 6. It must be original to the participant

PERvIZeryESboTdOy wBhEo WtaOkeNs

ust go home part in the duwohm ose who th e il s e z ri p h wit ond, excel in first, sepcositions third and foudrthprizes. with goo SPONSORS WANTED

Interested philanthropists or oganizations can contact the Editor of the Magazine for further details.

ASSOCIATION OF

ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATORS (AEE) Entrepreneurship has been seen as the wheel upon which national and international economies revolve. It has been embraced by many developed nations of the world and it has worked and is still working for them. Entrepreneurship has been embraced by the Nigerian government as a reliable tool for sustainable development. It has come to stay and the best way to maximize its potential is to encourage its teaching and learning theoretical and practical. This is why the Association of Entrepreneurship Educators (AEE) has been approved by NATIONAL UNIVERSITIES COMMISSION (NUC). AEE has a main focus of promoting entrepreneurship education in the universities in Nigeria. The Successful Entrepreneur Magazine is a duly registered member of AEE and in fact the foreword of its maiden edition was written by the Protem Secretary of the Association in Abuja. If you want to become a member of this association, please contact the Editor, The Successful Entrepreneur Magazine International.

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interview

Top

10 Highest Paid

Soccer Players 2015

Soccer is among the Most Popular sportsin the world, which is counted among the best paid sports of modern days. Because of its 250 million worldwide viewership, the famous soccer players get huge attention from the crowd especially from the football fans besides their extremely high yearly income. The clubs and national teams pay their players huge amount of salary as they also earn big bucks from the jersey sponsorships and television rights fees. Elite soccer players of various famous clubs also boost their yearly income besides their salary from the national teams and the clubs, with their huge endorsements and advertisement fees frommegabrands. Recent FIFA 2014 World Cup has proved itself as one of the best platforms for the players to get a huge contract for the advertisements of various brands such as Nike, Adidas, Pepsi, Volvo and various other companies. And here is the list of Top 10 Highest Paid Soccer Players 2015.

1

Cristiano Ronaldo

Portuguese national soccer player Cristiano Ronaldo is widely known as the CR7 and currently plays for RealMadrid in the Spanish Liga BBVA. According to the recent years' salary statistics, CR7 earns a total of $73 million per year out of which $49 million comes as the salary from the club and he also earns $24 million from his endorsements each year. His current major sponsors are Nike, Samsung, Tag Heuer, Fly Emirates and Herbalife for which he appeared in numerous ad campaigns throughout the world. He is currently in a contract with Spanish club Real Madrid for 5 years with a net worth of $206 million. Ronaldo also launched his own brand of underwear labeled CR7 last year which further boosts his net income per year. He is not merely the highest paid soccer player but is also one of the highest paid athletes in the world.

3 Zlatan Ibrahimovic Swedish national soccer player Zlatan Ibrahimovic is well known for his bicycle kick and currently plays for the Paris Saint-Germain in the French Ligue 1. According to the recent years' salary statistics, Ibrahimovic earns a total of $34 million per year out of which $30 million comes as the salary from the club and he also earns $4 million from his endorsements each year. His current major sponsors are Nike and Volvo for which he appeared in numerous ad campaigns throughout the world. He is the rst player over 20 years in the French league to score 30 goals as the league top scorer. Nonetheless, his efforts were not quite successful for his country as the Swedish team didn't qualify for the recent 2014 FIFA World Cup.

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Lionel Messi 2 Argentine national soccer player Lionel Andrés Messi is widely known as the Leo Messi and currently plays for Barcelona in the Spanish Liga BBVA. According to the recent years/ salary statistics, Messi earns a total of $65 million per year out of which $42 million comes as the salary from the club and he also earns $23 million from his endorsements each year. His current major sponsors are Adidas, Samsung, Pepsi, Turkish Airlines and Herbalife for which he appeared in numerous ad campaigns throughout the world. He won the FIFA Ballon d'Or for a record consecutive four times. One of his major sponsors, Adidas, launched his signature shoe last year before the recent FIFA World Cup. Last year he had orders to pay $6.5 million tax by the Spanish tax authority.

Neymar Jr.

4

Brazilian national soccer player Neymar da Silva Santos Júnior is widely known just as Neymar and currently plays for Barcelona in the Spanish Liga BBVA. According to the recent years' salary statistics, Neymar Jr. earns a total of $28 million per year out of which $12 million comes as the salary from the club and he also earns $16 million from his endorsements each year. His current major sponsors are Nike, Castrol, Panasonic, L'Oreal and Volkswagen for which he appeared in numerous ad campaigns throughout the world. He entered into a contract worth of $124 million with the Spanish club Barcelona in 2013. He received a total of $13 million signing bonus which included in his net transfer fees from Brazilian club Santos.

Radamel Falcao

5

Colombian national soccer player Radamel Falcao García Zárate is widely known as Falcao García and currently plays for Manchester United on loan from AS Monaco in the English Premier League. According to the recent years' salary statistics, Radamel Falcao earns a total of $26 million per year out of which $23 million comes as the salary from the club and he also earns $3 million from his endorsements each year. His current major sponsors are sports megabrand Puma, as well as Samsung and Gillette, for which he appeared in numerous ad campaigns throughout the world. He was also nicknamed El Tigre during his career with Atletico Madrid where he scored 34 goals in 41 caps. He is now in a 5-year contract with the French team AS Monaco.

6

Wayne Rooney

Gareth Bale

Wales's national soccer player Gareth Frank Bale is widely known just as Gareth Bale and currently plays for Real Madrid in the Spanish Liga BBVA. According to the recent years' salary statistics, Gareth Bale earns a total of $24 million per year out of which $15 million comes as the salary from the club and he also earns $9 million from his endorsements each year. His current major sponsors are sports megabrand Adidas, EA Sports and Lucozade for which he appeared in numerous ad campaigns throughout the world. His recent contract with Spanish club Real Madrid in 2013 pays him up to $456,000 in weekly wages. He also got a transfer fee worth of $118 million from Real Madrid during his transfer from English Premier League Tottenham Hotspur.

7

England's national soccer player Wayne Mark Rooney is widely known just as Wayne Rooney and currently plays for Manchester United in the English Premier League. According to the recent years' salary statistics, Wayne Rooney earns a total of $22 million per year out of which $18 million comes as the salary from the club and he also earns $4 million from his endorsements each year. His current major sponsors are sports megabrand Nike, as well as Samsung and Harper Collins, for which he appeared in numerous ad campaigns throughout the world. This 10-year veteran of the Manchester United signed a 4 contract with the team in 2013 with a contract fee of $104 million. He is also the fan favorite in terms of jersey sales.

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10 Fernando Torres Spanish national soccer player Fernando José Torres Sanz is widely known just as Fernando Torres and currently plays for the A.C. Milan in the Italian Serie A on loan from the English club Chelsea F.C. According to the recent years' salary statistics, Fernando Torres earns a total of $20 million per year out of which $17 million comes as the salary from the club and he also earns $3 million from his endorsements each year. His current major sponsors are sports megabrand Adidas and Pepsi for which he appeared in numerous ad campaigns throughout the world. In 2013, he switched boot sponsors from Nike to Adidas and became a brand face of the company. He was also featured as the front and center of their campaigns for the recent FIFA 2014 World Cup.

Sergio Aguero

Argentine national soccer player Sergio Leonel Agüero Del Castillo is widely known just as Sergio Aguero and currently plays for Manchester City in the English Premier League. According to the recent years' salary statistics, Sergio Aguero earns a total of $21 million per year out of which $17 million comes as the salary from the club and he also earns $4 million from his endorsements each year. His current major sponsors are sports megabrand Puma, as well as Pepsi and Gillette for which he appeared in numerous ad campaigns throughout the world. The club already signed his extension till the 2017 football season. Puma made him their highest paid soccer player with an endorsement deal in 2011.

Yaya Toure

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Ivory Coast's national soccer player Gnégnéri Yaya Touré is widely known just as Yaya Touré and currently plays for Manchester City in the English Premier League. According to the recent years' salary statistics, Yaya Touré earns a total of $21 million per year out of which $18 million comes as the salary from the club and he also earns $3 million from his endorsements each year. His current major sponsors are sports megabrand Puma for which he appeared in numerous ad campaigns throughout the world. According to his long-term deal with Puma, clothing and shoes will be donated to underprivileged in West Africa as a charitable component. His recent contract extension with Manchester City earned him a total of $334,000 weekly salary.

Many other amazing football stars such as the legendary Dutchman Robin Van Persie and third runner-up for the 2013 Ballon d'Or Franck Ribery also deserve honorable mention in the list of highest paid soccer players. Van Persie currently gets $16 million salary from Manchester United along with his $3 million endorsements. Ribery also gets a whopping $17 million salary from Bayern Munich beside his endorsement earnings of $1 million. OUR IMPRESSION Awards do not just come. In most cases they are merited through the efforts of those who won them. Sports are another area the spirit of entrepreneurship thrives. In most cases, the gifts to excel in sports are naturally inherited and in some other cases they are learned. Our experiences show that the gifts to excel in sports are usually inherited. What matters to The Successful Entrepreneur Magazine not whether the gift is inherited or learned but what matters more to us is what the owner of the gift makes out of it. We advise those who nd themselves in the area of sports either through the gift of God or through a learning process to nurture their gifts so that they can excel in it. The word of God said Fan into ame the gift you have received so that you can use it to serve God effectively and efficiently. The extent of nurture you give the gift the extent it is going to be useful to you in achieving your entrepreneurial objectives.

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on the internet EducationUSA info/5_steps_to_study/ from an EducationUSA adviser in CD or flash drive (thumb drive) versions that run without internet access as a 3D virtual advising exprience at Facebook.com/YourFiveStepsUSStudy

Your 5 Steps to U.S Study gives students a timeline to follow and practical tips for each step to help students navigate the U.S.college search, application, financial aid, visa, and pre-departure processes.

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The Nature of Nigerian

EducationSystem Prof Edwin Agbionu

Sir, please can you explain further on the nature of the problems of the Nigerian Educational system? According to R.S Peters, “Education is the process of transmitting to the oncoming generation what is worthwhile”. By implication, Education will provide solution to the needs of the recipients but in the Nigerian situation, the Education tries to not really solve the needs of the recipients. However our Education system is Education for certification rather than Education for living. It is the Education for living that solves the needs of the recipients. The needs of any society continues to change as they pass through spheres of the development process, hence the Education system has to be adjusted to the changes in needs but unfortunately the Education provided by the colonial masters meant to solve the barrier in communication by then is still not different from what we are having today despite several changes in the needs of the Nigerian environment. Although we have been projecting nomenclature changes such as 6,3,3,4 and the likes but the same curricula continues to persist. Our interest is in expansion of institutions rather than expansion in the desired institutional services. This leads to the economic paradox of expanding institution to provide the skills that may reduce unemployment; but at the same time increasing unemployment as we expand the institution. In our traditional Education system, there is no room for unemployment. At the completion of the programme, the products immediately provide the needs of the environment for which they were trained being automatically employed. This is Education for living. What really is responsible for these problems? Yes, this is as a result of irrelevant curricula provided by Education planners which do not focus on the problem of our immediate environment. Our economy is about 70% traditional but our curricula focus on modern economy alienating the product of our Education, Hence the prob-

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Education is meant to achieve a purpose in the life of man through its rigorous training process. One of the major purposes of education is to solve the needs of the environment. Really, whether this is the case in the Nigerian environment one needs to find out. Hear what Prof Edwin Agbionu, an economist and educationist has to say.

lem of mass graduate unemployment. Sir, please what can be the possible remedy to these problems? The efforts should start from putting the round pegs in the round holes i.e. giving the opportunity for the experienced Educationist to be involved in Educational planning. The planning must involve focusing the curricula to the needs of the environment such as the curricula that will produce those that will create job rather than those that would seek for job leading to a reduced unemployment rate. By this we will be deemphasizing the philosophy of Education for certification which constitutes the bane of our educational system. We should put more emphasis on Education for living which was the target of our then successful traditional Education. Our traditional Education never expanded the problem of unemployment. Sir, what is your advice to the young ones? The system has been failed by macro-economic planning; however micro arrangement is a necessity. As the society has been failed by those who plan for the whole society, the individuals should try to bail themselves out on their individual initiatives. The parents should struggle to make sure the children get the Education that will solve their needs, rather than what the public planners encourage them to practice. By this, I am suggesting that the youths should go after what will provide employment for them as Education and not following the band wagon in clamoring for unrest in Education even up to the level of that of the professor irrespective of their talents or ability.

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