Index. 203 a: a novel (Warhol), 116–117. A. C. Nielsen Co., 24–25. Abe, Shuya,
48, 50 abstract expressionism, 58. Acconci, Vito, 157–158, 160, 162, 163,.
Index
Boldface type indicates illustrations. a: a novel (Warhol), 116–117 A. C. Nielsen Co., 24–25
audio playback, 52, 55, 76, 77–78 Autobiography of Malcolm X, 125
Abe, Shuya, 48, 50 abstract expressionism, 58 Acconci, Vito, 157–158, 160, 162, 163, 189n16 acid. See LSD counterculture acid video, 96 Adorno, Theodor W., 175n5, 197n27 advertising, 21, 24, 140. See also commercials African Americans. See minority access and representation “Afterlude to the Exposition of Experimental Television” (Paik), 10–11 After Walker Evans #3 (Levine), 36 Agamben, Giorgio, 193n50 Ailes, Roger, 142 All About Radio and Television (Gould), 5, 6, 10–11, 13–14 Allen, Craig, 140, 141 All in the Family, 151 Alpert, Richard, 76 Ant Farm, 99 Antin, David, 37 Antin, Eleanor, 181n1 anti–Vietnam war movement, 65, 67 Appadurai, Arjun, 29–31 Aquarius Rising (Santelli), 78 Arendt, Hannah, xi, 82 Arnaz, Desi, 148, 149, 150–152 art history as political science, xiii, 69 Asher, Michael, 30, 32–33 assemblage, 70 Audimeter, 24–25
avatars, 163, 166, 168, 170, 171 Balch, Antony, 183n20 Ball, Lucille, 148, 149, 150–153, 157 Baraka, Amiri (LeRoi Jones), 123–124, 126 Barthes, Roland, 170, 200n65 Barzyk, Fred, 46, 181n6, 182n11 Bateson, Gregory, 40, 48, 93 Battcock, Gregory, 60 Bed-In for Peace, 166, 167 Benjamin, Walter, 35 Bennett, Lerone, Jr., 124, 126 Bevirt, Ron, 77–78 Bhabha, Homi K., 28–30 Big Chill, The, 101 black extremism, 124–125 Black Panther, The, 126, 127 Black Panthers, 88–89, 125, 129, 144 Black Power, 87, 124–126 blaxploitation films, 126, 131 Boddy, William, 15, 18, 20–21 Bodroghkozy, Aniko, 198n37 Bois, Yve-Alain, 196n21 Boorstin, Daniel, 39, 109 Boyle, Deirdre, 101 Brakhage, Stan, 78, 80 Breitz, Candice, 200n61 Brockman, John, 113, 121 Buchloh, Benjamin H. D., 35, 175n5 Burroughs, William S., 52, 55, 61, 77 Butler, Judith, 61 Buzzard, Karen S., 21
INDEX
203
204
cable access television, 87–88, 91, 96–98 “Cable Television” (Ryan), 189n17 “Cable Television: A Signal for Change,” 88, 89 Cage, John, 50 Cale, John, 120 Campus, Peter, 96, 163 capitalism, 30, 70, 72 Carroll, Paul, 14
community access, 103, 105–106. See also minority access and representation conceptual art, 3 constructivism, 187n71 consumer credit, 38–39 consumer desire, 18–19, 24 consumerism, 3, 18, 26, 39, 63, 65, 113 Crimp, Douglas, 35 Crow, Thomas, 31
Castro, Fidel, 109, 112 CATV. See cable access television Cavell, Stanley, 25–26 Cavett, Dick, 113, 115, 121 CCTV. See closed-circuit television Center of Decentralized Television, 93 cir (Campus), 156, 157 Clark, T. J., 69–70 Close, Glenn, 101 closed-circuit television (CCTV), 97, 98. See also cable access television closed-circuit video works, 93, 96–98, 101, 105 Coca-Cola Bottles (Warhol), 16 Coffin, Thomas E., 21 Cohen, Lizabeth, 103, 105 commercials, 111–113, 166, 168. See also advertising commercial television. See network broadcasting; television programming commercial underwriting, 17–18 commercial versus fine art, 31, 34 commodity definitions, 15, 29–30, 45 destabilization of, 72–73, 83 identity as, 72 networks, 3, 6, 10, 14, 15, 17, 20–21, 26, 40, 50–52, 58, 80, 97–98, 112 as sign, 70 television sets, 10, 15, 17, 27, 29–30 television viewers as, 15, 21, 24–25, 111
Cruse, Harold, 87–88 Curtin, Michael, 196n24 Cutrone, Ronnie, 120 Cut Ups, The, 183n20 cyberfeminist theory, 174n4 cybernetic theory, 112 cyborg-receiver circuits, 27–28
INDEX
D’Allesandro, Joe, 13 “Death of Hippie, Son of Mass Media” (Diggers), 67, 68, 72 Decker-Phillips, Edith, 10 De Jong, Constance, 163 democracy, television’s effects on, xi–xii, 87, 115 Democratic National Convention (1968), 110, 111–112 Device (Johns), 55, 56, 58 Dichter, Ernest, 18–19, 113 Diggers, 67, 68, 69, 71–73, 82–83, 111, 112–113, 122 Dillon, Kathy, 157, 158, 160, 162 distributed objectivity, 6 Dog Star Man (Brakhage), 79 Doors of Perception, The (Huxley), 73 Douglas, Emory, 127 Duchamp, Marcel, 50–52, 55, 57–58, 60, 63 eco-formalism, xii, 45 Eisenhower, Dwight, 139–140, 141, 145–146
Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test, The (Wolfe), 77 “Electronic Art II” (exhibition), 58 Electronic Opera #1 (Paik), 48, 49 Electronic Revolution (Burroughs), 52, 55 electronics manufacturing, 15, 17 Ellis, John, 146, 149, 153, 155 EPI. See Exploding Plastic Inevitable Erin Brockovich, 101 Essay on Liberation (Marcuse), 70 Evans, Walker, 35, 138
Galeria Bonino, New York, 58 Galerie Parnass, Wuppertal, 10 Gattaca, 101 Gershuny, Phyllis, 93 Gillette, Frank, 28, 30, 93, 96–99, 101 Ginsberg, Allen, 65 Gitlin, Todd, 115 Global Groove (Paik), 81 Global Village, 96 Gould, Jack, 6, 10–11, 13–14
“Expanded Education” (Paik), 97 Exploding Plastic Inevitable (Warhol), 116, 118–119, 120–122, 129 “Exposition of Music—Electronic Television” (Paik), 7, 8, 9, 10–11, 13
Graham, Dan, 96, 105–106 Gray Alphabets (Johns), 58, 59 Greenberg, Clement, 34 Grogan, Emmett, 72 guerrilla television, 90, 97, 125 Guerrilla Television (Shamberg and Raindance Corp.), 86, 87, 91, 98, 101, 113 Gysin, Brion, 183n20
F. William Free & Company, 13, 14 “Fact of Television, The” (Cavell), 25–26 Factory, The (Warhol), 117, 168, 169, 170 Farewell to an Idea (Clark), 69 Federal Communications Commission (FCC), 20, 88, 91 feedback, 17, 28, 31, 39–40, 77, 96, 99, 103, 105–106, 113, 120, 157, 162, 163, 166 fetish, 28–30 figure-ground relationship, 60, 111–112, 113, 115, 122, 125, 145, 146, 150, 152, 155, 157, 166 film, 19, 28, 76–78, 101, 103, 126, 128–129, 131 Foucault, Michel, 26, 170, 178n48 Fountain (Duchamp), 57 Four More Years (TVTV), 95, 100 Francis, Mark, 200n64 Frank, Thomas, 72 Frankfurt School, 6 Free, William, 14 Free Speech Movement, 65 Fried, Michael, 155 Friedlander, Lee, 135, 138 Fuller, R. Buckminster, 93
Haacke, Hans, 181n1 Haight-Ashbury, 67, 68, 71, 80 happenings, 73 Haraway, Donna J., 27, 61, 174n4 “Hate That Hate Produced, The,” 124– 125 Hayles, N. Katherine, 174n4, 184n36 Henaut, Dorothy, 189n17 hippie counterculture, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 82–83, 113 Hoffman, Abbie, 71, 108, 109, 111– 113, 115–116, 120–122, 125–126, 129, 139, 166 Hollywood, 28 Horkheimer, Max, 175n5, 197n27 Houseboat Summit, 64, 65, 71, 82 House Commerce Committee, 25 Howard Wise Gallery, New York, 91, 93 “How Television Changes Strangers into Customers” (Simmons and Coffin), 21, 22–23, 24 Human Be-In, 65
INDEX
205
Humphrey, Hubert H., 134, 135, 138– 139 Hurt, William, 101, 102 Huxley, Aldous, 73, 76 “Hypnagogically Seeing America” (Brakhage), 78 I Love Lucy, 148, 149, 150–153, 163 image ecologies, xii, 45–46, 48, 60, 61, 70, 83, 171 image events, metaphors for assessing, xii–xiii image itself, politics of, xi–xii, 50, 69– 71, 111 image producer, xii In Advance of the Broken Arm (Duchamp), 52, 53 information networks, 3, 11, 13, 27–30, 52, 93 information theory, 112 Internet, 91, 171, 201n1 “In the Hands of Citizens” (Henaut and Kline), 189n17 Jameson, Fredric, 30, 180n68 Jewish Museum, New York, 93 Johns, Jasper, 50–51, 55, 57–58, 63, 173n1, 188n16 Jonas, Joan, 157, 159, 160, 161, 162– 163, 164–165 Jones, LeRoi. See Baraka, Amiri Kelly, Ellsworth, 145 Kennedy, Jacqueline Bouvier, 168, 170 Kennedy, John F., 139–142, 144–146 Kesey, Ken, 76–77 Kienholz, Edward, 70 Killer Raid, 4 King, Martin Luther, Jr., 125 Kline, Bonnie, 189n17 Kline, Kevin, 101 Kluge, Alexander, 173n3, 187n1 Klüver, Billy, 61
206
INDEX
Korot, Beryl, 93 Krauss, Rosalind, 34–35, 188n16, 190n24 Kubler, George, 63, 83 land art, 3 Lang, Gladys Engel, 144–145 Lang, Kurt, 144–145 Large Glass, The (Duchamp), 51 Lear, Norman, 151 Leary, Timothy, 65, 67, 69, 71, 74, 76, 81–83 Lee, Pamela, 179n59, 198n41 Left Side Right Side (Jonas), 159, 160 Lennon, John, 166, 167, 168 Levine, Les, 30, 96 Levine, Sherrie, 35 life-actor, 72, 111, 112–113 Lissitzky, El, 69–70 “Little Screens, The” (Friedlander), 135– 138 Live-Taped Video Corridor (Nauman), 154, 155, 157 Lohr, Lenox R., 17 Lomax, Louis, 124 LSD counterculture, 65, 67, 71–74, 76– 77, 80, 81. See also psychedelia Magnet TV (Paik), 75 Malanga, Gerard, 120 Marcuse, Herbert, 70–73 Marriage of Reason and Squalor, The (Stella), 147 Mary Tyler Moore Show, The, 151 McBee, Susanna, 135, 138 McGinniss, Joe, 142 McLuhan, H. Marshall, 27, 35, 37, 40, 46, 80, 93, 142, 144 McNamara, Robert S., xi media, distinguished from medium, 34– 35, 37, 40 media, economics of, 38–39, 40, 45– 46, 48, 103, 128
media, politics of, 38–39, 40, 69, 80, 87–88, 90, 109, 111–113, 121–122 media activism, 98, 105, 109, 111– 113, 115, 121–122. See also cable access television; Media-America Media-America, 87, 90–91, 98, 101, 103, 105, 111, 112, 113, 115, 122, 123–124, 126, 149, 166, 171 media ecology, 30, 34, 93, 103, 163 media economy, 113
networked objectivity, 6 New Left, 121 Newton, Huey P., 126, 129 New York State Council on the Arts, 91 Nielsen ratings, 24–25 Nixon, Richard M., 48, 139, 141–142, 143, 144–146 “no title” (Asher), 32, 33
mediascape, 30, 45 Medium Is the Medium, The, 48 Mekas, Jonas, 120, 121–122 Mellencamp, Patricia, 152–153 Merry Pranksters, 76–78 Metaphors of Vision (Brakhage), 78 Metzner, Ralph, 76 Midgette, Allen, 200n58 minority access and representation, 87– 90, 103, 122–126, 128–129, 131 Mitchell, John N., 48 Mitchell, W. J. T., 183n15 modernism, 28, 35, 37, 40 Monroe, Marilyn, 168 Montgomery, Robert, 141 Moorman, Charlotte, 60–61, 62 Morrison, Sterling, 120 Morse, Margaret, 139, 145
73, 76, 81, 157 O’Dell, Kathy, 198n45 Ogbar, Jeffrey O. G., 125 Ondine, 117 Ono, Yoko, 166, 167, 168 On Photography (Sontag), 45 Organic Honey’s Vertical Roll (Jonas), 161, 162–163, 164–165, 199n51 Organic Honey’s Visual Telepathy (Jonas), 162 Outer and Inner Space (Warhol), 192n42 Owens, Craig, 35
Name, Billy, 120 Namuth, Ron, 120 National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders, 88, 122–123 National Black Political Convention, 88 Nation of Islam, 124–125 Nauman, Bruce, 28, 155, 157, 163 Negt, Oskar, 173n3, 187n1 network. See commodity: networks; information networks; network broadcasting network broadcasting, xii, 17, 20, 46, 48, 58, 99, 113. See also cable access television; television programming
object as energy patterns, 58, 60, 63,
Paik, Nam June, 8, 9, 10–11, 13–14, 28, 30, 45–46, 48, 50–52, 55, 58, 60–61, 63, 71, 76, 81–83, 97, 112 Paik-Abe Video Synthesizer, 46, 47, 48, 50 Parsons, Talcott, 38–39 Participation TV 1 (Paik), 81 “Pathologies of Epistemology” (Bateson), 48 “Pentagon Papers,” xi performance art, 3 Philadelphia (Friedlander), 136–137 philanthropy, 46, 48 Philosophy of Andy Warhol, The (Warhol), 116 Piper, Adrian, 182n10 political science, xiii, 38, 144 politics, American, 34, 71, 99, 110, 135, 138–142, 144–146, 149–150 politics, viral, 52, 55
INDEX
207
Pollock, Jackson, 58 pop art, 3, 15, 70, 72–73, 115, 168 portapak cameras, 91, 99 postmodernism, 6, 35 poststructuralism, 6, 40, 52 presidential image, and television, 135, 138–142, 144–146 Pryings (Acconci), 157, 158, 160 pseudo-events, 109–112 psychedelia, 63, 65, 66, 73, 74, 76–
Rucker, Allen, 99 Rutherford, Paul, 174n3 Ryan, Paul, 189n17 Ryan, Ted, 174n1
78, 80, 82–83, 96. See also LSD counterculture Psychedelic Experience, The (Leary, Metzner, and Alpert), 76 public speech, privatization of, xi public television, 45–46, 48, 99, 182n11 Pulp Fiction, 101
Sconce, Jeffrey, 176n8 SDS. See Students for a Democratic Society Seale, Bobby, 126 Sedgwick, Edie, 117 Segura, Phyllis, 93 Seldes, Gilbert, 19–20 Selling of the President, The (McGinniss), 142 semiotics, 69–70 Serra, Richard, 34, 105 sev (Campus), 157 Shaft, 126, 131 Shamberg, Michael, 87, 90–91, 93, 98– 99, 101, 103, 105, 106, 113 Shape of Time, The (Kubler), 63 Siepmann, Charles, 20 Silverstein, Michael, 173n4 Simmons, Willard, 21 situation comedy, 146, 149–153 Sklover, Thea, 96 Smith, Jack, 128 Smith, Ralph Lee, 91 Snyder, Gary, 65 “Software” (exhibition), 93 Sommerville, Ian, 183n20 Sontag, Susan, 45, 171 Spigel, Lynn, 150–151, 178n45 Stanton, Frank, 20–21 Stella, Frank, 145 stereotype, 29 Stone, Allucquère Rosanne, 174n4 street theater, 68, 72, 110, 111
Radical Software, 93, 94, 96–97 radio, 17, 18, 21 Raindance Corporation, 91, 93, 96, 98–99 Rancière, Jacques, 150, 152, 163, 170, 197n29 Raskin, Jonah, 121 Rather, Dan, 99 ratings industry, 24–25 ratio, 35, 37, 39, 40 Rauschenberg, Robert, 173n1 Reactive Mind (Burroughs), 52 readymade, 50–52, 55, 57–58, 60, 63, 97, 168, 171 reality television, 151–152 recursivity, 35, 37, 39, 40 Reed, Lou, 120 reification, teleology of, 6 Reinhardt, Ad, 145 Revolution for the Hell of It (Hoffman), 109, 111–112, 122 Riesman, David, 37 Rockefeller Foundation, 46 Ronell, Avital, 149–150 Rubin, Barbara, 120
208
INDEX
San Francisco Mime Troupe, 71 Santelli, Robert, 78 Sassen, Saskia, 174n2 Savio, Mario, 65 Schneider, Ira, 28, 30, 93, 96–99, 101
Strickland, William, 125 Students for a Democratic Society, 115 Summer of Love, 65, 80 Superfly, 126, 131 Sweet Sweetback’s Baadasssss Song (Van Peebles), 126, 128–129, 130, 131 Target with Plaster Casts (Johns), 58 Taylor, Elizabeth, 168, 170 television, history of, 15, 17–21, 24–26 Television Broadcasting (Lohr), 17 Television Delivers People (Serra), 104, 105 television programming, 17–20, 45, 87, 88, 91, 103, 111, 112, 122–126, 146 television sets as commodities, 10, 15, 17 as cyborgs, 27–28 prepared, 10–11 as signal receivers, 11, 13 television showroom. See commodity televisual ecology, 48, 50 televisual politics. See politics, American tension differential, 18–19 Third Mind, The (Burroughs and Gysin), 54 Ticket That Exploded, The (Burroughs), 52, 77 Time Delay Room 5 (Graham), 107 Time for Coke—Checkers, 2 Top Value Television. See TVTV Torres, Sasha, 194n61 Towers Open Fire, 183n20 trajective principle, 6, 10, 14, 28, 30, 50, 58 “Trip without a Ticket” (Diggers), 72 “TV as a Creative Medium” (exhibition), 91, 92, 93 TV Cello (Yalkut and Paik), 60–61, 62 TV Garden (Paik), 44, 182n12 TV $199 (Warhol), 114, 115 TV Sea (Paik), 182n12
TVTV, 99, 101 TVTV Show, 99, 101 Underground Sundae (Warhol), 10, 12, 13–14 Understanding Media (McLuhan), 142 Van Peebles, Melvin, 90, 126, 128–129, 130, 131, 139 Vassi, Marco, 96, 189n17 Velvet Underground, 118–119, 120 “Via Los Angeles” (exhibition), 32 “Victory” (McBee), 134, 135 video art, 10–11, 13, 28, 30, 34, 37, 45, 52, 83, 91, 96, 97, 98, 157, 160, 162–163, 166. See also closed-circuit video works; media ecology; video installations; specific artists and titles video ecology, xiii, 152 Video Fish (Paik), 182n12 Videofreex, 96 video installations, 154, 155, 156, 157 video mosaics, 48 “Video Synthesizer Plus” (Paik), 81 Vietnam, xi viewer-as-citizen, 153, 155 viewer choice, 24–26 viewer isolation, 26 viral aesthetics, 48, 50, 51, 55, 57–58, 60–61, 63, 72, 82–83, 90, 112, 125, 131, 171 Virilio, Paul, 6, 30 visual culture, 31, 34, 69, 179n58 “Voyage on the North Sea, A” (Krauss), 34 Wallace, Mike, 99, 125 Warhol, Andy, 10, 12–14, 70, 109, 112, 115–117, 120–122, 128, 129, 139, 168, 169, 170 Watts, Alan, 65, 82 Watts riots (1965), 71 Weber, Samuel, 195n2, 196n23 Whole World Is Watching, The (Gitlin), 115
INDEX
209
Wiener, Norbert, 39–40, 112, 191n34 Williams, Megan, 99 Williams, Raymond, 13 Wipe Cycle (Gillette and Schneider), 92, 93, 96–97, 99, 101 “Wired Nation, The” (Smith), 91 witnessing, television as, 26 Wolfe, Tom, 77 Woodstock festival, 78 Writing for Television (Seldes), 19 X, Malcolm, 125–126 Yippies, 109, 111–113, 116, 120–122, 125, 144 Zen philosophy, 11, 76, 96
210
INDEX
