Modelo normalizado de ficha para asignaturas

11 downloads 70678 Views 117KB Size Report
Department of Physiology, 1st Floor, Faculty of Pharmacy. Phone: ... Human Nutrition and Dietetics. ▫ Dra. Martínez Burgos: .... Human physiology / Stuart Ira Fox.
TEACHING GUIDE

Academic year 2013-2014

HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY

MODULE

CONTENT

YEAR

TERM

CREDITS

TYPE

MEDICINE AND PHARMACOLOGY

PHYSIOLOGY

2st

1st

6 ECTS

Obligatory

LECTURERS Teoría: Grupo C (mañana) - Elena Planells del Pozo Grupo E (tarde) - Cristina Sánchez González - Mª Alba Martínez Burgos

CONTACT INFORMATION

Department of Physiology, 1st Floor, Faculty of Pharmacy. Phone: 958243879 Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Prácticas - Teresa Nestares Pleguezuelo - Jesús Porres Foulquié - Cristina Sánchez González DEGREE WITHIN THE SUBJECT IS TAUGHT

TUTORING AND MEETINGS

Human Nutrition and Dietetics

▪ Dra. Martínez Burgos: Monday/Tuesday/Thursday: 10.00 - 12.00 .Tutorship office (In front of Aula A10) F. of Sciences ▪ Dra. Sánchez González: Monday (alll the morning) F. Pharmacy. ▪ Dra. Planells: Friday 8.30-14.30. F. Pharmacy

PREREQUISITES and/or RECOMMENDATIONS Prerequisites: those necessary to access to the degree, related with the level of formation that the student must acquire to accede to the University. Recommendations: to have previous basic knowledge (background knowledge of Chemistry, Anatomy and Histology, Biochemistry, Metabolism. A good standard of English and informatics skills are also required. BRIEF ACCOUNT OF THE SUBJECT PROGRAMME The programme has a high degree of coherence and integration and cover a diverse range of topics, while reflecting particular strengths within the biological and life sciences and there is a clear coherence between the different modules. Physiology is a study of the normal functions of cells, organs and systems of the living body, the mechanisms by which they are achieved and the regulation of functional activities to maintain the homeostasis, therefore the programme has been divided into thematic units just for didactic purposes, but during the course we will integrate all the body systems defining their links to maintain the homeostasis. Particular issues to be considered cover: Endocrine System, Reproductive System. Physiology of the somatic nervous system: sensory and motor Thermoregulation. Integumentary System. General adaptation syndrome.

Page 1

GENERAL AND PARTICULAR ABILITIES Instrumental 1. Capacity for analysis and synthesis 2. Faculty of organization and planning 3. Enhancing the ease of oral and written communication in native language 4. Growing knowledge of a foreign language 5. Acquisition of knowledge related to field of study, with special consideration of the management of databases related to this subject MEDLINE, SCI, etc..). 6. Ability to solve problems 7. Decision making Personal 8. Ability to work in a team and collaborate effectively with others 9. Ability to work in interdisciplinary teams 10. Improved strategies in interpersonal relationships 11. Recognition of diversity and multiculturalism 12. Development of critical thinking 13. Manifestation of an ethical commitment Systemic 14. Applying knowledge to practice 15. Research Skills 16. Ability to learn (learning to learn) 17. Genesis of initiatives to think creatively and develop new ideas and concepts 18. Leadership skills 19. Ability to self-employment 20. Increased initiative and entrepreneurship 21. To sensitize students to the interest in the quality of their own performance and see generating systems to ensure the quality of the services themselves 22. Design and project management 23. Possession of sensitivity to environmental issues Other Skills 24. Preparing to take responsibility 25. Perception of the importance of self-criticism in order to improve future actions 26. Learn to assess the personal involvement and knowledge of own skills and limitations 27. Relations: being able to establish and maintain relationships with other professionals and institutions relevant 28. Know how to develop multimedia presentations 29. Learning to effectively learn from books and magazines, as well as from other sources of information 30. Effective ability to obtain information from others OBJECTIVES (EXPRESSED IN TERMS OF EXPECTED RESULTS OF THE TEACHING PROGRAMME) These objectives can be broken down specifically as follows: Cognitive (Knowledge): • Getting students can apply their scientific knowledge and methods acquired in this course for the understanding of other disciplines in the curriculum and in the exercise of their professional activity. • Ensure that students have a scientific and inclusive vision of the structure and function of the human body.

Page 2

Procedural / Instrumental (Learn how): • Provide the student with a satisfactory model for learning techniques and their possible use in the future. • Consolidate by demonstrating acquired theoretical knowledge. • Provide students become familiar with the most common experimental techniques in Physiology. • Provide opportunities to learn how to raise a experience, solving technical difficulties expressing results and draw conclusions. • Manage computer simulation programs. • Acquire the ability to search, analyze and filter information from different sources. Attitudinal (To be): • Be sensitive to the new social reality, plural, diverse and multicultural developing strategies for education and social inclusion. • Possess an attitude of respect, affection and acceptance in the school and the classroom that facilitates interpersonal relationships and selfesteem of students. • Promote positive action to continuing education, understanding that the educational process is an unfinished task and improved. • Collaborate with different sectors of the educational community or the environment. DETAILED SUBJECT TOPICS Subject 1. General organization of the endocrine system ► Define the terms hormone and endocrine gland ► Identify the different endocrine glands and the hormones they secrete ► Enumerate a set of criteria that identify a substance as a hormone ► Know the classification of the different hormones ► Know the processes of synthesis, secretion, transport and hormone metabolism ► Describe the types of signals that can regulate the secretion of hormones ► Describe the general mechanisms of hormone action Subject 2. Neuroendocrine integration ► Explain the functional relationship between the hypophysis and hypothalamus ► Describe the functional implications of hypothalamic-hypophysary portal system ► List the hormones of the adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis and explain how its secretion is regulated by the hypothalamus Subject 3. Thyroid physiology ► Know the thyroid hormones ► Describe the biological actions and mechanisms regulating the secretion of thyroid hormones Subject 4. Hormonal regulation of metabolism of calcium / phosphorus ► Know the different types of bone cells ► Describe the interaction between plasma levels of calcium and parathyroid hormone and calcitonin ► Describe the biological actions and mechanisms of regulation of the secretion of parathyroid hormone, vitamin D hormone and calcitonin Subject 5. Hormonal regulation of growth ► Describe the metabolic effects and mechanisms of regulation of GH secretion ► Knowing other factors and hormones involved in growth Subject 6. Physiology of the endocrine pancreas ► Describe the major metabolic actions of insulin and glucagon and explain the regulation of secretion Subject 7. Physiology of the adrenal gland ► Describe the main biological actions of cortisol

Page 3

► Describe the hypothalamic-hypophysary-adrenocortical axis in controlling the secretion of glucocorticoids ► Describe the actions of catecholamines and explain how they are regulated secretions of the adrenal medulla Subject 8. Hormonal regulation of water-salt balance ► Understand the role of mineralocorticoids in the regulation of water and electrolyte homeostasis ► Describe some of the major biological actions of aldosterone ► Describe the biological actions of ADH and how its secretion is regulated ► Describe the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone activation mechanisms and functions Subject 9. Functions and hormonal regulation of the male reproductive system ► Knowing the physiology of male sexual organs ► Describe the stages of spermatogenesis and functions of Sertoli’s cells in this process ► Function of seminal vesicles and prostate gland ► Describe the hypothalamic-hypophysary-testicular control of testosterone secretion ► Puberty and regulation of its beginning Subject 10. Female physiology before pregnancy and female hormones ► Knowing the physiology of the female sexual organs ► Describe the different stages of ovarian and menstrual cycles ► Explain hormonal interactions involved in the control of ovulation ► Describe the biological actions of testosterone, estrogen and progesterone ► Describe the hypothalamic-hypophysary-ovarian control the secretion of estrogen and progesterone ► Compare the various types of methods of birth control and its effectiveness Subject 11. Physiology of fecundation, pregnancy, childbirth and lactation ► Describe the structure and functions of the placenta ► Know the placenta secretes hormones and describe their actions ► Describe the evolution of the plasma levels of estrogen, progesterone and chorionic gonadotropin throughout gestation ► List the functional changes in the endocrine glands of women during pregnancy ► Explain the mechanisms triggering hormonal birth ► Describe the interactions of various hormones in the initiation and maintenance of breastfeeding Subject 12. - Physiology of receptors ► Differentiate the concepts of sensation and perception ► List the types of sensory modalities ► Define and classify sensory receptors ► Describe the sensory transduction process and differentiate between potential and receptor potential generator ► Differentiate between rapidly adapting receptors and slow ► Define the concept of receptive field ► Describe the process of sensory coding Subject 13. Somatovisceral sensitivity ► Describe the location and function of sensory receptors tactile, thermal and pain ► Describe the different types of pain ► Identify the proprioceptive receptors (muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organ) and describe their functions ► Describe the routes of transmission and integration somatovisceral cortical sensitivity Subject 14. Physiology of vision ► Understand the functions of the structural components of the eyeball ► Explain the role of the refraction, accommodation and constriction in imaging

Page 4

► Describe the functions of the photoreceptors and photopigments in vision ► Knowing adapting vision receivers to changes in light intensity ► Describe binocular vision and the ability to perceive depth and three-dimensional nature of objects ► Understand the concept of visual acuity ► Describe the processing of visual impulses in the retina and the visual pathways and integration centers Subject 15. Physiology of hearing and balance ► Describe the functions of the structures that make up the three main parts of the ear. ► Describe the characteristics of a sound wave ► Describe the process of capture and conveyance of a sound wave ► Meet sensory transduction in fonorreceptores ► Describe the coding of frequency, intensity and sound localization ► Identify pathways and nuclei involved in the neural processing of auditory information ► Describe the function of the macula in the static and dynamic balance (linear acceleration and deceleration) ► Describe the function of the ampullary crests in rotational acceleration or deceleration ► Identify the vestibular pathways and integration centers Subject 16. Physiology of taste and smell ► Knowing the structure of gustatory and olfactory receptors ► Describe the physiology of taste and smell ► Describe the pathways and centers gustatory and olfactory sensitivity Subject 17. Control of motor activity I. Motor function in the spinal cord and brainstem ► Describe the function of the neural structures responsible for movement ► Explain the spinal circuits and motor control ► Describe topographic relations: neural-skeletal muscle ► Explain the importance and function of alpha and gamma motor neuron ► Describe the following spinal reflexes: the stretch reflex, flexor reflex ► Describe the function of the brainstem motor: vestibular nucleus and reticular formation in the maintenance of balance and posture Subject 18. - Control of motor activity II. Motor function in the cerebellum, basal ganglia and cortex ► List the motor areas of the cerebral cortex and its relative contribution to the organization of the motor act ► Report the differences between pyramidal and extrapyramidal motor system ► Explain the role of the cerebellum in voluntary movements ► Describe the afferent and efferent projections of the cerebellum ► Explain the role of the basal ganglia ► Describe the afferent and efferent projections of the basal ganglia ► Make a diagram integrating the functions of the various structures involved in the regulation and control of the motor act Subject 19. - Higher functions of the nervous system ► Explain the cellular basis of sleep-wake rhythms and their possible function ► Explain the cellular basis of learning and memory Subject 20. Thermoregulation ► Remember homeothermy concepts and poikilothermia ► Study the importance of maintaining body temperature ► Studying the role of the hypothalamus in the system of regulation of body temperature ► Consider what happens in situations of abnormal body temperature regulation

Page 5

Subject 21. Integumentary system. Physiology of the skin and related structures ► Describe functionally the various layers of the epidermis and dermis and their component cells ► Describe the various functions of the skin ► Compare the structure and functions of the skin adnexal structures ► know the role in regulating skin perspiration Subject 22. - General adaptation syndrome ► Explain aferences that mediate the endocrine response to stress ► To study the activation of the autonomic nervous system and the adrenal medulla ► Understand the response of the various systems of the body in relation to adaptation to stress SYSTEM FOR ASSESSING THE ACQUISITION OF THE COMPETENCES AND KNOWLEDGE To evaluate the course content, theory examination will be performed on dates determined by the faculty in coordination with the other subjects in the 2nd year. Prior to the date of each control the teacher will expose the type of examination. There will also be an evaluation of the work performed and presented by the students in class and also of the regular attendance to classroom (focusing on class activities scheduled throughout the course). In order to pass the course will be must have passed laboratory practices and theory examinations. The allocation of points in the evaluation system will be based on percentages: Theory examinations: 70% Exhibition of topics by students, papers and participation in seminars: 10% Attendance to class and class activities: 10% Laboratory Practices: 10%

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Page 6

Print Books on Physiology • • • • • • • •

Anatomy & physiology/ Gary A. Thibodeau, Kevin T. Patton. REF QP34.5 .S4 2003 Appleton & Lange review of physiology/ David G. Penney. QP40 .P44 2004 Color atlas of physiology / Agamemnon Despopoulos. REF QP34.5 .S5313 2003 Human physiology / Stuart Ira Fox. REF QP34.5 .F68 2004 Human physiology: from cells to systems / Lauralee Sherwood. REF QP34.5 .S48 2004 Introduction to the human body: the essentials of anatomy and physiology/ Gerard J. Tortora, Sandra Reynolds Grabowski. QP36 .T67 2004 Physiology/ [edited by] Robert M. Berne [et al.]. REF QP34.5 .P496 2004 Principles of anatomy and physiology/ Gerard J. Tortora, Sandra Reynolds Grabowski. REF QP34.5 .T67 2003

Print Journals • • • • • •

American Journal of Physiology. Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology. European Journal of Applied Physiology. Annual Review of Physiology. Handbook of Physiology. News in Physiological Reviews.

RECOMMENDED INTERNET LINKS Electronic Books • • •

Cardiovascular Physiology/ Hans-Joachim Priebe and Karl Skarvan, 2000. (netLibrary) Origination of Organismal Form: Beyond the Gene in Developmental and Evolutionary Biology/ Vienna Series in Theoritical Biology, 2003. (netLibrary) Purkinje's Vision: The Dawning of Neuroscience/ Nicholas Wade, Josef Brozek, JirA Hoskovek, 2001. (netLibrary)

Electronic Journals • • • • • • • •

Advances in Physiology Education (DOAJ) American Journal of Physiology (EBSCO Open Access) BMC Physiology (DOAJ) Experimental Physiology (Cambridge) (EBSCO Open Access) Journal of Applied Physiology (Free Medical Journals) Nephron – Physiology (Academic Search Premier) Journal of Physiology (Free Medical Journals) The Journal of General Physiology (Free Medical Journal)

PRACTICAL LABORATORY CLASSES Group work sessions in the laboratory supervised by the lecturer. Meaningful construction of knowledge through interaction and student activity. PRACTICAL LABORATORY CLASSES

Page 7

Practice 1. - Functional anatomy of the human body Practice 2. – Glycemic profiling Practice 3. – Study of reflexes Practice 4. - Endocrine System. Effect of thyroxine, TSH and propylthiouracil on basal metabolism Practice 5. - Gustatory and olfactory receptors Theoretical and practical exam

TUTORING Personalized and small group attention. Continuous instruction and/or orientation carried out by the lecturer for the purpose of reviewing and discussing the materials and topics presented in lectures, seminars, readings, writing papers and of course to answer questions related with the subject. ADDITIONAL COMMENTS All the lectures will be taught in Spanish, however the lecturers have a good standard of English and all the comments/questions and meetings with the lecturers can be made and answered in English. The exams also can be made in English. For additional information, please contact directly with the lecturer. In addition, the Department of Physiology offers a at the postgraduate level (Master and Doctorate), a suite of leading programmes in Human & Applied Physiology and Human Nutrition (all of them with quality/excellence mentions).

Page 8