Ocimum basilicum L.

196

Singh et al.

Resear ch Ar ti cle

Genetic var iability and cor relation coeff icient in F2 segregating population of basil (Ocimum basilicum L .) Y.P. Singh1, S.S. Gaur av1, Pr adeep K umar 2 and Asi sh Oj ha2 1Department of Geneti cs and Plant Breedi ng,Ch. Charan Singh Universi ty, Meerut - 250005, Uttar Pradesh, India 2Research Associate, Division of Crop Improvement, I ndi an Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal - 132001, Haryana, India

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ABSTRACT Genetic vari abi lity was studied in seven diverse crosses of basil (Ocimum basil icum) in the F2 segregati ng generations. A high range of coeff icient of variati on was observed for dry herb yield and fresh herb yiel d /plant, leaf area and number of branches. The magnitude of expected geneti c advance in F2 population was hi gher f or some traits such as number of i nfl orescence in all crosses, except to CI and CII, days to maturity i n cross I, II I, VI and VI I, fresh herb yi eld in cross VII, dry herb yield in cross VI, and oil content i n cross VI . Hi gh values of genetic advance wi th high heritabi lity were achieved in trai ts such as fresh herb yield per plant, dry herb yield per plant indicati ng the involvement of addi tive gene acti on in the inheri tance of these trai ts. Oil content showed highly signif icant positive correl ation with all the characters excepting number of branches, days to flowering and dry herb yield in different F2 crosses. Fresh herb yield per plants showed positive correlation in al l F2 crosses wi th al l the trai ts such as oi l content, pl ant hei ght in cross II, V and VII , number of branches in cross IV and VI I. However, fresh herb yi eld per pl ant showed desirabl e signi f icant correl ati on with oi l yiel d and i ts contributi ng traits, i ndi cating that high fresh herb yiel d per plant directl y correlates with hi gh oil content i n the concerned genotypes. The results suggested that the hi gher dry herb yi eld per plant would be the most val uable for these traits. [M edi cinal Plants 2015; 7(3) : 196-207] K eywor ds : Genetic vari abi lity, heri tabili ty, geneti c advance, correlation coeff i cient, oil content, segregati ng popul ati on, Ocimum basi licum

I NTRODUCTI ON The Ocimum genus belonging to the Lami aceae family i s characteri zed by a great vari abi l i ty of both morphology and chemo types Lawrence (1988). Among all the species, Ocimum basilicum (basil or sweet basil) has the most economic importance and i s cultivated and uti l i zed throughout the worl d and has been originated in Central Asia. In India, it is grown in about

Cor responding author : Yashpal Si ngh e-mai l : [email protected] Received : 12 June 2015; Accepted : 30 July 2015 doi : 10.5958/0975-6892.2015.00028.3

400 ha (Guj arat, K arnataka, M adhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh). About 160 speci es of Oci mum are reported by Bal yan and Pushpangadan (1988). Among I ndi an speci es, O. basilicum and O. sanctum have the wi dest distributi on and covers the entire Indian subcontinent. It is cultivated in Dehradun, L ucknow, West Bengal and Jammu and Kashmir f or obtaining camphor by Pushpangadan and Bradu (1995). Geneti c vari abi l i ty i n medi ci nal pl ant i s very important by Tetenyi (1991) and several studies have been done to characteri ze di f f erent accessi on of medicinal plants. Improvement in the mean genotypic value of selected plant progeny over the parental (base) population is known as geneti c advance. I t is the measure of genetic gain under selecti on. The genetic Medicinal Plants, 7(3) September 2015




Genetic variability and correlation coeff icient in F2 segregating popul ation of basil (Oci mum basi licum L .)

advance f rom the mixtures of pure lines or clones should be calculated using broad sense heritabi li ty estimates and from segregating population using narrow sense heri tability. Heri tabi lity and geneti c advance are i mportant sel ecti on parameters. The esti mates of heritabil ity and genetic advance help in deciding the most appropriate breeding methodol ogy in any crop i mprovement program. The associ ati on of vari ous characters gives an i nformation to breeder that how associ ati on are the important directly or i ndi rectly to ameli orate the yield and how other associati on whi ch are responsible for reducing yield reflecting the negative trend. The correl ati on between di ff erent trai ts i s general ly due to the presence of l i ked genes and epistasis effect of di fferent genes. In plant breeding, correlation coeff i cient analysi s measures the mutual rel ati onshi p between vari ous pl ant characters and determines the component characters and thus becomes an integral component for selection ai med at yield improvement in medicinal crop such as Ocimum spices. M ATERI AL S AND M ETHODS The present study was conducted at the Research Farm, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding (Formerly, Agricultural Botany), Ch. Charan Si ngh University, Meerut during 2007-09. Experimental material of this study was comprised of thirteen accessions of basil (Ocimum basilicum) obtained from the National Bureau of Pl ant Geneti c Resource, New Delhi . The selecti on of parents was made on the basi s of contrasti ng characters l ike fresh herb yiel d, dry herb yield, oil content, days to maturity, plant height, number of branches, days to floweri ng, leaf l ength, leaf width, l eaf area, number of i nf l orescence, l ength of inflorescence and chlorophyl l content of the thi rteen accessi ons namely, EC-388788, EC- 387893, EC388896, EC-388887, EC-338785, EC-387837, I C369247, I C-344881, EC-333322, I C-326711, I C386833, I C-370846 and IC-326735. The parents were intercrossed to produce seven crosses, namely: (I ) EC388788 / IC-333322, (I I) EC-387893 / IC-326711, (III) EC-388896 / I C-369247, (IV) EC-388887 / IC-386833, (V) EC-387837 / EC-338785, (VI ) I C-369247 / I C370846 and (VII ) I C-344681 / I C-326735. Seeds of each cross were harvested and threshed, separately, which constituted F1 seeds. The F1 seeds procured from di fferent crosses were showed in obtaining F2 progeny. Selected F1 plants were self ed to produce F2 seeds. The data on the foll owi ng quanti tative characters were recorded on 30 randoml y sel ected pl ants of F2 generations. Medicinal Plants, 7(3) September 2015

197

The phenotypi c and genotypi c coeff i ci ents of variati on for each generation and each cross were cal cul ated as per Burton (1952). Broad-sense and narrow sense heritabi lity estimates were obtained by using the following formula Warner (1952). Genetic advance under selection was calculated by the following formula by Allard (1960). The essential oil was extracted from the ai r dri ed herb by hydro-di still ation usi ng Cl evenger’s apparatus for 2.30 hrs. and chl orophyll content in the leaves of the parent and progeny was estimated to Arnon (1949). The extract was centrifuged at 1000 × g for a minute and supernatant collected. Fi nal vol ume was made up to 5ml and absorbance was read at A 645 NM and at A 663 NM or spectrophotometer. Following formula was used f or quanti f ication. Mg total chlorophyll gram tissue

=

20.2 (A 645) + 8.02 (A 663) × V 1000 × W

where, A = absorbption me at specif ic wavelength. V = f i nal volume of chlorophyll extract i n 80% acetone. W = fresh wei ght of ti ssue extracted. RESULTS The analyses of variance for all the thirteen trai ts recorded for 13 parents with 7 F2s of basil (Ocimum basilicum) are presented i n Table 1. The mean squares due to treatment of al l the thirteen traits were highly si gni f icant except f or l eaf l ength, l eaf width and chlorophyll content, thereby suggesting the presence of suff icient genetic variations in the materials under study. Var i abi l i t y, her i t abi l i t y and genet i c advance i n segr egat ing population (F 2s) In F2 generation, the highest estimates of the phenotypic coeff ici ent of variation were f oll owed by fresh herb yi eld per plant (38.07) in cross VI, dry herb yield (37.00) in cross VI, number of i nflorescence (26.53) in cross V, leaf area (29.21), (29.04) in cross VI and I, number of branches (24.85) and (23.69) in cross VI and V in (Table 3). This situation has i ncreased the chances f or selecti on of more desirable plants. I n case of segregating generations of F2, were obtained (26.80) for chlorophyll content in cross V to plant height (99.40) in cross I. If the value of heritabil ity in broad sense is hi gh, it indicates that the character i s least influenced by the envi ronmental eff ects, the sel ecti on f or

0.04 9887.36 9650.60 0.03 2.17 80 Error

20.43

0.88

14.8

0.08

0.94 0.27 .030

0.36

2.63* * 103503.00* * 390958.40* * 0.09 100.04* 391.30* * 9.24* * 5.49* * 40 Treatment

633.5* *

40.4* *

0.61

0.16

48.82*

3966.00 18848.00 0.04 1.06 0.75 1.71 1.52 2 Replication

44.31

11.59

0.30

0.14

0.50

DH Y FHY CH DM LI NI LA LW LL DF NB PH D.f . Sour ce of Var iati on

Table 1. Analysis of var iance for thir teen quanti tative tr aits of 13 parents in F 2 segregat ing populat ion in basil (Oci mum basi licum L .)




0.020

Singh et al.

OC

198

improvement of such character may be usef ul, because broad sense heri tabi l i ty i s based on total geneti c variance which includes both f ixable (additive) and nonf i xabl e (dominance and epistatic) vari ances and if the broad sense heri tabili ty i s l ow, it reveals that the character is highly influenced by envi ronmental effects and genetic improvement through sel ection wi ll be di ff i cult due to maski ng effects of the environment on the genotype eff ects. However, there was ampl e variability with regard to the magnitudes of broad sense heritabi lity of diff erent trai ts across seven crosses in the present study. Heritabil ity in the narrow sense were observed between (3.35) for chlorophyll content in cross II I to (92.20) for oil content in cross II. High narrow sense heritabi l ity were f ound f or the trai ts whi ch exhibited more than 60 percent estimates of heritability in di fferent crosses were, plant height i n cross VI I and IV, number of branches in cross IV, VI and VII , days to fl owering in al l crosses except to IV, leaf length in cross I, II and VI, leaf width in cross III, V and VI, leaf area in cross III, VI and VI I number of inflorescence in cross V, VI and VII length of inflorescence in all crosses, days to maturity in cross IV, chl orophyl l content II, IV and VII, fresh herb yi eld in cross V and VI, dry herb yield in cross IV, V and VII, oil content in crosses I , II, VI I. The magnitude of expected geneti c advance in F2 popul ati on was higher for some traits such as number of inflorescence i n all crosses, except to I and II, days to maturity in crosses I, III, VI and VII, fresh herb yield in cross VII, dry herb yield in cross VI and oil content in cross VI, in the present study. I t seems that larger variability in F2 population has provided traits selection for promising transgressive segregates. Cor r elat ion in segr egati ng populat ions (F 2s) The study of correlation coeff i cients among thi rteen traits, including oil content i n seven F2 populations of basil presented in Table 2. The val ues of si gnif icant positive correlation coeff icients ranged from (0.45) leaf wi dth per plant in popul ati on VI to (0.98) dry herb yield per plant) in cross VII. Oil content showed highly si gni f icant positive correlati on with all the characters excepting number of branches, days to fl owering and dry herb yield in different F2 populations. The fresh herb yield per plant showed signif icant and positive correlation in cross VI and VII, dry herb yield per plant in cross VI and VII, chlorophyll content i n all crosses, except to cross I, indicati ng increased in oil content is affected by its contributi ng trai ts. Pl ant height showed si gnif icant positive correlation with several traits such as number of branches in cross I and VI , days to fl owering in cross II and I II, leaf l ength in cross I , I I, Medicinal Plants, 7(3) September 2015


Plant hei ght

Number of branches

Days to flowering

1.

2.

3.

Char acter s

Medicinal Plants, 7(3) September 2015 -

III

IV

V

VI

VII

-

VII

II

-

VI

-

-

V

I

-

IV

0.34

VII

-

0.06

VI

III

0.31

V

-

0.05

IV

II

-0.31

III

-

0.26

II

I

-0.02

2

I

F 2s

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.14

0.25

0.26

0.07

-0.11

0.24

-0.16

0.17

-0.09

0.08

0.05

0.12

0.24

-0.15

3

0.06

0.53* *

-0.10 0.21

-0.51* *

0.50

0.59* * 0.16

0.05

-0.19

0.60* * 0.17

0.13

0.22

-0.16

0.15

0.20

0.82* *

-0.34

-0.17

0.31

-0.16

-0.14

0.07

0.23

0.66* * 0.04

-0.27

0.14

0.03

0.26

0.04

0.30

0.27

0.01

-0.17

0.07

0.28

-0.09

0.07

-0.04

0.12

0.05

0.19

0.06

0.06

0.56* *

0.07

0.16

0.19

0.35

0.07

0.09

-0.03

0.04

0.50* *

-0.15

0.14

0.31

-0.18

0.36

-0.05

0.47* *

-0.75* * -0.30

0.27

0.48* *

0.19

-0.08

0.03

-0.98* *

0.11

0.66

-0.19

0.05

-0.50* * 0.07

-0.03

0.08 -0.10

0.35

0.12

0.65* *

-0.65* *

0.11

0.20

-0.25

0.25

-0.20

-0.58* * 0.27

0.18

-0.53* *

-0.48* *

0.41

0.31

-0.39

0.16

-0.38

0.42

0.19

0.24

0.28

-0.33

0.01

-0.47* * -0.08

0.39

-0.64* *

-0.31

0.08

0.06

0.02

9

-0.18

0.46*

0.10

-0.07

8

-0.17

-0.30

-0.26

0.28

0.11

0.92* *

0.97* *

7

6

-0.06

5

0.20

4

-0.25

0.81* *

0.01

0.81* *

0.79* *

0.93* *

0.95* *

0.43

0.25

-0.98* *

0.25

0.08

-0.61* *

0.22

0.21

0.05

0.44

0.20

0.04

-0.40

0.53* *

0.93* *

0.21

0.11

0.25

0.35

-0.49* *

0.87* *

11

-0.98* *

0.01

-0.09

-0.17

-026

0.12

0.62* *

-0.02

0.18

0.08

0.11

-0.37

-0.98* *

0.29

10 0.43

12

0.96* *

0.92* *

0.21

-0.16

0.11

-0.18

-0.05

-0.14

0.14

0.34

0.39

-0.66* *

0.83

0.24

-0.11

-0.92* *

-0.75* *

0.64* *

-0.07

-0.23

0.82* * 0.39

-0.10

-0.48* *

0.56* * -0.19

0.16

-0.67* *

0.13

0.15

0.22

0.01

0.72* *

-0.27

13

-0.33

0.11

-0.11

0.13

0.38

-0.14

-0.44

Table 2. Phenotypic cor r elati on coeff ici ent among thir t een quantit ative tr ai ts in seven F 2 populat ions of basi l (Oci mum basi licum)



Genetic variability and correlation coeff icient in F2 segregating popul ation of basil (Oci mum basi licum L .) 199

Leaf area

Leaf wi dth

5.

6.

Leaf length

4.

Char acter s

-

III

IV

V

VI

VII

-

VII

II

-

VI

-

-

V

I

-

IV

-

VII

-

-

VI

III

-

V

-

-

IV

II

-

III

-

-

II

I

-

2

I

F 2s

Table 2. Continued .....

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

4


-0.37 -0.11 0.03

0.23 -0.02 -0.66* * -0.05 -0.70* * 0.50* *

0.64* * 0.71* * 0.54* * 0.82* * 0.90* *

0.70* * 0.88* * 0.60* * 0.62* * 0.68* * 0.88* *

0.61* * 0.70* * 0.23 1.48* *

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.42

0.11

0.72* *

0.51* *

0.43

0.46* *

0.74* *

0.21

-0.40

0.05

-0.38

0.20

0.05

0.21

0.13

0.34

0.54* * 0.10

0.18

0.37

-0.51* *

-0.20

0.14

0.45*

0.88* *

-0.53* *

-0.30

0.79* *

-0.13

0.31

0.19

0.23

0.11

-0.21

0.04

0.29

9

0.22

-0.06

-0.13

-0.52* * 0.24

0.32

0.52*

0.18

-0.19

-0.09

0.13

0.15

0.13

0.11

-0.14

0.23

0.15

-0.14

-0.24

0.34

8

0.45*

-0.16

0.21

-0.12

7

6

5



0.12

0.14

0.13

0.06

0.38

-0.06

-0.49* *

0.04

-0.07

0.02

0.11

-0.81* *

-0.31

0.05

0.36

0.27

-0.01

0.11

0.11

0.20

-0.38

10

0.26

0.10

0.10

-0.24

0.06

-0.19

0.22

0.12

0.73* *

0.11

0.35

0.03

0.64* * 0.39

0.13

-0.05

-0.72* *

0.87* *

0.91* *

-0.21

0.85* *

-0.19

0.78* *

-0.34

-0.27

0.20

0.13

0.55* *

0.23

0.93* *

0.31

13

0.10

-0.25

0.18

-0.15

-0.62* *

0.92* *

-0.03

0.10

-0.40

-0.17

-0.11

-0.13

-0.27

-0.03

0.13

-0.21

0.53* *

0.64* *

-0.15

12

0.76* *

0.15

-0.23

0.50* *

0.35

-0.10

-0.26

0.09

0.16

0.07

0.65* *

0.93* *

-0.23

11

200 Singh et al.

Medicinal Plants, 7(3) September 2015

No. of infl orescence

Length of infl orescence

Days to maturity

7.

8.

9.

Char acter s

Medicinal Plants, 7(3) September 2015 -

III

IV

V

VI

VII

-

VII

II

-

VI

-

-

V

I

-

IV

-

VII

-

-

VI

III

-

V

-

-

IV

II

-

III

-

-

II

I

-

2

I

F 2s


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

4


-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

7

0.01 0.59* * -0.03

0.64* * 0.81* * 0.67* *

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.43

-0.01

0.91* *

0.50* *

0.41

-0.11

0.59* *

-0.14

0.69* *

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.09

0.13

0.05

0.18

0.21

0.02

0.27

0.10

0.92* *

0.10

-0.91* * -0.29

0.19

-0.78* *

0.38

0.11

-0.09

0.32

0.90* * 0.20

0.39

0.34

0.38

0.02

-0.47* *

-0.50* *

-0.02

0.82* *

0.82* *

-0.63* *

0.78* *

0.24

0.90* *

0.05

-0.13

0.23

-0.75* *

0.39

0.16

13

-0.13

0.34

0.34

-0.11

0.11

0.11

-0.11

0.23

0.12

0.26

-0.80* * 0.12

0.43

0.02

0.19

0.19

0.19

-0.30

-0.14

0.69* *

-0.15

0.09

0.13

0.25

0.25

0.17

0.62* *

0.25

-0.17

0.22

-0.62* *

0.17

-0.65* *

-0.01

-0.74* *

0.11

0.06

0.11

0.03

12

-0.72* *

-0.36

0.28

0.56* *

0.19

11

0.09

0.13

-0.19

-0.56* *

0.19

-0.25

0.64* *

10

9

8



Genetic variability and correlation coeff icient in F2 segregating popul ation of basil (Oci mum basi licum L .) 201

13. Oil content

12. Dry herb yield

11. Fresh herb yield

10. Chlorophyll content

Char acter s

-

-

-

-

0.17 0.41

0.90* *

…..

-

-

-

0.15

0.09

VII

-

-

-

-

0.10

…..

-

-

-

-

-

-

…..

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.05

0.87* *

-0.17

0.05

-

-0.04

0.11

0.74* * 0.35

0.25

0.91* *

0.18

-0.22

0.62* * 0.45*

0.69* *

0.57* *

0.68* *

0.71* *

0.79* *

0.15

0.89* *

0.59* *

0.62* *

13

0.17

0.15

-0.14

0.11

0.09

0.07

12

VI

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.15

0.18

0.03

0.16

0.04

-0.10

0.21

11

V

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10

…..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

9

…..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

8

IV

-

VII

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

7

…..

-

VI

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

6

III

-

V

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

5

II

-

IV

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

4

…..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3


I

-

III

-

VII

II

-

VI

-

-

V

I

-

IV

-

VII

-

-

VI

-

-

V

III

-

IV

II

-

III

-

-

II

I

-

2

I

F 2s


www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale

202 Singh et al.



203

Table 3. Genetic par ameter s for 13 yield contr ibuting tr ai ts in F 2 segregating populat ion i n basil

1.




2.

3.

4.

5.

Char acter s

Crosses

M ean

PCV

GCV

h2 (bs)

h2 (ns)

EGA as % of mean

Plant hei ght

I

87.29

16.03

16.02

99.40

20.00

27.60

II

119.98

18.19

18.17

85.50

25.00

6.58

III

112.24

17.20

17.07

97.80

43.89

24.4

IV

98.50

18.56

18.35

92.50

65.99

33.23

V

109.19

19.15

19.13

66.70

44.60

20.83

VI

88.99

16.77

16.76

99.20

48.60

21.14

VII

87.15

19.86

18.59

94.70

89.46

20.01

I

10.74

13.52

13.48

99.40

55.60

46.18

II

10.67

18.48

17.85

58.20

43.87

17.43

III

11.24

19.17

11.71

37.30

61.25

12.90

IV

9.66

20.63

19.54

72.20

60.66

31.87

V

9.00

23.69

19.13

80.17

78.02

25.20

VI

10.28

24.85

23.55

89.80

76.38

45.54

VII

10.92

18.74

15.69

70.10

65.35

36.26

I

61.00

8.20

6.41

67.20

60.85

10.24

II

63.00

5.48

4.96

81.18

69.11

9.28

III

68.00

13.38

12.83

79.50

70.11

4.89

IV

64.00

6.84

6.05

70.00

53.92

3.25

V

58.00

6.99

6.69

87.90

79.55

3.25

VI

61.00

20.59

19.56

99.10

82.13

6.42

VII

61.90

4.66

4.58

87.60

69.04

4.44

I

3.78

11.97

11.48

63.80

61.42

8.20

II

4.35

16.78

15.62

78.80

65.78

9.19

III

4.36

15.16

13.71

52.80

27.99

5.73

IV

3.91

15.23

10.06

79.60

43.57

13.81

V

4.52

13.94

8.87

55.50

40.00

11.72

VI

3.57

17.81

16.22

72.22

65.86

5.32

VII

3.72

19.10

17.84

81.60

44.56

4.83

I

1.81

17.66

16.44

76.44

43.28

15.46

II

2.15

16.78

15.62

61.60

31.42

15.46

III

2.32

15.19

13.71

67.00

60.94

17.24

IV

1.96

17.71

16.98

52.70

25.39

9.18

V

2.16

16.21

15.79

91.40

70.00

9.72

VI

1.74

19.30

16.87

80.00

74.50

5.74

VII

1.82

18.62

13.26

65.10

31.00

10.98

Number of branches

Days to f lowering

Leaf length

Leaf wi dth


204

Singh et al.


6.




7.

8.

9.

10.

M ean

PCV

GCV

h2 (bs)

h2 (ns)

EGA as % of mean

I

6.90

29.04

28.78

78.90

59.84

18.98

II

9.47

25.61

25.33

85.40

63.18

33.26

III

10.08

24.90

23.85

77.50

74.85

25.79

IV

7.30

24.83

22.29

80.60

76.81

41.23

V

9.88

25.27

24.71

93.90

49.77

17.61

VI

6.28

29.21

29.02

95.60

75.17

10.03

VII

6.78

26.93

26.65

97.65

60.88

51.91

I

97.38

13.47

13.45

97.70

29.15

18.35

II

91.04

25.61

25.33

88.40

34.43

25.84

III

107.00

18.28

14.54

63.20

17.05

23.84

IV

111.00

14.89

14.72

97.80

70.04

30.11

V

81.48

26.53

21.38

66.00

65.36

35.50

VI

88.77

18.12

17.03

88.30

66.68

32.97

VII

87.12

18.07

18.14

99.60

72.34

37.10

I

18.33

15.75

14.90

89.50

78.12

29.02

II

16.71

24.74

24.26

76.10

71.44

20.94

III

22.69

20.83

13.65

82.90

69.62

18.42

IV

21.61

20.80

20.28

95.10

88.20

40.72

V

27.21

23.52

20.12

85.12

70.17

27.56

VI

17.94

27.90

27.22

94.90

72.34

54.79

VII

16.69

19.29

18.53

89.26

72.34

19.59

I

113.00

14.70

14.25

86.40

28.03

13.96

II

111.50

14.70

14.25

66.9

15.82

5.77

III

119.12

11.32

10.08

85.60

42.63

18.30

IV

119.35

4.00

3.76

88.90

86.42

7.21

V

115.12

14.62

14.21

26.68

19.41

3.09

VI

118.82

6.12

6.21

94.60

24.77

24.38

VII

115.85

4.90

5.91

83.20

7.50

11.09

I

0.73

9.19

9.02

97.60

46.42

4.12

II

0.73

7.13

6.33

92.90

91.39

2.73

III

0.74

5.30

4.89

86.80

3.35

2.70

IV

0.71

8.10

7.014

91.30

80.64

7.04

V

0.73

11.62

11.31

42.80

26.25

5.47

VI

0.74

8.13

7.38

96.10

27.17

5.40

VII

0.72

4.82

4.18

95.00

78.94

12.50

Char acter s

Crosses

Leaf area

No. of i nflorescence

Length of inflorescence

Days to maturity

Chlorophyl l content



205


11.




12.

13.

M ean

PCV

GCV

h2 (bs)

h2 (ns)

EGA as % of mean

I

2300.00

16.99

16.97

81.10

17.53

17.36

II

1651.23

28.43

28.34

93.70

20.00

9.68

III

2317.00

9.50

8.30

93.50

9.83

13.58

IV

2037.44

24.31

24.23

87.10

49.68

20.51

V

2222.22

25.35

25.27

77.00

75.33

18.17

VI

1703.00

39.07

38.50

93.40

92.20

75.50

VII

1812.40

22.50

25.59

94.80

55.82

51.30

I

1107.00

14.77

14.69

91.70

17.53

12.33

II

770.27

24.49

23.31

93.70

6.50

9.49

III

1190.38

5.16

4.17

99.40

6.30

6.66

IV

1022.32

10.39

8.13

89.90

69.47

24.99

V

1030.33

10.39

8.13

89.90

69.47

24.99

VI

875.35

37.00

32.67

92.80

6.35

74.76

VII

888.17

27.49

27.09

86.60

84.11

48.70

I

3.37

30.06

30.05

94.80

82.89

25.51

II

3.54

27.32

27.29

99.20

92.90

11.29

III

3.55

25.90

25.50

98.10

33.96

14.92

IV

3.57

38.81

38.00

75.00

25.12

6.44

V

3.56

37.15

37.09

94.05

47.05

13.20

VI

3.67

24.37

24.35

91.90

58.61

32.97

VII

3.49

38.81

38.80

72.78

72.10

28.65

Char acter s

Crosses

Fresh herb yi eld

Dry herb yi eld

Oil content

* Acronyms, * * Signif i cant at 5% and 1% l evel of signif icance, respectively.

III, IV, V, VI and VII, leaf width in cross I, II, IV and VI, leaf area in cross V and cross VI, number of inflorescence in cross I, II and IV, l ength of i nfl orescence in cross I, II , IV and V, fresh herb yiel d in al l crosses, dry herb yield in cross VI and VII, oil content in cross II, III, IV and VII. These results suggested that the higher plant height the higher woul d be the values of these traits. A signif i cant posi tive correlation was found in a number of branches and days to floweri ng in cross I I, leaf length in all crosses, days to f loweri ng in cross I I, number of inflorescence in cross I and I I, l eaf area cross V and VII, fresh herb yield per plant in all crosses, dry herb yield per plant in cross VI, oil content in cross Medicinal Plants, 7(3) September 2015

II , II I, I V and VII . The resul ts suggested that the maximum of number of branches, the higher would be the values affected by these traits. These traits had direct positive correlation with maximum number of branches per plant. Fresh herb yield per plants showed positive correlation with all the trai ts in al l F2 populations such as oi l content, pl ant height in cross II , V and VI I, number of branches in cross IV and VII. However, fresh herb yield per plant showed a strong positive signif icant correlati on with oi l yiel d and i ts contributi ng trai ts indicates that high fresh herb yi eld per pl ant di rectly correl ated wi th hi gh oi l content i n the concern genotypes. Dry herb yi el d per pl ants showed a

206

Singh et al.

signi f i cant posi tive associ ation wi th al l trai ts i n a di fferent F2 population, l ike fresh herb yiel d i n all crosses, except to cross V, l ength of i nfl orescence in cross I, II, II I and I V, days to fl owering in cross I, number of inflorescence cross I and II . These traits, namely, leaf area, days to flowering, chlorophyll content, leaf length and leaf width with showed a signif icant correl ati on dry herb yield in per pl ant in different F2 population. DI SCUSSI ON




Var i abi l i t y, her i t abi l i t y and genet i c advance i n segr egat ing population (F 2s) Analysis of variance showed that genotypes of basil di ffered si gnif icantly among themsel ves for al l the studied characters. The presence of a wide range among genotypes indicated that these trai ts were governed by additive genes with low environmental eff ects. Si mil ar results were observed in some earlier studied involving di f f erent (Oci mum basi l i cum) f or di f f erent morphological trai ts such as pl ant hei ght, f resh herb yi eld, oi l content, oi l yi eld, number of branches, leaf length, leaf width, and number of inflorescence reported earlier (Aboud, 2006; Verma et al., 1989). Another same f i ndi ng on the basi s of morphological studies for leaf area, number of racemes per plant, number of fl owers per racemes, 1000 seed weight and days to maturi ty indicated l arge diversity seemed to be more genetic rather than environment among genotypes of Ocimum. The large variabi lity occurred for morphological traits, namely the l eaf area, plant hei ght, days to maturity, days to flowering, leaf length, leaf width and oil content given by Pilania et al. (2005), Verma et al. (1998), Randhawa et al . (1994). The estimates of genotypic coeff i cient of vari ati on were generally lower than that of phenotypic coeff icient of variation in all the traits in al l segregati ng generati ons, i ndicati ng the role of environment in total vari abil ity in a trai t. I n present study hi gh val ues were estimates of narrow sense heri tabili ty of those trai ts, it means that the trai ts is l argely governed by additive gene and selection for i mprovement of such character would be rewarding and i f the low val ues were esti mated in narrow sense heri tabili ty of those trai ts, it shows that there is a predomi nance of non-additive gene acti on and heterosi s breeding may be useful. Similar f i ndi ng of hi gher values of heritabi lity in some quantitative and qualitative trait such as leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, fresh herb yi eld per pl ants, dry herb per plants, number of branches, oi l content and chl orophyl l

content earlier reported by Verma et al. (1998), Pil ania et al. (2005), Si ngh et al. (2002) and same resul ts of heritabil ity on some traits such as plant height, days to fl owering, number of branches, leaf length, herbage yield per plants and essential oil content in reported by Khanuja et al . (2000). The diff erence between hi ghest and lowest values of heritabi lity due to less and great environment. The estimates of essential oi l content in leaves earli er reported by Randhawa and Gill (1995). Si mil ar results were observed in some earli er study i nvol vi ng di ff erent speci es of Oci mum of geneti c advance for morphological trai ts such as leaf area, number of i nf l orescence per pl ant, l ength of inflorescences, plant height, leaf width, fresh herb yield, dry herb yi el d, oi l content, chlorophyll content as reported by Pilania et al. (2005) and Verma et al. (1989). Those traits showed the higher value of the performance due to addi tive genetic effects; theref ore selection f or those trai ts coul d predi ct the perf ormance of the progenies. The highest values of genetic advance in associ ated wi th heri tabi l i ty showed trai ts addi tive genetic effect was more i mportant f or these trai ts as well higher heritabili ty revealed l ess environment and greater genetic effect. Cor r elat ion in segr egati ng populat ions (F 2s) The results suggested that the higher dry herb yield per pl ant would be the most valuable for these traits. The maximum dry herb yield per plant, i ndi cating that the selection of new genotypes can be made with basil in the future. Shivanna et al. (2007) also found signif icant positive correl ati on of herb yi eld and dry herb yield per pl ant. A highly si gnif icant and positive correlati on of leaf area, number of leaves per plants and fresh herbage yiel d per plant among themsel ves and al so positive associ ation with these traits total alkaloi ds yi eld and oi l content reveal ed the strong associ ati on wi th trai ts and sel ection of these component trai ts individuals or joi ntl y may enhance the total herbage yi eld, and oil yield per hectare. The results are in conformity with Dwivedi et al. (1999) and was recorded positive and signif icant association of total oil yield wi th total alkaloi d yiel d i n peri winkle (Bharadwaj, 1980; Kumar et al., 1994) and in Majoram recorded hi ghly si gni f icant associ ation between oil content and oi l yi eld. Bhandari et al. (1997) observed the positi ve association of alkaloid yiel d with leaf area and the number of l eaves per plants in Opium poppy. Simil ar f inding were also reported by Dwivedi et al. (1999) in Opi um poppy and in periwi nkl e, respectively. Medicinal Plants, 7(3) September 2015





CONCLUSI ONS The present study revealed that in the F2 generati on hi gh range of phenotypic coeff i cient of vari ation was observed for dry herb yield, fresh herb yiel d per plant, leaf area, and number of branches. The magnitude of phenotypic coeff icient variation was observed higher than the genotype coeff icient of variation, i ndicati ng the greater inf luence of environment. The magnitude of expected genetic advance in F2 population was higher for some traits such as number of i nflorescence i n all crosses, except to CI and CI I, days to maturity in cross I, II I, VI and VII, fresh herb yiel d in cross VII , dry herb yield in cross VI and oi l content i n cross VI in the present study. Hi gh values of genetic advance wi th hi gh heri tabili ty was found for fresh herb yiel d per plant and dry herb yiel d per pl ant, indicati ng the invol vement of addi tive gene action in the inheri tance of these traits, it could be exploi ted by resorti ng to simple sel ection. Oil content showed highly si gnif icant posi tive correl ati on wi th the characters excepti ng number of branches, days to floweri ng and dry herb yield in diff erent F2 crosses. Fresh herb yiel d per pl ant showed a strong, desirabl e and signif icant correl ati on wi th oil yi eld and its contributi ng traits indicates that hi gh fresh herb yiel d per plant directly correlates wi th hi gh oil content in the concern genotypes. The resul ts suggested that the higher dry herb yield per plant would be the most valuable for these traits. The maximum dry herb yiel d per plant, indicating that the sel ecti on of new genotypes can be developed of India in the future. REFERENCES Aboud KA , Hussein RM and Ibrahim MM (2006). Genetic improvement of growth and oil yield of selected genotypes of some basil species under diff erent types of organic fertilization. Journal of Agricultural Science, Mansoura University, 31(8): 5249-5275. All ard RW (1960). Principles of Pl ant Breedi ng. John Wi ley and Sons Inc. New York. Arnon DI (1949). Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplast. Polyphenoloxi dase i n beta vul garis. Plant Physiology, 24 (1): 1-15 Balyan SS and Pushpangadan P (1988). A study of the taxonomi c status and geographical distribution of genus Ocimum. Pafai Journal , 10: 13-19. Bhandari MM, Gupta R, Sharma PP and Joshi A (1997). Path analysis in Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 57: 14-18. Bhardwaj SO (1980). Correl ation studi es on oil yield and Quality characters of essenti al oi l in paper mint (Mentha piperita L.). Indian Perfumer, 33: 76-78.


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Burton GW (1952). Quanti tati ve i nheri tance i n grasses. Proceeding 6th international. Grassland Congress, 1: 287283. Dwivedi S, Manesha, Si ngh A P, Sharma S, Uniyal GC and Kumar S (1999). Nature and degree of association among some i mportant morphol ogi cal trai ts i n peri wi nkl e (Catharanthus roseus). Jour nal of Medi ci nal and Aromatic Plants Science, 21: 338-342. Khanuja SPS, Shasany AK , Srivastava A and Kumar S (2000). Assessment of genetic relationships i n Mentha speci es, Euphytica, 111-121. Kumar A, Khan MM and Farooqi AA (1994). Variabi lity and correlation studies in Marj oram (Marjorama hortensis Moench). Indian Perfumer, 38: 1-4. Lawrence BM (1988). A f urther examinati on of the variation of (Oci mum basilicum L.) In Flavors and Fragrances: A World Perspective; Lawrence, B.M., Mookherjee, B.D., Wil lis, B.J., Eds.; Elsevier Science Amsterdam. Pil ania DS, Pareek SK , Suneja P and Kumar A (2005). Characterization of French basil (Oci mum basi licum L .) germplasm for essential oil yield and quality under stress envi ronment. Indian Perfumer, 49: 49-55. Pushpagandan P and Bradu BL (1995). Modern in genetic upgrading for high yield and better quali ty strains of medi cinal and agronomic plants. NSABMAPY (Bot. Lab. Pharma. A nta.), Cal cutta Uni versi ty, pp. 243. Randhawa GS and Gi l l BS (1995). Transpl anti ng dates, harvesti ng stage and yi el d of f rench basi l (Oci mum basili cum L.). Journal Herbs Species of Medicinal Plant, 3: 45-56. Singh AP, Dwivedi S, Bharti S, Si ngh M , Singh V, Srivastava A , Naqvi AA and Khanuj a SPS (2002). Variati on i n morphology, phonology and essential oil composition of sweet basi l (Oci mum basi l i cum L .). Germpl asm accessions. Journal Speci ess Aromatic Crops, 11: 50-57. Sharma S (2005). Geneti c di vergence anal ysi s of some quantitative characters in basil (Oci mum speci es). M.Sc. (Ag). Thesis Submitted To CCS University, Meerut, U.P. Shivanna J, Ravi CS and Sreeramu BS (2007). Character association and path coeff icient analysis among economic traits in Morai (Solanum nigrum L.). Karnataka Journal of Agri culture Science, 20: 575-577. Tetenyi P (1991). Biological preconditi ons f or cultivation and processi ng of medicinal plants. In: The Medici nal Pl ant Industry. Boca Raton, Fl: Crc Press, Pp. 33-41. Verma PK, Gupta SN, Khabiruddin M and Sharma GD (1998). Genetic variability parameters for herb and oil yield in different Ocimum Species. Indian Perfumer, 42: 36-38. Verma PK , Puni a MS, Sharma GD and Talwar G (1989). Evaluation of different species of Ocimum for their herb and oil under Haryana condition. Indian Perfumer, 3: 7983. Warner JN (1952). A method f or esti mati ng heri tabi l i ty. Agronomy Journal, 44: 427-30.