Odorous Waste Gas Emission from

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Gas absorption. Gas chromatograph. Source: Keputusan Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup No. KEP-50/MENLH/11/1996 tentang Baku Tingkat KebauanĀ ...
Odorous Waste Gas Emission from Municipal Solid Waste Dumping Sites in West Java * Arief Sabdo Yuwono1, Gardjito1 and Eva Vebriyanti Effendy2 1 2

Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, IPB, Bogor, Indonesia Dept. of Agricultural Engineering, IPB, Bogor, Indonesia

Keywords: odour, odorous waste gas, municipal solid waste, dumping site

ABSTRACT Odorous waste gas emission from municipal solid waste dumping sites in West Java Provinces namely Galuga, Pondok Rajeg, Waru and Bantar Gebang were sampled and then analysed using conventional analytical standard methods. Instruments used to sample included complete impinger set, vacuum pump and sample probe. The samples were then analysed using spectrophotometer and gas chromatography (GC) in an analytical laboratory. Odorous waste gas emission parameters covered ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and styrene (C8H8). Samples were taken from two points in each solid waste dumping site. The pertinent regulation for this odour issue is the Decree of State Minister of Environment No. KEP50/MENLH/11/1996 concerning the Odour Threshold Values (Baku Tingkat Kebauan). Result of the analysis showed that in general odour concentration emitted from the solid waste dumping sites were much lower than the threshold values as stipulated in the minister decree. INTRODUCTION Municipal solid waste (MSW) dumping sites (TPA, Tempat Pembuangan Akhir) are concerned as one among sources of odour pollution in the environment (Yuwono and Schulze Lammers, 2004). Decay process of the organic matter in the MSW plays its role as a source of odorous gas (Gudladt, 2001). The presence of MSW dumping site is enormously important as a 1

tool for municipal sanitation infrastructure. From another point of view, however, it is an important source of odorous gas emissions such as ammonia (Donham, 1990; Smits, 1995 in Strikauska et al., 1999) in the environment as well. Public complaints on the presence of any municipal dumping site have been recorded very often since its operation. Most of the people complaints are basically originated from the fact that MSW dumping sites spreads bad odour such as ammonia (Liang et al., 2000) to the ambient air and gives a negative and dirty image embedded on a part of the municipality. Besides, the bad image emerges due to the scavenger activity in the surrounding area. In relation with this circumstance, the objectives of the research were: a. To measure concentration of odorous gases in ambient air emitted from four (4) municipal solid waste dumping sites. b. To assess the odour concentration in ambient air as compared to the pertinent national standard concerning on the odour threshold values. MATERIALS AND METHODS 1. Sampling Points and Instruments The research was conducted in four (4) dumping sites located in Province of West Java namely TPA Galuga and TPA Waru in Bogor, TPA Pondok Rajeg in Depok, TPA Bantar Gebang in Bekasi during the middle of 2005. Odorous gas samples were collected by using a gas sample probe, a vacuum pump, a mini electrical generator (1000 W), a set of impinger and a timer. 2. Sampling Procedure and Odorous Gas Parameters Odorous gases emitted from MSW dumping sites were sampled by positioning the gas sample probe simply on the surface of solid waste dump. A dump hole with approximately 50 cm in diameter intended for gas sample probe position was firstly constructed in order to avoid free ambient air sampling. Three (3) kinds of odorous gases, namely ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and styrene (C8H8) were then sampled by flowing it through impinger to enable absorption by chemical absorbent. The sampling of the waste gases lasted for two (2) hours in each sampling points. A schematic figure of experiment set-up, sampling sequence and sample analysis is presented in Figure 1.

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Figure 1. Experiment set-up, sampling sequence and sample analysis

3. Laboratory Analysis and Standard Methods The collected samples were then analysed in The Integrated Chemical Laboratory of IPB, Bogor on the day after. The methods of analysis comply with the methods as stipulated in the pertinent national regulation, i.e. Keputusan Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup No. KEP50/MENLH/11/1996 tentang Baku Tingkat Kebauan. This standard method is presented in Table 1.

Table 1. Standard methods for odorous gas analysis No 1. 2.

Parameters Ammonia (NH3) Hydrogen sulphide (H2S)

3.

Styrene (C8H8)

Methods Indophenol a. Mercury tiosianat b. Gas absorption Gas absorption

Instrument Spectrophotometer Spectrophotometer Gas chromatograph Gas chromatograph

Source: Keputusan Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup No. KEP-50/MENLH/11/1996 tentang Baku Tingkat Kebauan

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Results of the chemical analysis on the sampled gases are presented in Table 2 (TPA Galuga and TPA Waru) and Table 3 (TPA Pondok Rajeg and TPA Bantar Gebang). The target compounds are three (3) odorous gas parameters that were measured in four (4) municipal solid waste sampling locations.

Table 2. Result of odour sample analysis from TPA Galuga and TPA Waru

Parameter

Ammonia

Hydrogen Sulphide

Styrene

(NH3)

(H2S)

(C8H8)

ppm

ppm

ppm

Galuga #1

0.008

0.017