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well as converged network services, video on demand, and social networking, which ... eral Communications Commission's “Connecting America”. National ...
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SERIES EDITORIAL

OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS

Osman S. Gebizlioglu

I

Hideo Kuwahara

Vijay Jain

n this month’s Optical Communications Series (OCS) we have selected contributions addressing developments in optical transport networks. Despite the slow recovery in the global economy, the global demand for Internet, video, TV, and telecommunications services has been growing at a brisk pace. As evidenced by product/service announcements at major industry conferences and trade shows, global demand for communications services with high-speed transmission of IPTV, peer-to-peer video exchange, and rapidly expanding mobile traffic shifting from former 2G to 3G to 4G services has been presenting many exciting business opportunities to the global providers of optical communications services and their suppliers. As telecommunications networks develop on a global scale, it has been realized that optical communications will continue to be the sole greatest enabler of the truly broadband communications-based services in such applications as long-distance education and telemedicine. The optical communications industry received some good news recently with the ratification of the 40G/100G Ethernet standard in IEEE 802.3ba on June 21, 2010. This was a broad-reaching effort in that it was collaborative with the International Telecommunication Union — Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) Study Group (SG) 15 to ensure that the new Ethernet rates would be compatible with the optical transmission rates and formats being developed in SG for multiwavelength systems. This long-anticipated standard paves the way for a new wave of higher-speed Ethernet server connectivity and core switching products according to the 802.3 standards organization. The implications are significant in that equipment suppliers and carriers trialing 40G and 100G can now move forward in confidence with trials and traffic-carrying installations. This confidence is based on knowing that they will not have to come back with a redesign later due to a change in pre-standard equipment and associated installations. We of the IEEE Communications Magazine Optical Communications Series expect increased interest in optical systems at 40G and 100G now that this significant milepost has been achieved. We have had many outstanding papers

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submitted and published on this topic, and have even devoted an entire issue to the topic. The presence of a ratified standard will spur many technical contributions and proposed implementations from many disciplines. Since the 802.3ba standard addresses bandwidth needs required by various applications in data centers, service provider networks, and other traffic-intensive high-performance computing environments, we expect many technical proposals in these areas. There is strong growth in the areas of virtualization and virtual machines within data centers, as well as converged network services, video on demand, and social networking, which were some of the driving forces behind the definition of the standard. According to IEEE, the standard complements the Federal Communications Commission’s “Connecting America” National Broadband Plan, which calls for delivering greater broadband access nationwide — 100 Mb/s for a minimum of 100 million homes. This is another area in which we expect technical developments regarding the role of 40G and 100G Ethernet will play in implementing ultra-highspeed broadband networks across the globe. Breakthroughs in the area of a major standard always seem to have the effect of stimulating further innovation. It gives people in technical disciplines the confidence that their contributions are being built on a solid foundation and will enhance the technologies built on the standard that is in place. Standards-based 40 Gb/s and 100 Gb/s transport will provide service providers with the tools they need to meet the bandwidth challenge in core networks and to keep pace with the ever increasing volumes of IP traffic. New fiber optic communications solutions are being advanced to meet bandwidth requirements of the wireless cell backhaul driven largely by mobile data and video. These developments will require innovative packet optical solutions as copper-based solutions are not viable to deliver this scale of bandwidth. Clearly, all these exciting developments will continue to provide technology challenges and business opportunities for global communications enterprises. In this August issue, we have two contributions. The first one is “Distance-Adaptive Spectrum Resource Alloca-

IEEE Communications Magazine • August 2010

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SERIES EDITORIAL tion in Spectrum-Sliced Elastic Optical Path Network (SLICE)” by M. Jinno, B. Kozicki, H. Takara, A Watanabe, Y. Sone, T. Tanaka, and A. Hirano. This contribution from NTT’s Network Innovations Laboratory team describes a novel adaptation scheme for allocation of spectral (wavelength) resources to meet client traffic demands. Currently available approaches to wavelength-routed optical networks have limitations in network utilization. The spectrum-sliced elastic path optical network (SLICE) was recently proposed to address these limitations. In this first contribution limitations associated with worst-case design for transmission performance are addressed. In order to address this problem, a minimum required spectral resource is allocated in accordance with the physical state of the optical network. Modulation format and filter width are used as the key parameters to determine the resource requirements for the optical path. Evaluation of network utilization efficiency shows that distance-adaptive SLICE can save more than 45 percent of required spectrum resources for a 12- node ring network. A concept of a frequency slot to extend the current frequency grid standard and possible spectral resource designation schemes are also proposed and discussed. The second contribution is “A Flexible Optical Packet Compression and Routing Scheme by Using an Active Vertical Coupler-Based Optical Cross-Point Switch Matrix” by S. Yufeng, H. Bo, Z.Junwen, F.Wuliang, and C. Nan. This contribution describes an experimental demonstration of all-optical packet compression for RZ transmission rates up to 40 Gb/s with compression of up to four packets into a single time slot. Bit error ratio (BER) measurements associated with this packet compression approach were shown to result in 1.8 dB optical power penalty. This proposed multirate optical packet compression and routing scheme using an active vertical coupler (AVC)-based optical cross-point switch matrix (OXS) and a recirculating fiber delay line (FDL) provides opto-electronically controlled packet routing, automatic power balancing, and packet compression in dynamically selected time slots for a 10 Gb/s RZ payload and a label at 155 Mb/s with only one individual switch element. Optical packet compression from 10 Gb/s to 40 Gb/s and nine (9)-time-slot optical packet interchanging results in a power penalty of 1.8 dB and 7 dB, respectively.

BIOGRAPHIES OSMAN S. GEBIZLIOGLU [M] ([email protected]) is a principal consultant at Telcordia Technologies. Since he joined Bellcore in 1987, he has been involved with the development of performance and reliability assurance requirements for optical communications components. In addition to his work to support the implementation of optical communications technologies in major service provider networks, he has been involved in reliability assurance and failure analysis efforts on aerospace communications networks. He holds B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in chemical engineering (Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey), and a Ph.D. in chemical engi-

IEEE Communications Magazine • August 2010

neering and polymer materials science and engineering (Princeton University, New Jersey). Before joining Telcordia (then Bellcore) in 1987, he held Monsanto and ExxonMobil postdoctoral fellowships and research scientist appointments in mechanical engineering (Mechanics of Materials Division), chemical engineering (Microstructural Engineering Division), and at the Center for Materials Science and Engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge. He is an active member of the American Chemical Society, American Institute of Physics — Society of Rheology, Materials Research Society, International Society for Optical Engineering, and IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics, and Communications Societies. He has extensively published in various professional society journals, presented his work at international conferences, and delivered invited talks at conferences and university colloquia. He holds five U.S. patents and chairs the Telecommunications Industry Association TR-42.13 Subcommittee on Passive Optical Devices and Fiber Optic Metrology. He also serves as an editor of the IEEE Communications Magazine Optical Communications Series. HIDEO KUWAHARA [F] ([email protected]) joined Fujitsu in 1974, and has been engaged for more than 30 years in R&D of optical communications technologies, including high-speed TDM systems, coherent optical transmission systems, EDFA, terrestrial and submarine WDM systems, and related optical components. His current responsibility is to lead photonics technology as a Fellow of Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd. in Japan. He stayed in the United States from 2000 to 2003 as a senior vice president at Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc., and Fujitsu Laboratories of America, Richardson, Texas. He belongs to LEOS and ComSoc. He is a co-Editor of IEEE Communications Magazine’s Optical Communications Series. He is currently a member of the International Advisory Committee of the European Conference on Optical Communications, and chairs the Steering Committee of CLEO Pacific Rim. He is a Fellow of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communications Engineers (IEICE) of Japan. He has co-chaired several conferences, including Optoelectronics and Communications Conference (2007. He received an Achievement Award from IEICE of Japan in 1998 for the experimental realization of optical terabit transmission. He received the Sakurai Memorial Award from the Optoelectronic Industry and Technology Development Association of Japan in 1990 for research on coherent optical communication. VIJAY JAIN ([email protected]) is program manager for the Testing Program for FTTP and CO active and passive fiber optic components. He serves as technical leader for FOC qualification, and analyzes products for compliance and reliability before deployment into the Verizon network. He is involved in product identification, procurement, network planning, and field remediation. He has over 15 years of experience in the telecom industry and has worked in three countries (India, the United States, and Canada). Prior to Verizon he worked as vice president and in management positions for telecom equipment manufacturers and test laboratories, which provided him a 360° exposure to the overall telecom business and technologies. During last 15 years, he has worked in engineering, R&D, planning, strategic, and business development roles. Achievements include designing and testing of GSM/CDMA-based wireless antenna, DSP-based VLSI chips, NMS for optical and wireless technologies, fiber optic components, and transport systems up to OC-768 transmission rates. He holds two Master's degrees in telecom engineering, specializing in wireless technology from the Indian Institute of Technology and in DSP technology from Concordia University, Canada. JOHN SPENCER [SM] ([email protected]) is a telecom industry veteran with over 37 years experience. He worked for 29 years with BellSouth, 14 of those years as a member of technical staff in the Science and Technology department. During that time he was involved in the introduction of SONET and EDFAs, and had a team lead role for the introduction of DWDM technology in the BellSouth network. He worked for four years as regional director — product marketing engineering for Mahi Networks in Petaluma, California. He is currently a business and technology strategist for Optelian Access Networks, where he manages industry and customer direction to Optelian's product line as well as a key role in Optelian's AT&T account management. He was Conference Co-Chairman for NFOEC in 1991 and 1998. He has served on the NFOEC Technical Program Committee for 10 years. He served as Secretary and Chairman of ANSI accredited committee T1X1, Digital Hierarchy and Synchronization, which developed the standards for SONET. He is a graduate of Georgia Institute of Technology (B.E.E.) and is a registered Professional Engineer (PE) in the State of Alabama. He currently serves on the NFOEC/OFC Technical Program Committee.

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