donors to permit or refuse donation, or give this choice to relatives. ... Analysis of Trust to Health Care Professionals, Emotional Intelligence and Attitudes ...
1st Congress of the Turkic World Transplantation Society May 20-22, 2015 Astana, Kazakhstan Analysis of Trust to Health Care Professionals, Emotional Intelligence and Attitudes Towards Organ Donation Within Polish and Turkish Societies Ewa Makuch1, Klaudia Boniecka2, Bahire Aygör1,Evren Özçınar1, Hanna Liberska2, A. Rüçhan Akar1. 1University
of Ankara, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cebeci Heart Center, TURKEY 2University of Kazimierz Wielki, Institute of Psychology, Bydgoszcz, POLAND
Background • Organ transplantation is the moving of an organ from one body to another or from a donor site to another location on the person's own body, to replace the recipient's damaged or absent organ. Transplantation medicine is one of the most challenging and complex areas of modern medicine. Organ donation is the donation of biological tissue or an organ of the human body, from a living or dead person to a living recipient in need of a transplantation. Transplantable organs and tissues are removed in asurgical procedure following a determination, based on the donor's medical and social history, of which are suitable for transplantation.The laws of different countries allow potential donors to permit or refuse donation, or give this choice to relatives. The frequency of donations varies among countries. The National Transplant Organization of Spain is one of the most successful in the world, but it still cannot meet the demand, as 10% of those needing a transplant die while still on the transplant list. The demand for organs significantly surpasses the number of donors everywhere in the world.One of the main problem in the world is lack of deceased donors comparing to number of patients waiting for a transplantation (Fig.1) The family member refusal rate for a donation is very high all over the world. The number of people on waiting lists in Poland and Turkey is much bigger than a number of donors (Fig.2)For some people this means waiting, sometime for years, and undergoing difficult and stressful treatment. For all too many it means they will die before a suitable organ becomes available. General public should be sensitized on this issue. In our research we focused on variables that remain in connection with the attitudes to organ transplantation. In our research we will focus on such variables as: emotional intelligence, trust to health care system and knowledge regarding organ transplantation. 25000
WAITING LISTS 22.297
20000
15000
10000
5000 2164 556
356
921
136
0 HEART
Figure 1: Population/Actual deceased donation rate (pmp) 2012
KIDNEY
POLAND
TURKEY
LIVER
Figure 2: Number of people on the waiting lists in Poland and Turkey
Aim The main objective of this research was to identify the level of trust to health care professionals and emotional intelligence among Polish and Turkish societies so as to make an analysis of psychological variables associated with kowledge and attitudes toward transplantation.
Questions of the Study Questions of the study:
1. Are there statistically significant differences in attitudes towards transplantation of organs between Poles and Turks? 2. Is there a correlation between the level of emotional intelligence and presented attitudes in researched groups (Poles and Turks)? 3.Is there a statistically significant relationship between the trust to health care professionals and attitudes towards transplantation? 4. Is there a link between the level of knowledge regarding organ donation and attitudes about transplantation in different groups of respondents?
Methods 100 people from Turkey (n=100) and 100 people from Poland (n=100) took part in a survey. Respondents were students between 18-25 years old. In the research Questionnaire regarding attitudes towards organ transplantation and organ donation, survey about trust to health care professionals and Shuttle Emotional Intelligence were used. First two questionnaires were created for the research by the authors of the abstract. Shuttle Emotional Intelligence is a worldwide used psychological scale designed by N. S. Schutte, J. M. Malouff, L. E. Hall, D. J. Haggerty, J. T. Cooper, Ch. J. Gloden, L. Dornheim. The questionnaire used to measure emotional intelligence, understood as the ability to recognize, understand and control own and others 'emotions, and the ability to make effective use of emotions in directing them to yourself and others'. The tool has a satisfactory internal compliance and absolute stability. Another tool used in the study was the original questionnaire regarding Attitudes Towards Transplantation (ATT) designed for research by Boniecka, Makuch, Liberska, Aygör and Akar (not validated). The questionnaire consists of 20 components of items and examines the cognitive, emotional and behavioral attitudes toward transplantation. The lower the result in the questionnaire the more positive attitude towards transplantation and organ donation. External Compliance tool in the study group determined based on Cronbach's alpha is 0.82 for the whole questionnaire.
Results Variable
1. Analysing attitudes toward transplantation showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the groups: students with Polish origin did not differ between students from Turkey in the presented attitudes regarding transplantation and organ donation.
Attitudes
The average in the group of Polish students 31,91
The average t in the group of Turkish students 36,08 -2,58
df
198
N- Polish students group
N-Turkish students group
100
100
P
> 0.05
2. The second stage of analysis provided information on the relationship between attitudes toward transplantation and the level of emotional intelligence. For the calculation Pearson correlation test was used. It has been shown that emotional intelligence is correlated to a statistically significant level of attitudes toward transplantation in a group of Polish students (-0.34 *) and in a group of students from Turkey (-0.29 *). Negative correlationn results from the inverted key in the questionnaire ATT means that the higher the level of emotional intelligence is the more positive attitude toward transplantation and organ donation are present. 3. Pearson correlation test was used in order to answer the question, whether there is a relationship between trust in health care personnel and attitudes toward organ transplantation in the treatment groups. Trust in the health care personnel correlates to attitudes toward transplantation at a statistically significant level, both in the group of Polish students this correlation is (-0.46 *) and in a group of Turkish students (-0.41 *).
Conclusion This study is an attempt to analyze the variables which are relevant to attitudes toward organ transplantation. It turns out that there is lack of significant differences in attitudes presented in the examined groups of students from Poland and Turkey. However, a significant links between declared attitudes toward transplantation and the level of emotional intelligence were detected in both groups. A significant correlation was found between attitudes toward transplantation and trust in the health care professionals. High level of trust in the health care personnel has a relationship with a positive attitude toward transplantation. Therefore, it seems that educational activities aimed at increasing organ donation should also consider to increase trust in the health service activities. These are issues that certainly require further study, since, nowadays there is still a problem of low donation of organs from a deceased as well as the existence of negative stereotypes against transplantation and organ donation.
