2.3 Kinetics of Dehalogenation by the First Generation Victoria Culture . ..... Dechlorination Yield: Victoria, Tinker VZ. and Dover Lactate-Fed Microcosms .
.
-L
,
I
.
, .
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy
DISCLAIMER
.
This report was prepared as a n account of work sponsored by a n agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, make any w m t y , express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responn'bility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or p r o a s disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, pmess, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or 0thdoes not neceSSacny constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation,or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.
DISCLAIMER
Portions of this document may be iUegible in electronic image products. Images are produced fmm the best available original
document,
.
Contents 1.0 Introduction...........................................................................................................................
.
1.1
2.0 Methods .................................................................................................................................
2.1
2.1 Chemicals .........................................................................................................................
2.1
2.2 First-GenerationPCE Microcosms ...................................................................................
2.1
2.2.1 soils..........................................................................................................................
2.1
2.2.2 Microcosm Set-Up ...................................................................................................
2.1
2.2.3 Sampling and Analytical Procedures ......................................................................
2.2
2.3 Kinetics of Dehalogenation by the First Generation Victoria Culture .............................
2.3
2.3.1 Experimental Set-Up...................................................................................................
2.3
2.3.2 Sampling and Analysis ...............................................................................................
2.4
2.3.3 Kinetic Analysis...........-...............................................................................................
2.5
2.4 Second-GenerationMicrocosms .......................................................................................
2.5
2.5 High PCE Concentration Tests .........................................................................................
2.6
2.5.1 Tinker VZ Sediments..................................................................................................
2.6
2.5.2 Victoria Suspension Culture.......................................................................................
2.6
2.5.3 Yakima River Delta Sediments...................................................................................
2.7
2.6 Kinetics of PCE Dechlorination by the Coniell Culture...................................................
2.7
2.6.1 Experimental Set-Up...................................................................................................
2.7
2.7 DNAPL Dehalogenation by the Cornell Culture ..............................................................
2.8
2.6.2 Kinetic Analysis.......................................................................................................... 2.8
2.8 Reducing Equivalent Calculations....................................................................................
2.8
3.1 First-GenerationMicrocosms............................................................................................
3.1
3.0 Results .................................................................................................................................... 3.1 3.1.1 PCE Dechlorination.................................................................................................... 3.1.2 Relationship Between Dechlorination and Use of Electron Donors ..........................
3.1 3.6
3.2 Second-Generation Microcosms ....................................................................................... e
.
3.3 High PCE Concentration Tests .......................................................................................
3.4 Kinetics of Dehalogenation by the Victoria Sediment Culture ......................................
3.8 3.11 3.12
iii
I...
.r.--m7..
............
....
-.
..
_ .-.-...
j ' .
. .
L \
......
.......
3.5 PCE Dehalogenation by the Cornell Culture .................................................................. 3.5.1 Dehalogenation Kinetics...........................................................................................
3.5.2 Flow Cell Tests Using PCE DNAPL ........................................................................
4.0 Discussion.............................................................................................................................. 4.1 PCE Dehalogenation in Anaerobic Sediments.................................................................. 4.2 Application of Results to In Situ Bioremediation.............................................................
5.0 References .............................................................................................................................
iv
..
7
.
..............
. .
>
..
. . . . . ............ j
-c
.
"3%
..
3.20 3.20 3.24 4.1
4.1 4.2 5.1
Figures Figure 3.1. Dehalogenation Products Measured at the End of Incubation and the Initial Amount of PCE Added for All Microcosms. Duplicate bottles for each condition are shown separately ............_.................3.2 Figure 3.2. Transient Data from Lactate-Amended Microcosms: (a) Victoria Bottle A, (b) Victoria Bottle By(c) Tinker VZ Bottle A, and (d) Tinker VZ Bottle B .....................................................................
3.4
Figure 3.3. Transient Data from Methanol-Amended Tinker VZ Microcosms: (a) Bottle A and (b) Bottle B ...........................................................................................................................................................
3.5
Figure 3.4. Distribution of reducing equivalents for the four sediments at the end of incubation. Duplicate bottles are listed in the same order as in Figure 3.1. Arrows indicate microcosms which produced large quantities of dehalogenation products ............................................................. :.....................
3.7
Figure 3.5. Transient Data from Victoria Second Generation Microcosms Amended with (a) PCE, (b) TCE, (c) cis-DCE, and (d) VC .......................................................................................................................
3.9
Figure 3.6. Transient Data from Tinker VZ Second Generation Microcosms Amended with (a) PCE, (b) TCE, (c) cis-DCE, and (d) VC ....................................................................................................................... 3.10 Figure 3.7. Example Experimental Data and Model Fit for an Acetate-Fed Electron-Donor Test
. Using the Victoria Sediment Culture: (a) Acetate, (b) Methane, and (c) Biomass ......................................
3.16
Figure 3.8. Example Experimental Data and Model Fit for a Propionate-Fed Electron-Donor Test Using 3.17 the Victoria Sediment Culture: (a) Propionate, (b) Acetate, (c) Methane, and (d) Biomass ........................ Figure 3.9. Example Experimental Data and Model Fit for a Lactate-Fed Electron-Donor Test Using the Victoria Sediment Culture: (a) Lactate and Propionate, (b) Acetate, (c) Methane, and (d) Biomass ..........................................................................................................................................................
3.1 8
Figure 3.10. Example Experimental Data and Model Fit for a Lactate-Fed Dehalogenation-Reactor Test Using the Victoria Sediment Culture: (a) PCE, (b) TCE, (c) DCE, and (d) Total VOCs in the Reactor ........................................................................................................................ .:............................ 3.19 Figure 3.11. Biomass (a) and Methane (b) Data and Model Fit for the Dehalogenation-Reactor Tests Represented in Figure 3.10. Arrows on (a) indicate the time when lactate was added to the reactor. ............................................................................................................................................................
3.20
Figure 3.12. Example Data and Model Prediction for a PCE Dechlorination Test Using the Cornel1 Culture. TCE and DCE results are not presented, because their concentrations were near zero for the entire test. .......................... :............................................................................................................................
3.21
Figure 3.13. Methanol (a), Biomass (b), Methane (c), and VOAs (d) Data and Model Prediction for the PCE Dehalogenation Experiment Represented in Figure 3.12. Arrows on (a) indicate the time when methanol was added to the reactor. ................................................................................................................. 3.22
V
Figure 3.14. PCE and Reductive Dechlorination Products in Biotic and Abiotic Soil Columns. DCE is not shown because no significant concentrationsof DCE were observed in these tests. Lines connecting the data points are not model results, but are added to help define data trends. .........................
3.25
Figure 4.1. Conceptual Representation of the Subsurface Microbial Process Which Will Occur When Electron Donor is Injected Near a Chloroethene DNAPL and chlororespiratorsare present. ......................
4.4
Figure 4.2. Schematic Representation of the Example TCE DNAPL Hot Spot and Associated Dissolved Plume .............................................................................................................................................................. 4.4
.....
,,,
:
.
3
.
.:.
I .
.
'
I
Tables Table 3.1. Apparent Zero-Order Dehalogenation Rates for High Dechlorinating Cultures ........................
3.3
Table 3.2. Dehalogenation Results at the End of Incubation for Second Generation Lactate-Fed Victoria and Tinker VZ Sediment Cultures. Results for duplicate bottles are reported as Bottle A. Bottle B..........3.9 Table 3.3. Dechlorination Yield: Victoria, Tinker VZ. and Dover Lactate-Fed Microcosms
...................3.11
Table 3.4. Dechlorination Yield for Victoria and Tinker VZ Lactate-Fed Microcosms ..............................
3.12
Table 3.5. Kinetic Parameters for the Victoria Sediment Culture ...............................................................
3.14
Table 3.6. Half-Saturation Constants for Victoria Model
...........................................................................
3.15
Table 3.7. Kinetic Parameters for Methanol Consumption. Biomass Growth. and Anaerobic By-product Formation ...................................................................................................................................................... 3.24 Table 3.8. Dechlorination Kinetic Parameters ............................................................................................. Table 4.1. Specific Dehalogenation Rate for PCE and TCE Table 4.2. System Properties
.......................................................................
........................................................................................................................
3.24 4.3 4.5
Table 4.3. Remediation System Requirements for Anaerobic Co-Metabolism of Hot Spot and Dissolved Plume ............................................................................................................................................................. 4.5
.,
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5
.
-.,.
;.;-
