ria carpelli Léger et Hollande have been frequent intestinal parasites of Gobio gobio and. Phoxinus phoxinus hosts. 2. Oocysts in every respect similar to those ...
Parasit. H u n g . 11. 1978
Five New Eimeria Species (Protozoa : G>ccidia) from Freshwater Fishes indigenous in Hungary Dr. Kálmán MOLNÁR Veterinary Research Institute Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest
" F i v e new E i m e r i a species ( P r o t o z o a : Coccidia) f r o m f r e s h - w a t e r genous i n H u n g a r y " - M o l n á r , K . - P a r a s i t . H u n g . 1 1 . 5 - 1 1 . 1978.
fishes
indi
A B S T R A C T . E i m e r i a k a s s a i i sp. n . , E . m a t s k a s i i sp. n . , E . m e s z a r o s i sp. n . f r o m U m b r a k r a m e r i , E . m u r a i a e sp. n . from M i s g u r n u s f o s s i l i s , and E . nemethi f r o m A l b u r n u s a l b u r n u s , as w e l l a s u n s p o r u l a t e d o o c y s t s o f a s i x t h e i m e r i a n s p e cies found i n M i s g u r n u s fossilis are described.
T h e o c c u r r e n c e o f some E i r o e r i a species i n f i s h hosts indigenous i n H u n g a r y was r e p o r t e d e a r l i e r ( P E L L É R D Y and M O L N Á R , 1968, 1 9 7 1 ; M O L N Á R and P E L L É R D Y , 1970); a m o n g the s p e c i e s then f o u n d , E i m e r i a s c a r d i n i i and E . a c e r i n a e w e r e d e s c r i b e d as n e w o n e s . I n t h e m e a n t i m e f u r t h e r o o c y s t s , n o t b e l o n g i n g t o any k n o w n s p e c i e s , h a v e b e e n f o u n d i n f i s h ; d e s c r i p t i o n s and depictions o f these are presented i n this p a p e r .
Material and Method T h e o o c y s t s w e r e c o l l e c t e d p a r t l y by r e g u l a r e x a m i n a t i o n o f f i s h s p e c i e s n o t p r e v i o u s l y s t u d i e d f o r i n f e c t i o n b y E i m e r i a e , p a r t l y as c o n c u r r e n t s t a g e s e n c o u n t e r e d i n m e t h o d i c a l studies of E . l e u c i s c i oocysts. The hosts w e r e taken f r o m pools, swamps and r i v e r s i n d i f f e r e n t p a r t s of H u n g a r y , and w e r e t r a n s p o r t e d a l i v e to the l a b o r a t o r y , w h e r e they w e r e ex a m i n e d e i t h e r i m m e d i a t e l y , o r a f t e r a few d a y s ' aquary k e e p i n g . A f t e r e x t e r m i n a t i o n o f the hosts, i m p r e s s i o n s m e a r s w e r e s e c u r e d f r o m s e v e r a l organs and i n t e s t i n a l contents, i n t e s t i n a l m u c u s a n d m u c o s a l s c r a p i n g s w e r e e x a m i n e d f o r c o c c i d i a (a d e t a i l e d m e t h o d i c a l d e s c r i p t i o n i s i n an o t h e r a r t i c l e ; M O L N Á R , 1977). T h e o o c y s t s c o l l e c t e d f r o m the h o s t s w e r e s t u d i e d m i c r o s c o p i c a l l y ( N F Z e i s s m i c r o s c o p e ) u n d e r a c o v e r s l i p , by i m m e r s i o n t e c h n i q u e . T h e o o c y s t m e a s u r e m e n t s w e r e d e t e r m i n e d o n a t l e a s t 30 s t a g e s p e r s p e c i e s , a n d d r a w i n g s w e r e p r e p a r e d . A l l m e a s u r e m e n t s i n c l u d e d i n t h e d e s c r i p t i o n s a r e g i v e n i n )im.
Recuits and Discussion
Eimeria kassaii
sp.
n.
( F i g . 1)
Diagnosis. - Oocyst spherical, 11.7 (11.5-12.0) i n diameter. Cyst w a l l smooth, c o l o r l e s s , composed of a single, very thin layer (0.1). Sporocyst compact, i n contact with the o o c y s t w a l l . O o c y s t r e s i d u u m , m i c r o p y l e and p o l a r g r a n u l e absent. S p o r o c y s t s coffeeb e a n - s h a p e d , m e a s u r i n g 1 0 . 5 ( 1 0 . 2 - 1 1 . 0 ) i n l e n g t h , 6. 2 ( 6 . 0 - 6 . 5) i n w i d t h a n d 5 . 2 ( 4 . 9 - 5 . 5 ) i n depth. S p o r o c y s t w a l l 0 . 1 t h i c k . Stieda body absent. S p o r o c y s t s a r e p a r a l l e l , u s u a l l y a r ranged so that two p a i r s o f sporocysts c r o s s each other. Sporocyst w i t h two v e r m i f o r m s p o r o z o i t e s , w h i c h a r e a r r a n g e d head to t a i l . One end of s p o r o z o i t s r e f l e x e d . M e a s u r e m e n t s of s p o r o z o i t e s without r e f l e x e d p o r t i o n 9. 6 (9. 3 - 1 0 . 1 ) x 2.0 ( 1 . 9 - 2 . 1 ) . S p o r o z o i t e s have each a r e f r a c t i l e globule. Sporocyst r e s i d u u m finely granulated, round or ellipsoid; m e a s u r i n g 4 . 0 - 5 . 0 x 4 . 5 - 5 . 5. S p o r u l a t i o n o f t h e o o c y s t w a s c o m p l e t e d i n t h e g u t o f t h e h o s t .
Host: U m b r a k r a m e r i . - L o c a l i t y : swamps i n K i s k u n s á g N a t i o n a l P a r k . - Location: gut e p i t h e l i u m , faeces. - H o s t / I n f e c t i o n : 1 5 / 8 . R e m a r k s : T h i s s p e c i e s r e s e m b l e s E . l a u r e l e u s M o l n á r et F e r n a n d o , 1974 but d i f f e r s i n h a v i n g c o m p a c t r e s i d u u m i n the s p o r o c y s t .
Fig.
boratory,
1: E i m e r i a k a s s a i i sp.
The species is named after D r . T i b o r K A S S A I , U n i v e r s i t y o f V e t e r i n a r y Scien.ee, B u d a p e s t .
E i m e r i a m a t s k a s i i sp.
n.
n.
parasitologist, Helminthological La
(Fig.2)
Diagnosis. - Oocyst spherical, 11.0 ( 1 0 . 5 - 1 1 . 5 ) i n d i a m e t e r . Cyst w a l l smooth, colorless, composed of a single, v e r y thin layer ( ~ 0 . 1 ) . Sporocysts compact, in contact w i t h the o o c y s t w a l l . O o c y s t r e s i d u u m and m i c r o p y l e a b s e n t , one o r t w o p o l a r g r a n u l e s p r e sent, 1.7 ( 1 . 5 - 1 . 9 ) i n d i a m e t e r . S p o r o c y s t o v a l , m e a s u r i n g 8 . 8 (8. 5 - 9 . 1) x 4 . 0 ( 3 . 5 - 4 . 5 ) . S t i e d a body 1.0 ( 0 . 9 - 1 , l ) . l o n g w i t h a t h i c k e n i n g a n d 4 p a p i l l a e s i t u a t e d o n t h e t a p e r e d e n d o f the s p o r o c y s t . S p o r o c y s t w a l l 0. 1 t h i c k , w i t h a p a t t e r n of 18-20 c o n c e n t r i c a l s t r i p e s . S p o r o cysts are u s u a l l y a r r a n g e d so that t w o p a r a l l e l s p o r o c y s t s c r o s s each o t h e r . E a c h s p o r o c y s t w i t h 2 v e r m i f o r m s p o r o z o i t e s a r r a n g e d h e a d to t a i l ; one end of e a c h r e f l e x e d . M e a s u r e m e n t s o f s p o r o z o i t e s w i t h o u t r e f l e x e d p o r t i o n 8. 1 ( 7 . 7 - 8 . 5) x 1. 5 ( 1 . 4 - 1 . 7 ) . E a c h s p o r o z o i t e p o s s e s s e s an e l l i p s o i d a l r e f r a c t i l e g l o b u l e , m e a s u r i n g 2 x 1 . S p o r o c y s t r e s i d u u m d i s p e r s e d , c o m posed of 3-5 c o a r s e g r a n u l e s . I n y o u n g e r o o c y s t , h o w e v e r , i t i s r o u n d and c o m p a c t , 1.3 ( 1 . 0 - 1 . 5) i n d i a m e t e r . S p o r u l a t i o n o f t h e o o c y s t s w a s c o m p l e t e d i n t h e g u t o f t h e h o s t .
Host: Umbra k r a m e r i . - Locality: swamps i n Kiskunság National Park. - Location i n the host: gut e p i t h e l i u m and faeces. R e m a r k s : T h i s species r e s e m b l e s E i m e r i a anguillae L é g e r and H o l l a n d e , 1922, but d i f f e r s f r o m i t by t h e s t r u c t u r e o f t h e S t i e d a b o d y a n d by h a v i n g a p o l a r g r a n u l e . The species is named after D r . István MATSKÁSI, parasitologist, research as sociate i n this Institute.
2
iL
Fig.
Eimeria meszarosi
sp.
n.
2: E i m e r i a m a t s k a s i i s p .
n.
( F i g . 3)
Diagnosis. - Oocyst ellipsoid or spherical, 1 1 . 3 (11. 0-11.5) x 10.8 ( 1 0 . 4 - 1 1 . 0 ) . C y s t w a l l s m o o t h , c o l o r l e s s , c o m p o s e d o f a s i n g l e v e r y thin l a y e r ( ~ 0 . 1). Sporocyst m o d e r a t e l y c o m p a c t . O o c y s t r e s i d u u m a n d m i c r o p y l e a b s e n t , one p o l a r g r a n u l e o f e l o n g a t e d s h a p e , m e a s u r i n g 3 x 0 . 5 , p r e s e n t . S p o r o c y s t s e l o n g a t e d , c y l i n d r i c a l , t a p e r i n g at the ends, m e a s u r i n g 1 0 . 2 ( 9 . 9 - 1 0 . 6) x 3. 1 ( 2 . 7 - 3 . 4 ) . S p o r o c y s t w a l l 0 . 2 t h i c k . S t i e d a b o d y a b s e n t . F o u r s p o r o c y s t s a r r a n g e d l e n g t h w i s e and u s u a l l y i n the s a m e d i r e c t i o n i n the o o c y s t . E a c h s p o r o c y s t w i t h 2 v e r m i f o r m s p o r o z o i t e s a r r a n g e d head to t a i l . One end of the s p o r o z o i t e r e f l e x e d . M e a s u r e m e n t s o f s p o r o z o i t e s ( w i t h o u t r e f l e x e d p o r t i o n ) 9 . 4 ( 9 . 1 - 9 . 7 ) x 1.2 ( 1 . 0 - 1 . 5 ) . E a c h s p o r o z o i t e p o s s e s s e s an e l l i p s o i d a l r e f r a c t i l e g l o b u l e . S p o r o c y s t r e s i d u u m d i s p e r s e d , c o m p o s e d o f 3-5 c o a r s e g r a n u l e s . S p o r u l a t i o n of the o o c y s t was c o m p l e t e d i n the gut o f the h o s t . Host: Umbra k r a m e r i . - Locality: swamps in Kiskunság National Park. - Location i n the h o s t : gut e p i t h e l i u m a n d f a e c e s . - H o s t / I n f e c t i o n r a t i o : 1 5 / 1 2 . Remarks: Eimeria meszarosi r e s e m b l e s E i m e r i a hoffmani, a parasite of U m b r a l i m i i n A m e r i c a , b u t d i f f e r s f r o m i t by t h e c y l i n d r i c a l s h a p e o f i t s s p o r o c y s t s , a n d by p r e s ence o f an elongated p o l a r g r a n u l e . T h i s species is named after D r . F e r e n c M É S Z Á R O S , parasitologist, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest.
F i g , 3: E i m e r i a m e s z a r o s i s p . Fig.
4: E i m e r i a m u r a i a e sp.
A = Oocyst;
B = young
n. n.
sporocyst
E i m e r i a muraiae sp.
n.
(Figs. 4A, B)
D i a g n o s i s . - O o c y s t e l l i p s o i d o r o v a l , 46.5 ( 4 5 . 5 - 4 7 ) l o n g a n d 36. 4 ( 3 5 . 8 - 3 7 . 1 ) w i d e . Cyst w a l l smooth, c o l o r l e s s , composed of a single thin l a y e r ( 0 . 1 - 0 . 2 ) . Sporocysts localize n e a r the c e n t r e o f the o o c y s t , w i t h a r e l a t i v e l y l a r g e s p a c e s e p a r a t i n g t h e m f r o m the c y s t w a l l . ' O o c y s t r e s i d u u m , m i c r o p y l e and p o l a r granule absent. Sporocysts elongated e l l i p s o i d a l , m e a s u r i n g 2 3 . 4 ( 2 2 . 1 - 2 4 . 8) x 9 . 0 ( 8 . 4 - 9 . 5 ) . S p o r o c y s t w a l l 0 . 2 t h i c k . E a c h s p o r o c y s t w i t h two b a n a n e - s h a p e d s p o r o z o i t e s a r r a n g e d head to t a i l . T h e s p o r o z o i t e s have a r e f r a c t i n g a r e a at the t a p e r e d end and a l o n g i t u d i n a l r a d i a t i n g p a t t e r n at the b l u n t end. S p o r o z o i t e s m e a s u r e 1 7 . 6 ( 1 7 . 2 - 1 8 . 1) x 5. 3 ( 5 . 1 - 5. 5 ) . S p o r o c y s t r e s i d u u m f i n e l y g r a n u l a t e d ; compact, el l i p s o i d a l , 1 0 . 2 ( 9 . 5 - 1 0 . 7) x 6. 5 ( 6 . 2 - 6 . 7) i n s i z e a n d s i t u a t e d a t o n e e n d i n y o u n g o o c y s t s , w h i l e d i s p e r s e d t h r o u g h o u t the s p a c e w i t h i n the s p o r o c y s t s i n o l d e r o n e s . Host: Misgurnus fossilis. - Locality: swamps in K i s k u n s á g National Park. - Location i n the host: k i d n e y , r e n a l tubes. - H o s t / I n f e c t i o n r a t i o : 4 / 2 . Remarks: E i m e r i a muraiae differs from a l l known E i m e r i a parasites of fresh water f i s h by t h e l a r g e s i z e a n d l o o s e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f t h e o o c y s t s . T h i s species is named after D r . É v a M U R A I , parasitologist, Hungarian N a t u r a l H i story M u s e u m , Budapest.
F i g . 5: E i m e r i a n e m e t h i s p .
n.
E i r n e r i a nemethi sp.
n . ( F i g . 5)
D i a g n o s i s . - O o c y s t e l l i p s o i d , 1 8 . 4 ( 1 7 . 0 - 2 0 . 2) l o n g a n d 1 2 . 5 ( 1 1 . 5 - 1 3 . 5) w i d e . C y s t w a l l s m o o t h , c o l o r l e s s , c o m p o s e d o f a s i n g l e thin l a y e r ( ~ 0 . 1). Sporocysts m o d e r a t e l y c o m p a c t . O o c y s t r e s i d u u m , m i c r o p y l e a n d p o l a r g r a n u l e a b s e n t . S p o r o c y s t o v a l , m e a s u r i n g 12 ( 1 1 . 4 - 1 2 . 6 ) x 4 . 4 ( 4 . 1 - 3 . 9 ) . D i s c - l i k e S t i e d a b o d y , 0 . 3 t h i c k a n d 3. 7 ( 3 . 5 - 4 . 0 ) i n d i a m e t e r a t its t a p e r e d end. S p o r o c y s t w a l l 0 . 2 t h i c k . F o u r s p o r o c y s t a r r a n g e d l e n g t h w i s e , but not a l ways the s a m e d i r e c t i o n i n the o o c y s t . E a c h s p o r o c y s t c a r r i e s t w o v e r m i f o r m s p o r o z o i t e s a r r a n g e d head to t a i l , i s s l i g h t l y bent at one e n d , w i t h a r e f r a c t i l e g l o b u l e i n t h e bent p o r t i o n . Measurements o f s p o r o z o i t e s 7 . 2 ( 6 . 9 - 7 . 5 ) x 2. 3 ( 2 . 1 - 2 . 5 ) . S p o r o c y s t r e s i d u u m d i s p e r s e d , consists of 2 or 3 coarse g r a n u l e s . S p o r u l a t i o n o f the o o c y s t w a s c o m p l e t e d i n the i n n e r o r g a n s o f the h o s t . H o s t : A l b u r n u s a l b u r n u s . - L o c a l i t y : d r a i n i n g c a n a l n e a r to L a k e V e l e n c e i . - L o c a tion i n the host: p a r e n c h y m e of spleen, l i v e r and k i d n e y . - H o s t / I n f e c t i o n r a t i o : l / l . R e m a r k s : E i m e r i a n e m e t h i r e s e m b l e s E i m e r i a r u t i l i D o g i e l et B y c h o w s k y , 1938 a n d E i m e r i a e s o c i S c h u l m a n e t Z a i k a , 1 9 6 2 , b u t d i f f e r s f r o m t h e m by s h a p e o f S t i e d a b o d y a n d s i z e at the o o c y s t , r e s p e c t i v e l y . T h i s species is n a m e d after D r . I s t v á n N É M E T H , p a r a s i t o l o g i s t i n this Institute.
Eimeria
sp.
One of the f o u r e x a m i n e d M i s g u r n u s f o s s i l i s f i s h h a r b o u r e d i n the g a l l b l a d d e r , i n i t s bilious content round, g r a n u l a r , o o c y s t - l i k e bodies, 15-16 i n d i a m e t e r ( F i g . 6 A ) . Bodies i n e v e r y r e s p e c t s i m i l a r to these, but c o n s i d e r a b l y less n u m e r o u s , w e r e also e n c o u n t e r e d i n the i n t e s t i n a l c o n t e n t . On 2 4 h r i n c u b a t i o n i n tap w a t e r , p a r t o f the bodies d e v e l o p e d to o o c y s t s 2 2 - 2 4 i n d i a m e t e r , e a c h e n c l o s i n g a f i n e l y g r a n u l a t e d s p o r o n t , 18 i n d i a m e t e r , c e n t r a l l y p l a c e d a n d s e p a r a t e d by a b r o a d s p a c e f r o m t h e 0 . 1 t h i c k c y s t w a l l ( F i g . 6 B ) . A f t e r a n o t h e r 24 h r , s o m e oocysts began to s p o r u l a t e ; i n each o f these a r o s e 4 s p h e r i c a l s p o r o b l a s t s , about 9 i n diameter (Fig. 6C).
F i g . 6: E i m e r i a s p . A = O o c y s t s found i n the g a l l b l a d d e r ; B = O o c y s t s i n c u b a t e d i n t a p w a t e r f o r 24 h r ; enclosing developing sporoblasts
C = Oocysts
D e a t h o f the o o c y s t s at t h i s s t a g e u n f o r t u n a t e l y p r e v e n t e d the f u r t h e r o b s e r v a t i o n o f s p o r u l a t i o n ; hence the l a c k of i n f o r m a t i o n on s p o r o c y s t s t r u c t u r e . O o c y s t s g a i n i n g f r e e a c c e s s to the i n t e s t i n e i n the g a l l b l a d d e r c o n t e n t a r e p r e s u m ably passed unsporulated; i t follows that although most E i m e r i a n parasites of fish undergo s p o r u l a t i o n i n the h o s t , s o m e s p e c i e s m i g h t c o m p l e t e d e v e l o p m e n t i n the o u t s i d e w o r l d . In a d d i t i o n to the m o r p h o l o g i c a l l y w e l l defineable o o c y s t s d e s c r i b e d i n the f o r e g o i n g , the e x a m i n e d fish hosts h a r b o u r e d s e v e r a l o t h e r types of o o c y s t s w h i c h c o r r e s p o n d e d with, o r at l e a s t had no d i f f e r e n t i a t i n g f e a t u r e f r o m the f i s h c o c c i d i a found e a r l i e r i n H u n g a r y . P a r t of these types o c c u r r e d i n p h y l o g e n e t i c a l l y so d i s t a n t h o s t s t h a t l i t t l e doubt has been left to
t h e i r s p e c i e s i n d e p e n d e n c e c o n s i d e r i n g the v e r y s t r i c t h o s t s p e c i f i c i t y o f E i m e r i a e . N e v e r t h e l e s s , t h e i r d e s c r i p t i o n as i n d e p e n d e n t s p e c i e s i s n o t p o s s i b l e f o r l a c k o f a p p r o p r i a t e c r o s s i n f e c t i o n e x p e r i m e n t s . T w o s p e c i e s o f t h i s c a t e g o r y s h o u l d be m e n t i o n e d h e r e , o n a c c o u n t o f t h e i r g r e a t frequency of o c c u r r e n c e ; 1. R o u n d , c o m p a c t o o c y s t s , 1 0 - 1 4 i n d i a m e t e r and r e s e m b l i n g the o o c y s t s r i a c a r p e l l i L é g e r et H o l l a n d e have been frequent i n t e s t i n a l p a r a s i t e s o f Gobio Phoxinus phoxinus hosts. 2. O o c y s t s i n e v e r y r e s p e c t s i m i l a r to t h o s e o f E i m e r i a l e u c i s c i S c h u l m a n o r d i f f e r i n g f r o m these only i n m i n o r f e a t u r e s , have been f r e q u e n t l y e n c o u n t e r e d i n tubules of B l i c c a bjoerkna, A b r a m i s b r a m a , A l b u r n u s alburnus and C a r a s s i u s hosts.
of Eimegobio and et Z a i k a , the r e n a l carassius
H.f.ic...i-
M O L N Á R , K . (1977); C o m m e n t s on the n a t u r e a n d m e t h o d s o f c o l l e c t i o n o f f i s h c o c c i d i a . P a r a s i t . H u n g . , 10_. 4 1 - 4 5 . M O L N Á R , K . - P E L L É R D Y , L . (1970): F u r t h e r studies on c o c c i d i a of f r e s h w a t e r i n H u n g a r y . - A c t a V e t . A c a d . S e i . H u n g . , 20. 4 5 - 5 5 . P E L L É R D Y , L . - M O L N Á R , K . (1968): K n o w n and u n k n o w n E i m e r i a H u n g a r y . - F o l i a P a r a s i t o l o g i c a ( P r a h a ) , 15. 9 7 - 1 0 5. P E L L É R D Y , L . - M O L N Á R , K . (1971): E i m e r i a acerinae sp. nua). - P a r a s i t . H u n g . , 4^ 1 2 1 - 1 2 4 .
Received:
20 N o v e m b e r ,
1977
-
fishes
parasites of fishes in
n . i n the
ruff (Acerina
cer-
Dr. MOLNÁR, K. Veterinary Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences H-1143 Budapest, H u n g á r i a k r t . 21.
