species Aprostatandrya macrocephala (Douthitt, 1915). Key words: Paranoplocephala genovi sp. n., P. aquatica, Aprostatandrya macrocephala, host Ondatra ...
Paranoplocephala genovi sp. n. (Cestoda, Anoplocephalidae) from the muskrat {Ondatra zibethicus L . ) 1
Arídrás G U B Á N Y I , FrantiSek T E N D R A
2
and Éva M U R A I
1
Zoologiml Department, Hungarian Natural History Museum, H-1088 Budapest, Baross u. 13, Hungary Zoological Department, Mendel Universityfor Agriculture and Forestry, 61300Brno, Czech Republic (Received 21 August, 1998)
Abstract: Paranoplocephala genovi sp. n. is described from Ondatra zibethicus in the Czech Republic. The new species is characterised by numerous testes, numbering 78 to 129 in several layers, situated mostly aporally to female glands, many of them behind the aporal lateral excretory canals, few anteri orly and some may overlap aporal and anterior lobes of ovary. Cirrus sac piri form, relatively long 94 to 117 by 225 to 258 pm, never across and behind poral lateral excretory canals. External seminal vesicle 40 to 66 by 410 to 503 um, tubular, covered by a layer of cells. Cirrus spined. Vagina 48 to 76 by 223 to 267 pm, open posteriorly to male pore, always shorter than cirrus sac, sur rounded by thick cellular stripe, sleeve 78 to 129 pm in width, lumen 18 to 77 pm in diameter. Seminal receptacle big and long (291 to 373 by 847 to 949 pm), cross-striking osmoregulatory canals. Uterus at first aggregation of cells, transverse, dorsal, becoming later reticulate and developing anterior and posterior sacculation. In gravid segments, uterus situated bilaterally across and behind osmoregulatory canals. The new species is related to the spe cies Paranoplocephala aquatica Genov, Vasileva et Georgiev, 1996 and to the species Aprostatandrya macrocephala (Douthitt, 1915). Key words: Paranoplocephala genovi sp. n., P. aquatica, Aprostatandrya macrocephala, host Ondatra zibethicus, Czech Republic
INTRODUCTION Genov et al. (1996) described the species Paranoplocephala aquatica sp. n. including the materials reported by Genov (1964,1984) as Aprostatandrya macrocephala (Douthitt, 1915) or Paranoplocephala blanchardi (Moniez, 1891) and identified by Spasskii et al. (1951) as Aprostatandrya ( A ) macrocephala (Douthitt, 1915) Spasskii, 1949. Moreover, Genov et al. (Î996) put into the species/? aquatica Genov, Vasileva et Georgiev, 1966 the specimens recovered from Ondatra zibethicus and described by Tenora and Murai (1980)
as Paranoplocephala ondatrae (Rausch, 1948) n. comb. After the re-examination of the above-mentioned species and materials the description of a new species is presented.
MATERIALS AND METHODS The abbreviations for the collections are as follows: H N H M , Parasitological Collection of Hungarian Natural History Museum; USNPC, U.S. National Parasite Collection, Beltsville, Maryland. The following cestodes were studied: A. macrocephala (Douthitt, 1915) = Paranoplo cephala macrocephala (Douthitt, 1915) Rausch, 1976, holotype USNPC No. 5681-1, 5681-2; Paranoplocephala genovi sp. n. H N H M 67380-67384 from Ondatra zibethicus, Ceské Budéjovice, Czech Republic, 10. 1955; muskrats were collected by F. Tenora, helminths were stained in borax carmine; Paranoplocephala aquatica paratypes HNHM-67368-1/2 fxomArvicola terrestris , Srebarna, Bulgaria, 27.04.1989. Most of the distance measurements were calculated by a special image acquisi tion system developed in our laboratory. A n Olympus BH-2 microscope was connected with an IBM-compatible PC. A grey scale Panasonic video camera (420 lines) and a high-resolution video digitising card (760 lines) were used. A l l distance measurements in the paper are given in micrometre unless stated otherwise.
RESULTS Paranaplocephala genovi sp. n.* Synonyms: Paranaplocephala ondatrae (Rausch, 1948) sensu Tenora et Murai, 1980 nee Rausch, 1948; Paranaplocephala aquatica Genov, Vasileva et Georgiev, 1996 pro parte. Holotype: H N H M 67381/a-d [personal slide numbers of F. Tenora: 478,479,480, 481 ; H N H M 67381/b was incorrectly published as HNHM-479 by Genov et al. (1996)], host: Ondatra zibethica, localisation: small intestine, locality: Ceské Budéjovice, Czech Republic, October 1955, one whole specimen on four slides Paratypes: H N H M 67382/a-b, H N H M 67383, H N H M 67384 [personal slide numbers of F. Tenora: 482,483,484,487; H N H M 67382/b, H N H M 67383 and H N H M 67384 were incorrectly published as HNHM-483,484 and 487 by Genov et al. (1996)], host: Ondatra zibethicus, localisation: small intestine, locality: Ceské Budéjovice, Czech Republic, October 1955; 3 spécimens on four slides, with the same data as the holotype, except for strobila length. Description: Strobila band-like, 118 mm long, maximum width attained in gravid or pregravid segments. A l l segments wider than long, with relative length increasing posteriorly, width of mature segments 5.7 times than length, 2284 to 2434 (mean 2348) by 332 to 459 (mean 408), width of gravid segments 13.3 times than length, 4464 to *
This cestode is named in honour of Prof. Dr. Todor Genov, D . S c , Central Laboratory of General Ecology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria, who has made a great contribution to research on cestodes parasitizing Rodentia and Insectivora.
Fig. 1. Paranoplocephala genovi sp. n., A - scolex (scale bar: 800 pm), B - mature segment (scale bar: 200 pm), C - gravid segments (scale bar: 800 pm)
4542 (mean 4495) by 296 to 347 (mean 337). Scolex 1093 long and 1089 in width, wider than neck. Suckers 243 to 257 by 232 to 265 (mean 249 by 251). Neck long and slender 484 wide and 863 long. Genital pores unilateral or alternating irregularly. Ventral osmoregulatory canals with transverse anastomosis; dorsal excretory canals simple, transverse anastomoses absent. Testes numerous, numbering 78 to 129 in several layers, situated mostly aporally to female glands; relatively many testes situated behind the aporal lateral excretory canals, few testes situated anteriorly and, some testes may overlap aporal and anterior lobes of ovary (Fig. 1). Cirrus sac pyriform, relatively long 94 to 117 (mean 108) by 225 to 258 (mean 242), never across and behind poral lateral excretory canals (Fig. 1). Internal seminal vesicle 86 to 113 (mean 101) by 94 to 139 (meanll6) and external seminal vesicle 40 to 66 (mean 53) by 410 to 503 (mean 466), tubular, covered by a layer of cells (Fig. 1). Cirrus with small spines. Vagina 48 to 76 (mean 56) by 223 to 267 (mean 241), open posteriorly to male pore, always shorter than cirrus sac, surrounded by thick cellular stripe, sleeve 71 to 267 in width, lumen 18 to 77 in diameter. Seminal receptacle big and long (291 to 373 by 847 to 949) cross-striking osmoregulatory canals (Fig. 1). Uterus at first aggregation of cells, transverse, dorsal, becoming later reticulate and developing anterior and posterior sacculations (Fig. 1). In gravid segments, uterus across and behind osmoregulatory canals bilaterally. Eggs 17.4-18.1 in diameter, oncospheres 4.6-5.0 in diameter.
DISCUSSION The species Paranaplocephala genovi sp. n. is most related to the species Paranaplo cephala aquatica Genov, Vasileva et Georgiev, 1996. The series of cestodes from Ondatra zibethicus were incorrectly determined by Tenora and Murai (1980) as Para naplocephala ondatrae (Rausch, 1948) n. comb, and Genov et al. (1996) also included them incorrectly into the species P. aquatica Genov, Vasileva et Georgiev, 1996. Like us, Genov et al. (1996) were not fully persuaded about this determination, as it is obvious from a part of the text in their study, cited below: "They resemble closely the type-specimens of P. aquatica, apart from some metric characters: the width of the strobila and the sizes of the cirrus sac, seminal vesicles and seminal receptacle Therefore, with some reservation, we ascribe the specimens from the Czeh Republic and Hungary to P. aquatica." (cf. Genov et al. 1996, p. 143). We agree with the above-mentioned findings of Genov et al. (1996). After re-examining the specimens from the Czech Republic, other characters have also been found which can support the validity of Paranoplocephala genovi sp. n. A reletively long cirrus sac can be shown, which in P. genovi never extends (even partly) across and behind the lateral excretory canals (cf. Genov et al. 1996, Figs 9 and 10 versus Figs 3, 4 and 5). As well, ini? genovi relatively many testes were found behind the aporal lateral excretory canals and robust lateral ventral excretory canals as well as a conspicuously long seminal receptacle were observed (cf. Genov et al. 1996, Figs 9 and 10; Tenora and Murai 1980, Figs 33 and 34). The species Paranoplocephala genovi sp. n. is close to the species P. ondatrae (Rausch, 1948) nec Tenora et Murai, 1980. The species P. genovi sp. n. differs from the latter species described originally as Andrya ondatrae Rausch, 1948, by the different position of testes and ovary and the different characteristics of the seminal vesicle.
Genov et al. (1996) put the material from Ondatra zibethicus, determined by Spasskii et al. (1951) as Aprostatandrya (A) macrocephala (Douthitt, 1915) Spasskii, 1949, into synonymy with the species P. aquatica Genov, Vasileva et Georgiev, 1996. We cannot answer this question because we could not examine available material. Nor can we perform a comparison of that material with the species P. genovi sp. n. The species P. genovi n. sp. is also related to the species Aprostatandrya macro cephala (Douthitt, 1915). We as well as Tenora (1998) have stated that the situation of testes of the holotype A. macrocephala corresponds to the description and illustration presented by Douthitt (1915): "The testes are dorsal, extending nearly if not entirely across the median field, and into the lateral field on the side away from the genital pore. On the pore side of the field, they are confined to the region anterior to the ovary, on the opposite side they are slightly more posterior than anterior". Testes do not extend fully across the lateral excretory canals in the aporal part of the segment (cf. Douthitt 1915, Plate I, Fig. 9). By these features and also by the fact that the external seminal vesicle of the species A macrocephala (Douthitt, 1915) is not provi ded by "prostatic" cells, this species differs from the species P. genovi sp. n. The species E genovi n. sp. also differs clearly from the description of Paranoplo cephala macrocephala (Douthitt, 1915) sensu Genov et al., 1996 nec Douthitt, 1915 by the situation of testes. Genov et al. (1996) studied syntypes of the species P. macrocep hala (USNPC 49517) which, of course, do not correspond to the original description of A. macrocephala (Douthitt, 1915) (cf. Douthitt, 1915 versus Genov et al. 1996). Genov et al. (1996) were aware of this fact, stating: "There is an important difference in pattern oLtestes distribution. We did not observe testes situated anteriorly to the ovary in the syntypes studied, as described and illustrated by Douthitt (1915)" (see Fig. 9 in Douthitt 1915). We, as well as Tenora (1998), assume that the material redescribed and illustrated by Genov et al. (1996) under the name P. macrocephala (Douthitt, 1915) needs new assessments. New aspects of the systematics of Anoplocephalinae parasiti zing Rodentia have been discussed by various authors (Beveridge 1994; Gulyaev 1996; Gulyaev and Tchechulin 1996; Genov et al. 1996; Tenora 1998; Tenora et al. 1998), however, in the subfamily Anoplocephalinae the number of valid taxons on the generic level has not been determined in a satisfactory manner. These problems, of course, are beyond the scope of the present study.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We are grateful to Dr. J. R. Lichtenfels (US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville) for lending the specimens oiAndrya macrocephala (Douthitt, 1915) holotype. We also thank Prof. Dr. T. Genov (Central Laboratory of General Ecology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia) for depositing the paratypes of Paranoplocephala aquatica in the Hungarian Natural History Museum.
Gubányi A., Tenora F. És Murai É.: Pézsmapocokban (Ondatra zibethicus L.) élősködő Paranoplocephala genovi sp. n. (Cestoda, Anoplocephalidae) leírása A szerzők a tudományra nézve új galandféreg fajt írtak le Paranoplocephala genovi sp. n. néven pézsmapocokból (Ondatra zibethicus L.). Az új faj főbb jellemzői a következők: a herék több rétegben, főleg aporálisan helyezkednek el, néhány porálisan ill. anteriorálisan található; számuk 78 és 129 között változik; a cirruszsák körte alakú, nem éri el a kiválasztó vezetékeket; a cirrus apró tüskékkel fegyverzett; a vagina rövidebb mint a cirruszsák; a receptaculum seminis hosszú és nagy; az uterus az ivarérett ízekben a kiválasztó edények között és mögött bilaterálisán terül el. REFERENCES Beveridge, I . (1994): Family Anoplocephalidae Cholodkovsky, 1902. In: Khalil, Z. F, Jones, A., Bray, R. A. (Eds): Keys to the Cestode Parasites of Vertebrates. — C A B International, Wallingford, UK, pp. 315 -366. Douthitt, H. (1915): Studies on the Cestode Family Anoplocephalidae. Illinois Monogr. 3:1-97. Genov, T. (1964): Helminthofauna of Ondatra zibethica L. in Dobrudza (in Bulgarian). —Izv. Centn Helm. Lab. 9: 97-112. Genov, T. (1984): Helminths of Insectivorous Mammals and Rodents in Bulgaria. —Izv. Bulg. Akad. Nauk, Sofia, p. 348. Genov, T, Vasileva, G.P. and Georgiev, B.B. (1996): Paranoplocephala aquatica n. sp. (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) fiomArvicola terrestris and Ondatra zibethica (Rodentia) with descrip tions and comments on related species. —Syst. Parasitol. 34: 135-152. Gulyaev, Y. D. (1996): On a taxonomic separation of Anoplocephaloides spp. (Cestoda: Anoplo cephalidae) with the serial alternation of the genital apertures (in Russian). —Parasitologiya 30:263-269. Gulyaev, Y. D. and Tchechulin, A. I . (1996): Parandrya feodorovi gen. sp. n. - new Cestoda (Cyclophyllidea: Anoplocephalidae) homMicrotus of Sibiria. —Parazitologiya 2:132-140. Rausch, R. L. (1948): Notes on Cestodes of the genus Andrya Railliet, 1893 with the description A. ondatrae n. sp. (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae). —Trans. Am Microscop. Soc. 67:187-191. Rausch, R. L. (1976): The genera Paranoplocephala Lühe, 1910 and Anoplocephaloides Baer, 1923. — Ann. Parasit. Hum. Comp. 51: 513-562. Spassldi, A. A., Romanova, N. P. and Naydenova, N. V (1951): New data on the parasitic worms of Ondatra zibethica (L.) (in Russian). —Trudy Gelmintobg. Laboratorii AN SS SR. 5: 42-52. Tenora, F. and Murai, É. (1980): The geneizAnoplocephaloides and Paranoplocephala (Cestoda) parasites of Rodentia in Europe. — Acta zool. hung. 26:263 284. Tenora, F. (1998): Several Comments to the Systematic Status of Certain Genera from Anoplo cephalinae (Cestoda), Parasites of Rodentia and Lagomorpha. — Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 46:57-72. Tenora, R, Gubányi, A. and Murai, É. (1998): Paranoplocephala maseri n. sp. (Cestoda, Anoplocephalidae), a parasite of sagebrush voles Lemniscus curtatus (Rodentia) in the USA. — Syst. Parasitol. (in press).
