Bengkel Sedeqah House anjuran MARSAH
PELABURAN DANA SEDEKAH MENURUT PERSPEKTIF SYARIAH Oleh: Dr Asmadi Mohamed Naim Assoc. Prof Islamic Business School Universiti Utara Malaysia
[email protected]
Content Preamble
• Economic welfare • The Issues of (State )7 :الحشر اء ِم ْن ُكم أل َ ْغنِ َيin ين ا لَةً َبEconomy كون دُو َ An َ ََك ْي ال ي ِ Role •• The Role of anitIslamic State in Islamic in order that may not (merely) make a Economy circuit between the wealthy among you. •• The voluntary in for Islamic economythat the Al-Qurtubi RHsector said: as the purpose leaders, wealthy people and those who have power to divide among them ignoring the poor and misfortune people.
Content • Economic welfare • The revival of Islam observed the demand to • The IssuesIslam of State practice as aRole way in of An lifeEconomy and new Islamic • The Role ofapproach an Islamicwas State in of Islamic economic part the revisit Economy issue under this revival. •• The in Islamic economy Thisvoluntary effort wassector existed in the midst of two very influential of major economic orderscapitalism and socialism.
Content •• The wave ofwelfare the revival had pressured Muslim Economic dominant countries to reconsider their practices • The Issues ofinState Role intoAnthe Economy on economy accordance teaching of • Islam. The Role of an Islamic State in Islamic • The welfare economic and the role of state has Economy become the main focus in implementing the • The voluntary sector in Islamic economy system. • However, the lack of recent references and practical experiences on current Islamic economy system was decelerated the implementation.
Content The Issues of State Role in An Economy
•al-Mawardi Economic welfare (D450H) •• The task of government isRole to represent prophetic The Issues of State in An Economy administrative in protection of religion (Hirasat al-din) and (siyasat al-dunya). • governing The Roletheofworld an Islamic State in Islamic • al-Qalqashandi (D457H) also elaborated in depth the Economy of al-imamah (government) in Islamic responsibilities economy. he explained in detail their responsibilities such as • implementing The voluntary sector in Islamic economy the zakat collection, fay, ghanimah, jizyah, kharaj, hima land (public land) and al-irtifaq (public accommodation). • His works was also considered among the earlier works in fiscal economy and evidence of the great of Islamic civilization.
Content fiscal policy in Islamic state
•The Economic welfareof Faridi discussion were: main elements Islamic economy has been •i.The Issues of State Role in characterized An Economy as a three-sector economy, namely, • The Role of an Islamic State in Islamic a.the private sector, Economy b.the voluntary sector, and c.the public sector. • The voluntary sector in Islamic economy The three sectors working in conjunction, furnish the institutional framework of an Islamic state.
Content ii. Zakat provides the base of the fiscal system and defines scope of operation •itsEconomic welfarewithin the general institutional framework of the Islamic economy.
• The Issues of State Role in An Economy TheRole allocation, distribution and stabilization functions •iii. The of an Islamic State in Islamic of an Islamic economy are processed and implemented Economy through all these sectors jointly. • The voluntary sector in Islamic economy
iv. Public sector’s role is minimal but crucial in so far as it operates continuously to ensure an optimal allocation of community’s resources, rectifies sub-optimal distribution of income, and introduces an element of stability.
Upholding amanah THE VOLUNTARY SECTOR IN ISLAMIC ECONOMY • When discussing on government role in safe-guarding there two main divisions of amanah that • amanah, Two types ofare instruments must be alerted and uphold by them:
i. people compulsory responsibility, and i) Authorities (al-wilayat) ii. people voluntary responsibilities. Among the integral responsibility of leader is to appoint and to give • People compulsory responsibilities zakat, authority to those who are capable and qualifiedinclude to represent him in servicing the people fay`, kharaj, ghanimah and other specific commands from the state. ii) Assets (al-amwal) • People voluntary responsibilities consists of Assets arewaqaf the trustsand that must be protected by the leader which sadaqah, takaful. include government assets and inventories or people wealth as Islam recognized personal right to accumulate and generate wealth.
Content • Economic welfare • The Issues of StateThreats: Role in An Economy • The Role of an Islamic in Islamic Capitalism hijacksState the volunteerism Economy • The voluntary sector in Islamic economy
Content • Economic welfare • The Issues of State Role in An SECTOR EconomyTO BE ‘PROMOTING’ CORPORATE • TheMAIN Role of an Islamic State in Islamic PLAYERS IN VOLUNTARY SECTORS. Economy • The voluntary sector in Islamic economy
INVOLVEMENT OF CORPORATE IN VOLUNTARY SECTOR • •Sejak tahun 2006 sehingga 2009, jumlah manfaat Two types of instruments Fisabillah yang telah diterima oleh WANCorp berjumlah i.RM2,786,169.7450. corporate compulsory responsibility, and
ii. corporate voluntary responsibilities. • Manakala jumlah agihan manfaat yang telah diserahkan •kepada Corporate compulsory responsibilities include MAIJ berjumlah RM557,566.0051. taxes and CSR program to the community. • •Malahan, WanCorp telah mengendalikan perkhidmatan Corporate voluntary responsibilities consists kesihatan di 13 buah rangkaian Klinik Waqaf An-Nur of sadaqah andDialisis waqafdi 4 buah klinik dan sebuah (KWAN) dan Pusat hospital wakaf yang diuruskan oleh KPJ Healthcare Bhd
Content • • •
Economic welfare New paradigm The Issues of State Role in An Economy Corporate plays a State role asinsedekah The Role ofsector an Islamic Islamiccollector and distributor! Economy • The voluntary sector in Islamic economy SEDEKAH HOUSE
Content Bank as contributor or enabler • Economic welfare for charity institutions
• The Issues of State Role in An Economy • The Role of an Islamic State in Islamic Economy • The voluntary sector in Islamic economy New Role: Bank as a collector, manager and distributor
Content PRO AND CONS: • Economic welfare BANK AS COLLECTOR, MANAGER AND DISTRIBUTOR
• • •
The Issues of State Role in An Economy The Role of an Islamic State in Islamic Economy Pros The voluntary sector in Islamic economy 1. Many branches 2. 3.
Efficient online system Very safe fund management
Content Cons Economic welfare The Issues of State Role in An Economy 1.Banking sector is profit oriented. The Rolemanagement of an Islamic fee State in Islamic 2.High Economy 3.Fund is tag to certain duration • The voluntary in sedekah Islamic economy 4.Bank is not sector a tested distributor 5.No incentive to act as enabler for charity body as bank has its own sedekah house • • •
Content Typical problem in zakat and sedekah distribution
• Economic welfare • The Issues of State Role in An Economy • The Role of an Islamic State in Islamic Economy No KPI on distribution! • The voluntary sector in Islamic economy New Banking Role!
Question: Does bank willing to “masuk keluar kampung” to search for the unfortunate people?
Content • Economic welfare • The Issues of State Role in An Economy • TheMODELRole of an Islamic BADAN State in Islamic MODEL SEDEKAH Economy • The voluntary sector in Islamic economy
Content MODEL PERTAMA BADAN KEBAJIKAN
• Economic welfare • The Issues of State Role in An Economy • The Role of an Islamic State in Islamic Economy Jutawan/ Yayasan/ Badan Kebajikan korporat • menubuhkan The voluntary sector in Islamic economy
$
yayasan
Penerima manfaat
Content MODEL KEDUA BADAN KEBAJIKAN MEMOHON BANTUAN MASYARAKAT UNTUK AKTIVITI BADAN KEBAJIKAN/NGO
• Economic welfare • The Issues of State Role in An Economy •YAYASAN/ The BADAN RoleKEBAJIKAN of an Islamic State in Islamic DITUBUHKAN OLEH INDIVIDU ATAU INDIVIDU/KORPORAT/MASYARAKAT Economy KUMPULAN • The voluntary sector in Islamic economy
$ Aktiviti-aktiviti / Penerima manfaat
Content MODEL KETIGA BADAN KEBAJIKAN INDIVIDU/KORPORAT/ • Economic welfare MASYARAKAT • The Issues of State Role in An Economy • The Role of an Islamic State in Islamic Economy PENGURUS DANA SEDEKAH • The voluntary sector in HOUSE Islamic economy
Penerima sedekah
Content • Economic Takyif welfare fiqhi utk model ketiga Wakalah/ • The Issues of State Role in An Economy agency Penyumbang • The Role of an Islamic State in Islamic Bank adalah Economy wakil kepada • The voluntary sector in Islamic economy penyumbang
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Sedekah House
untuk mengurus dan memberi sedekah kepada yang layak
Content •ISU-ISU: Economic welfare •1.The Issues of State in Anupah Economy Layakkan sedekah house Role memotong pengurusan? dinyatakan kepada penyumbang bank akan kenakan •Tidak The Role of an Islamic State in Islamic yuran pengurusan (bertentangan dengan konsep wakalah)! Economy Bolehkan dilabur? sector in Islamic economy •2.The voluntary
Maqasid Syariah pada sedekah- segera sampai kepada yang memerlukan Lebihan dibenarkan sekiranya tidak melambatkan sumbangan kepada yang memerlukan
Content • • •
Economic welfare 3. Berhakkah pengurus berkongsi keuntungan The Issues State Role in An Economy dengan DanaofSedekah? Model adalah pengurus atau wakil, The Roleke of3:anBank Islamic State in Islamic dana adalah milik penyumbang. Semua Economy keuntungan milik penyumbang. • The voluntary sector in Islamic economy 4. Siapa penerima? Tidak terikat kepada asnaf zakat- Boleh diberi kepada badan-badan kebajikan, masjid-masjid
Content KELONGGARAN SYARAK UNTUK ISU-ISU TABARRU’AT Kaedah fiqh: • Economic welfare • The Issues of State Role An Economy األصول يغتفر في ما الin الفروع يغتفر في • The Role of an Islamic State in Islamic Fatwa pengurus dana boleh ambil keperluan/gaji Economy pengurusan badan kebajikan sekadar keperluan walau tanpa menyatakan kepada penyumbang. • The voluntary sector in Islamic economy
maslahah (memenuhi maslahah menguruskan sebuah badan kebajikan)
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Siapa pantau?
Content CADANGAN
•1. Economic welfare Sedekah House di bawah kerangka CSR (tanpa mengambil upah/offee) • sebarang The Issues State Role in An Economy 2. Bank bekerja sama dengan majlis-majlis agama untuk • The Role ofSedekah an Islamic Islamic menguruskan House State (juga diin bawah kerangka CSR: tanpa unsur keuntungan terhadap pengurusan mahupun Economy pelaburan). • The voluntary sector in Islamic economy Apa keuntungan bank dapat? Bank mendapatkan kecairan
Content • Economic welfare • The Issues of State Role in An Economy • The Role of an Islamic State in Islamic Economy Terima Kasih • The voluntary sector Q &inAIslamic economy
