May 3, 1982 - 6-propyl-2-thiouracil abolished the ethanol-induced increase in liver respiration and diminished the tissue damage produced by hypoxia (3).
Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA
Vol. 79, pp. 5415-5419, September 1982 Medical Sciences
Periportal and pericentral pyridine nucleotide fluorescence from the surface of the perfused liver: Evaluation of the hypothesis that chronic treatment with ethanol produces pericentral hypoxia (lobular oxygen gradient/ethanol toxicity/liver injury/tissue oxygen tension/tissue NADH fluorescence)
SUNGCHUL JI*t, JOHN J. LEMASTERSt, VICKIE CHRISTENSON*, AND RONALD G. THURMAN* Departments of *Pharmacology and tAnatomy, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
Communicated by Britton Chance, May 3, 1982
ABSTRACT Pyridine nucleotide fluorescence made from the surface of the hemoglobin-free perfused rat liver was measured continuously by using a "micro-light guide" placed on selected periportal and pericentral regions of the liver lobule. From the portal oxygen tension at which pyridine nucleotide reduction first occurred in pericentral regions, the oxygen gradient across the liver lobule was estimated in livers from rats treated chronically with ethanol or sucrose. Chronic treatment with ethanol increased the average lobular oxygen gradient from 275 to 400 torr (1 torr = 133 Pa), primarily due to the increase in the oxygen gradient in pericentral regions. Ethanol treatment also increased hepatic oxygen uptake significantly, from 110 to 144 (Iumol/g)/hr. Treatment with the antithyroid drug 6-propyl-2-thiouracil reversed the effect of ethanol on 02 uptake and on the lobular oxygen gradient. The oxygen gradients measured with the micro-light guide were confirmed by direct measurement oftissue oxygen tensions in periportal and pericentral areas by using an oxygen electrode. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that chronic treatment with ethanol causes the pericentral region of the liver lobule to become susceptible to hypoxic cellular injury. This may be responsible, at least in part, for the localized hepatotoxic effects of ethanol.
Ethanol-induced liver damage is often confined to the pericentral region of the liver lobule (1-3). Israel et al. (3) have postulated that ethanol-induced pericentral necrosis results from an accentuated gradient of decreasing oxygen tension from the portal to the central venous end of the sinusoid leading to pericentral hypoxia. This hypothesis is based on the observations that ethanol treatment increased the rate of oxygen uptake in liver slices (4-6) and perfused liver (7, 8). In support of this postulate, Israel et aL (3) demonstrated that, after brief exposure to hypoxia, pericentral necrosis was greater in ethanol-treated rats than in controls. Treatment of rats with the antithyroid drug 6-propyl-2-thiouracil abolished the ethanol-induced increase in liver respiration and diminished the tissue damage produced by hypoxia (3). We have used a "micro-light guide" fluorometric technique (9-12) to test this hypothesis directly. This technique allows continuous measurement of pyridine nucleotide fluorescence from the periportal or pericentral regions of the perfused liver. Chance and co-workers (13, 14) have shown that tissue pyridine nucleotide fluorescence can be used to monitor intracellular oxygen tension indirectly because pyridine nucleotide fluorescence increases when tissue oxygen tension falls below the level (
