G. Arfken and H. Weber, Mathematical Methods, Chapter 7. Problem 1: ...
Solution: this problem can be done with a direct application of residue theorem
with a ...
PHY7110. Solutions to HW 4 Since I’m away this week, the solutions would be brief. Please e-mail me if you have a question and would like a more detailed answer.
Suggested reading: G. Arfken and H. Weber, Mathematical Methods, Chapter 7.
Problem 1: Integrals (A&W, 7.1.8-9) (a) Show that Z
π
0
πa dθ = 2 , 2 (a + cos θ) (a − 1)3/2
a > 1.
(1)
Solution: this problem can be done with a direct application of residue theorem with a variable substitution z = exp(iθ). Then dθ = (−i/z)dz and cos θ = (z 2 + 1)/(2z). The contour integral is over the unit circle in the complex z−plane. Note that the integrand is even, so se can calculate the same integral from 0 to 2π and divide it by two. Then, the contour integral is I I X zdz zdz = −2i = 2πi Res[f (zi )], IC = −2i 2 2 2 2 C (z − z1 ) (z − z2 ) C (z + 2az + 1) i where z1,2 = −a ±
p (a + 1)(a − 1).
p and f (z) in the integrand function. Note that |z2 | = −a− (a + 1)(a − 1) > 1 for a > 1, so it lies outside of the integration contour (unit circle). Thus, we only need to compute a residue of the order-two pole at z = z1 . Calculating it gives the result that we were supposed to prove. (b) Show that Z 0
2π
dθ 2π = , 1 − 2a cos θ + a2 1 − a2 1
|a| < 1.
(2)
What happens if |a| > 1? What happens if |a| = 1? Solution: do the substitutions 1 − a2 = α and 2a = β in the denominator to reduce the integral to the integral Z 2π dθ I= a + b cos θ 0 done in class. The result follows. If |a| > 1 the integral equals to 2π/(α2 −1). For a = −1 there are singularities for θ = 0 and 2π. For a = 1 there is singularity at θ = π. In both cases the integral does not exist.
Problem 2: More integrals (A&W, 7.1.14) (a) Show that (a > 0) Z
−∞
∞
π cos xdx = e−a . 2 2 x +a a
(3)
How is the right side modified if cos x is replaced with cos kx? (b) Show that (a > 0) Z
−∞
∞
x sin xdx = πe−a . 2 2 x +a
How is the right side modified if sin x is replaced with sin kx Solution: problem 2 was done in class.
