Planktic blue-green algae

Planktic blue-green algae (Chroococcales)

33

structured mucilage. Our specimens correspond exactly to the description by SKUJA (1964) who found the alga in the bottom mud oflakes near the Abisko Tourist Station, North Sweden. In the shallow and turbulent lakes Börringesjön and Ellestasjön, Gloeothece subtilis possibly lives on the sediment and facultatively in the plankton.

(Pl. IV/6; XI/5, 7)

Lemmermanniella pallida (LEMM.) GEITL. 1942

Syn.: Coelosphaefium pallidum LEMM. 1898 DF: Cells small, oval to rod-like, 1-2.2-5.4 x 0.4-0.5 j.im distributed in the periphe,

ral zone of the spherical colonies, division only perpendicular to the long axis, but cells change position soon after division. Mucilage fine, but with distinct margin, colourless. Colonies 20-80 pm in diam. C: Komiaucoviti & CRONBERG (1985) published a complementary description ofLemmennanniella pallida from the lake Börringesjön. It was found in several of the lakes investigated here (Table 5). This characteristic alga has been recorded only from northern Germany, Russia and Sweden. HINDÁK (1985) found two new species of this genus in small ponds and in the river Danube.

Merismopedia glauca (EHRENB.) KOTZ. 1845 9 -

(Pl. 1/8; X1 1 3, 4)

DF: Regular plate-like, multi-celled colonies with cells in perpendicular rows. Cells spherical to oval in shape, hemispherical (after division), 4.2-5 x 3-3.5 pm, without aerotopes: division in two perpendicular planes. Mucilage fine, colour-

less, diffuse. C: This species grows mainly in the metaphyton of the littoral zone of the lakes. It occurs only occasionally in plankton, but frequently in shallow lakes and mesotrophic ponds.

Merismopedia marssoniť LEMM. 1900

(Pl. 1/6; X1/6)

DF: Colonies regular, plate-like, multi-celled, free-floating, composed of groups of 2-4 cells. Cells slightly elongated to hemispherical, 1.3-2.8 pm in diam., with aerotopes; division in two planes perpendicular to each other.

C: The pattern of colonies is typical. Cells are elongated, and appear somewhat angular. The alga was found in the lake Häckebergasjön forming flat colonies in which the cells were almost black because oflarge numbers of aerotopes. M. marssonii differs from M. tenuissima in possessing aerotopes, but lacking individual mucilaginous sheaths around the cells. Common in northern temperate areas, but rare in Central Europe. Merismopedia tenuissima LEMM. 1898

(Pl. 1/7)

DF: Colonies free-floating, flat, sometimes slightly bent or rolled, 16-100 celled. Cells small, 1.3-2 pm, in groups of 2-4, pale blue-green, with more or less visible individual mucilaginous sheaths around the cells, without aerotopes.

C: Merismopedia tenu řssima was rare in the lakes studied here. However, in Swedish lakes it sometimes appears in great numbers. Our specimens occurred without any distinct sheath around the cells and the cells were smaller than in the original description.

J.

34

KOMÁRKOVÁ-LEGNEROVA

0

CD

and G.

CRONBERG

00

(15k'

1

00

.. 0. 2s 0. 069. 0 ee coc0

G,0

po 0 0

00

CS)

00

e

0 00

0°W:96) 0000 G (4,

Op •

/

......

2

4

0

08

CD MO ua: co Plate V 1 - Microcystřs řchthyoblabe; 2 - Microcystis aeruginosa; 3 - Microcystis flos-aquae; 4 - Microcystis holsatira.

Microcystis aeruginosa (KüTz.) KÜTZ. 1846 Syn: Diplocystis aeruginosa (KÜTZ.) TREVIS. 1848.

(Pl. V/2; XEI/2)

Clathrocystis aeruginosa (KÜTZ.) HENFR. 1856. DF: Large, irregular colonies with many irregularly gathered cells, situated in a fine, colourless and diffuse mucilage. Cells spherical, 3.5-5-(6.2) pm in diam., with aerotopes; division in three perpendicular planes with a return development


35

to the original spherical shape before the next succeeding division. Cells gathered in a dense group in the young colonies but later becoming loosely spread within the whole colony. C: Common species with cosmopolitan distribution, forming water blooms in eutrophic lakes and reservoirs.

Microcystis .flos aquae (WITTR.) KIRCHN. 1898 -

(Pl. V/3; XII/1)

Syn. : Polycystis flos-aquae WITTR. in WITTR. et NORDST. 1879 Diplocystis aeruginosa f. flos-aquae (WITTR.) ELENK. 1938.

DF: Cells spherical, 3-4.2-4.8 pm, with aerotopes; densely packed in spherical to irregularly formed colonies with only a thin surface layer of mucilage. C: It differs from Microcystis aeruginosa by its smaller cell dimensions and more compact colonies without holes in the later stages of development. For along time M. j o s- aquae was regarded as a form or developing stage of M. aeruginosa. However, allozyme analysis indicated that M. flos-aquae is a separate species (KATo et al. 1991).

Microcystis holsatica (LEMM.) LEMM. 1907

(Pl. V/4; XIII/5-8)

Syn. : Clathrocystis holsatica LEMM. 1903.

DF: Colonies free-floating, spherical or cloud-like with holes, embedded in clearly visible mucilage. Cells spherical, about 1 pm in diam., pale blue-green, without aerotopes. C: The alga appears in eutrophic and polluted waters. Our specimens were almost in agreement with the description of M. holsatica (LEMM.) LEMM., lacking only the clearly visible mucilage. M holsatica observed by NYGAARD (1949) had large cloud-like colonies with invisible mucilage, but our alga had smaller colonies. It clearly differs from Microcystis incerta LEMM. by having cells less densely packed and more widely spread out within the colonies. The margin of the colony in M. ho/sat/ca is not as firm as in M. incerta. It occurred in lakes Börringesjön and Vombsjön and was quite common there.

Microcystis ichthyoblabe KÜTZ. 1845-9

(Pl. V/1; XII/3-8)

DF: Cells spherical, 2-2.6-3.2 pm in diam., with small aerotopes, gathered in groups inside the colonies. Mucilage colourless, fine, diffluent, forming a margin around the groups of cells. Older groups of cells become separate and the cells spread in the diffluent mucilage. C: Our population corresponds ot TEILING'S description (1942). The cells are distinctly smaller compared to M. aeruginosa, with aerotopes and the colonies measure up to 200 pm in diameter. Microcystis ichthyoblabe is a clearly distinct species and frequent in Swedish lakes but it has not been recognized by most phycologists (KomikREK 1958). Until now M. ichthyoblabe has not been recorded from central Europe. Microcystis viridis (A. BR.) LEMM. 1903

(Pl. XIII/2).

Syn. : Diplocystis viridis (A. BR. in RABENH.) KOMÁREK 1958

DF: Large colonies are composed of small, packet-like colonies with irregular groups of cells. Cells spherical, 4-7.5 pm in diam., with aerotopes; mode of

36

J.

KOMÁRKOVÁ-LEGNEROVÁ

and G.

CRONBERG

Plate VI 1 Aphanocapsa delicatissima young colony; 2 (a) Aphanocapsa delicatissima, (b) Á. conferta, (c) Microcystis sp.; 3-5 Aphanothece smithii spec. nova - Fig. 3. Mucilage stained with methylene-blue, 6 - Aphanothece stagnina. [Scale bars 10 pm] -

-

-

-

division the same as for Microcystis aeruginosa. Mucilaginous envelopes surrounding the colonies are fine, colourless, with visible margin outline of the cell groups. C: Our populations corresponded with M. viridis with respect to the size of the cells (5-6-8 pm in diam.) and form of colonies,but the mucilaginous envelopes were not well developed and only visible when stained or phase contrast is used.


37

Plate VII 1, 6 - Aphanothece minutissima nov. comb. - Fig. 1. Stained with Indian ink; Fig. 6. Phase contrast; 2, 5 - Aphanothece bachmanni ř sp. nov. Cells laid in one plane. Fig. 2. Phase contrast. 3, 7 Cyanodicvon tubiforme - phase contrast; 4 Aphanothece endophytica - stained with methylene-blue. [Scale bars 10 pm] -

-

Microcystis wesenbergii (Kom.) Kom. in KONDR. 1968

Syn.: Microcystis flos-aquae (WITTR.) KIRCHN. sensu BACHMANN 1907 Polycystis aeruginosa KÜTZ. sensu WESENBERG-LUND 1904. ? Coelosphaeriuni dubium GRUN. in RABENH. 1865.

(Pl. XIII/1, 3-4)

J.


and G. CRONBERG

oictS ,

Plate VIII 1-2 - Chroococcus limneticus - methylene-blue stained; 3 - Chroococcus minutus; 4, 7 10 Chroococcus distans nov. comb.; 5-6 - Chroococcus dispersus. [Scale bars 10 pm] -

DF: Cells spherical, 4.5-6.5-7 pm in diam. with aerotopes, forming inside irregular, sack-like colonies which have lobes and holes. Mucilage fine, colourless and with clearly marked margin. C: The colonies can be more or less densely packed with cells appearing in one to several layers. Common in eutrophic lakes, sometimes forming water blooms, cosmopolitan. (Pl. IV/3, XI/1, 2) Radiocystis geminata SKUJA 1948 DF: Free-floating, spherical colonies 20-70 x 20-100 pm in diameter. Cells spherical to slightly oval, 1.7-2.6 pm long and 2.5-2.8 pm wide, pale blue-green with


39

aerotopes, often forming pairs. Cells arranged in more or less regular rows radiating from the centre of the colony.

C: Radiocystis geminata can be misidentified as an Aphanocapsa or Aphanothece, but it has much smaller colonies than these genera, sometimes composed of several small subcolonies. In addition, the cells of the outer layer of the colony may loose their position in the colony pattern, what makes the identification difficult. However, the pairs situated along the radial lines are always characteristic of this genus. R. geminata appeared in association with species of Aphanocapsa and Aphanothece in the lakes Ellestasjön and Vombsjön. Its morphology agreed well with that of the type (Sicum 1948); cell dimensions 2.6-2.8 x3.0 pm, and colonies 50-804100) pm. Rhabdoderma lineare SCHMIDLE et LAUTERB. in SCHMIDLE 1900

(Pl. 11115) DF: Cells long, cylindrical, straight or slightly bent, 6-10 x 2 pm, blue-green, embedded in a more or less invisible mucilage. The small colonies are flat with cells lying in one layer. Longer rows of cells turn into semicircles. Planktic in standing waters. C: This alga was found in several of the lakes amongst other algae, but never in great quanti-

ties. The size of the cells was in agreement with the original description. Snowella lacustris (Clio))) Kom. et HIND. 1988

(Pl. IV/10; XIV/7)

Syn.: Gomphosphaeria lacustris CHOD. 1898. DF: Colonies more or less spherical, about 80 pm in diameter. Cells obovoid, 2-4 x 1.5-3.5 pm, pale blue-green, without aerotopes, mostly distant from each other,

connected with mucilaginous stalks radiating from the centre of the colonies. C: Common in the lakes, often occurring with Snowella litoralis, Woronichinia compacta and W. naegeliana.

Snowella litoralis (HÄYRÉN) Kom. et HIND. 1988

(Pl. IV/11; XIV/8).

Syn. : Gomphosphaeria litoralis HÄYRÉN 1921.

DF: Colonies small, free-floating, 20-40 pm in diameter. Cells spherical, after division hemispherical, remaining in pairs for some time, without aerotopes; cells 1.5-2.3-2.5 pm in diam., distant from each other, situated at the periphery of the

colony at the apical end of thin, thread-like, usually visible stalks. C: The species was found in several lakes and it corresponded well with the description of HÄYRÉN (1921). The difference between the two species representing Snowella is well defined. S. litoralis has spherical cells while S. lacustris has elongated, obovoid cells.

(Pl. I1/4) DF: Cells rod-like, 1.5-8.5 x 0.4-1.3 pm, solitary or in small groups of cells, sometimes with very fine, loose and diffluent mucilage, cylindrical with rounded ends, pale blue-green or greyish. C: Our material corresponds to the original description, cell dimensions 3-4.8 x 1.2-1.6 pm. Synechococcus nidulans (PR1NGsH.) Kom. in BOURR. 1970

S. nidulans occurred in the picoplankton of lake Börringesjön.

J. KOMÁRKOVÁ-LEGNEROVÁ and G. CRONBERG

40

•

OE■rm .

t-4

Plate IX 1-2 - Chroococcus aphanocapsořdes Fig. 1. Young colonies, phase contrast; 3 - 6 - Chroococcus microscopicus, spec. nova; '7 - 8 Gloeothece subtilis; 5, 7 - 8 - Methylene blue stained. [Scale bars 10 pm] -

-

Woronichinia compacta (LEmm.) Kom. et HIND. 1988

(Pl. 1V19; XTV/5)

Syn.: Gomphosphaeria lacustris var. compacta LEMM. 1899 Gomphosphaeria compacta (LEMM.) STRÖM 1923

DF: Cells obovoid, 4-4.5-6 x 1.5-2-3.6 pm, pale blue-green or greyish, without aerotopes; densely gathered and radially orientated in the periphery of spherical or slightly irregular colonies. Colonies up to 80 pm in diam., with a system of unbranched mucilaginous stalks radiating from the centre.


41

Plate X 1 - Cyanodico,on impeifectum; 2-3 - Cyanodictyon tub řforme; 4, 8 - Cyanodiciyon retřculatum sensu HICKEL = C. planctonicum; 5 - (a) Cyanodictyon impeifectum, (b) C. filiforme; 6-7 - Cyanodictyonfiliforme. - In Fig. 6 are iron precipitations visible between cells (arrows); 9 - Cyanodictyon reticulatum; 3, 5 - Methylene-blue stained, Fig. 4. Phase contrast. [Scale bars 10 pm]

C: Woronichinia compacta is a characteristic species known from northern temperate lakes (Skandinavia, Finland, Northern Germany, Northern Russia, Poland). It also occurs in shallow bays of the Baltic Sea. Drawings were published by KOSINSKAJA (in HOLLERBACH et al. 1953, Figs 70/3). The specimens published under this name by KOMÁREK (1958, Tab. 9; 1-3) from pools with water plants in Czech Republic, belong to W. ruzickae Kom. et HIND.

J. KOMÁRKOVÁ-LEGNEROVis. and G. CRONBERG

42

Plate XI 1 2 Radiocystis geminata. Fig. 2. Old colony; 6 Merismopedia marssonii; 3, 4 Merismopedia glauca. - Fig. 3. Methylene blue stained; 5, 7 Lemmermanniella pallida. [Scale bars 10 pm, Fi] -

-

-

-

-

-

Woronichinia naegeliana (UNGER) ELENK. 1933

(Pl. IV/8, XIV/2, 4, 9)

Syn.: Gomphosphaeria naegeliana (UNGER) LEMM. 1907

DF: Cells oval to obovoid, 3-4-6.5 x 2.5-3.6 pm, pale blue-green, with aerotopes, densely gathered and radially orientated in the periphery of spherical, oval or slightly irregular colonies. Colonies up to 80 pm large with a system of thick mucilaginous stalks in the centre.


43

Plate XII 1 - Microcystis flos-aquae; 2 Microcystis aeruginosa with endoglocic trichomes of Pseudanabaena mucřcola; 3-8 - Microcystis ichthyoblabe. [Scale bars 10 um] -

C: The cells often contain a large number of aerotopes which give the cells a brownish

colour. In our material they were very large, ellipsoid, sometimes consisting of several subcolonies. Single cells become free in older colonies and move to the peripheral mucilaginous layer where they become detached. Common planktic species in slightly eutrophic ponds and lakes, occasionally producing water blooms, Cosmopolitan.

J. KOMÁRKOVÁ-LEGNEROVA and G. CRONBERG

44

Plate XIII 1, 3 4 Microcystřs wesenbergiř; 2 Mřcrocystis viridis; 5 8 -

-

-

-

-

Microcystis holsatica; 4, 5 7 -

-

Phase contrast. [Scale bars 10 pm]

Acknowledgement We are very grateful to Dr. JIM KOMAREK, Institute of Botany, Třeboři, Czech Republik, for his valuable comments to this manuscript and for his encouragement when we were trying to solve nomenclatural and taxonomic problems. Dr. TYGE CHRISTENSEN, Botanical Institute, University of Copenhagen, kindly translated the diagnoses into Latin, and MICHELE GOLD, University of Mexico, made the last corrections of the English text.


45

Plate XIV 1, 3 - Cyanothamnos plancticus Fig. 1. NOMARSKI contrast; 2, 4, 9 - Woronichinia naegeliana;5 Woronichinia compacta; 6 Cyanonephron sodoides phase contrast showing the stalks; 7 - Snowella lacustris; 8 - Snowella litoralis Phase contrast. [Scale bars 10 pm] -

-

-

-

-

We also thank Dr. GUNNAR ANDERSSON, Institute of Limnology, who has collected several of the plankton samples and provided us with chemical data of the lakes. Prof. SVEN BJÖRK, Institute of Limnology, University ofLund, supported the first visit of Dr. KomARKovik to Sweden. The Swedish Institute and the Swedish Royal Academy kindly financed the cooperation between the Limnological Institute in Lund and the Institute of Botany, Třeboti, and travels for the authors. The elaboration of the manuscript was supported from the Grant No. 605 112 (Grant Agency ASCR).

46

J.


and G.

CRONBERG

Table 6. Characteristic features of Aphanocapsa species recorded in this investigation. Aphanocapsa

Cell size [pm]

Colonies, shape size [pm]

Comments

delicatissima

0.5-1

spherical or oval, 14-30 x 15-50 spherical or oval 73-52 spherical or oval, oval, < 200

without aerotopes, cells regularly located without aerotopes, sometimes groups of two facultatively with aerotopes, large cells

conferta comb. nova 1.6-2

3.5-5

pulchra

Table 7 . Characteristic features of the Aphanothece species recorded in this investigation. Aphanothece

Cell size [pm]

Colonies, shape size [pm]

Comments

bachmannii

1-1.5 x 0.8-1

irregular clathrate < 200 irregular clathrate < 200

one layer of cells, which are elongated, rod-like ± flat colonies elongated rod-like cells endogloeic in other cyanophyte colonies ellipsoidal cells

sp. nova 2.5-3.5-4 X 0.5-0.7-1 (1.5)-2.5-4.5 X 0.8-1 1-(2) x 0.8

clathrata endophytica

comb. nova minutřssima

comb. nova smith ři sp. nova

1.8-2.2-3.5 X 1-1.2-1.5 5-8 x 3-6.5

stagnina

cloud-like irregular < 100 ellipsoidal ± elongated < 200 spherical or ellipsoidal, 100-200

solid mucilage solid mucilage

Table 8. Characteristic features of the Chroococcus species recorded in this investigation. Chroococcus

Cell size [pm]

aphanocapsořdes

1.1-2

Sheath Colonies, around shape, size [pm] cells ±

dispersus

3-4.5

distans

4.5-7.5 —

(±)

comb. nova limneticus

6-7.5

microscopicus

0.7-1

(±)

sp. nova minutus

4-7-(10) +

sometimes large > 100, firm mucilage large, mucilage of differ. consist. large solid mucilage when young, later diffluent ± large colonies, > 100, structures stainable with methylene-blue colonies up to 100 pm, irregular solitary or 4-6 cells together, but no large colonies

Comments

groups of cells

distant from each other in older colonies solitary cells are distant from each other

very minute cells of hemispherical shape characteristic sheaths of cells


47

Table 9. Characteristic features of the all known Cyanodřctyon species. Cyanodictyon

Cell size

Cell form

Comments

endophytkum filiforme sp. nova

0.5-141.5) 1.5-2.1-2.4 X 0.2-0.5

spherical rod-like

impetfectum

0.4-0.8-1.0

spherical

planctonřcum

0.5 x 0.8-1 1-1.5 2.2-3-3.8 X 1.9-2-2.2

ellipsoid spherical spherical to short rod-like

In mucilage of other algae cells in pairs, short filaments, loose bundle-like colonies cells in pairs, short filaments, colony-forming, Fe-incrustations net-like colonies net-like colonies cells irregularly arranged in rows, long filaments up to densely packed colonies

reticulatum tubiforme

Table 10. Characteristic features of the Microcystis species recorded in this investigation. Microcystis

Cell size

Aero- Mucilage topes

Colonies size, shape

Comments

[pm] aeruginosa

3.5-5-(6.2)

+

diffluent

flos - aquae

(3) - 4.2 - 4.8

±

very narrow, diffluent

large, cells in old colonies loosely spread with densely arranged cells

frequent, forms monospecific blooms often associated with

holsatica

0.8 - 1 - 1.3

ichthyoblabe

2 - 2.6 - 3.2

viridis

4 - 6 - 7.5

±

wesenbergii

4.5 - 6.5 - 7

±

M. aeruginosa

cloud like, irregular, cells randomly arranged wide, fine spherical, diffiuent ellipsoidal, composed of smaller colonies well-defined small packetlimits, waved like sub± refractive colonies well defined ellipsoidal to limits, irregular, smooth, sack-like distinctly refractive diffluent

-

-

mixed with other blue-green algae uncommon

occurs often with other Microcystis species sometimes forms monospecific water-blooms

J.

48


and G.

CRONBERG

References ANAGNOSTIDIS, K. & KOMÁREK, J. (1988): Modern approach to the classification system of cyanophytes 3 - Oscillatoriales. - In: ANAGNOSTIDIS, K.; GoLumt, S.; KOMAREK, J. & LHOTSKÝ, O. (Eds.): Cyanophyta (Cyanobacteria), morphology, taxonomy, ecology. Proc. 10th Symp. of IAC, Greece (Hellas) 1986. - Arch. Hydrobiol./Suppl. 80, Algological Studies 50/53: 327-472. ANDERSSON, G. (1980): Längtidsmässiga vattenkemiska förändringar i nagra svenska sjöregioner. (Longterm changes in basic water chemistry in some Swedish lake regions). 169 pp., Limnologiska Institutionen, University of Lund, Sweden. BACHMANN, H. (1921): Beiträge zur Algenflora des Süsswassers von Westgrönland. - Mitt. Naturf. Ges. Luzern 8: 1-181. BACHMANN, H. (1923): Characterisierung der Planktonvegetation des Vierwaldstättersees mittels Netzfängen und Zentrifugenproben. - Verh. Naturf. Gesell. Basel 35: 148-167. BERTILSSON, J. (1972): Fytoplanktons kvantitativa och kvalitativa utveckling i Vombsjön 1971-1972. (The quantitative and qualitative development of phytoplankton in Lake Vombsjön 1971-1972) - 17 pp., Institute of Limnology, University of Lund, Sweden. BOURRELLY, P. (1970): Les algues d'eau douce. 3. Les algues bleues et rouges. - 512 pp.,

Paris. CHODAT, R. (1898): Études de biologie lacustre. - Bull. Herb. Boiss. 6: 155-188. CRONBERG, G. (1982): Phytoplankton changes in Lake Trummen induced by restoration. Folia Limnol. Scand. 18: 1-199. — (1988): Cyanodictyon tubiforme, a new chroococcal blue-green alga from Lake Börringesjön, South Scania, Sweden. - In: ANAGNOSTIDIS, K.; GOLUBI, S.; KOMÁREK, J. & LHOTSKÝ, O. (Eds.): Cyanophyta (Cyanobacteria), morphology, taxonomy, ecology. Proc. 10th Symp. of IAC, Greece (Hellas) 1986. - Arch. Hydrol./Suppl. 80, Algological studies 50/53: 191-194. — (1991): Cyanothamnos plancticus gen. et spec. nov. (Cyanophyta), a new colonial chroococcal blue-green alga from a eutrophic Scanian lake, Sweden. - In: HICKEL, B., ANAGNOSTIDIS, K. & KomÁREK, J. (Eds.): Proc. 11th Symp. of IAC, Plön (FRG), 1989. Cyanophyta/Cyanobacteria - Morphology, Taxonomy, Ecology. - Arch. Hydrobiol./ Suppl. 92, Algological Studies 64: 61-70. CRONBERG, G. & KomA.R.KovA, J. (1988): Anabaena farciminiformis, a new nostocacean bluegreen alga from Scania, South Sweden. - Arch. Hydrobiol./Suppl. 80, Algological Studies 50/53: 277-282. CRONBERG, G. & KomikmovA-LEGNERov.k, J. (In prep.): Planktic blue-green algae from lakes in South Scania, Sweden. Part II. Oscillatoriales and Nostocales. - Algological Stu-

dies. CRONBERG, G. & WEIBULL, C. (1981): Cyanodicvon impeifectum, a new chroococcal alga from Lake Trummen, Sweden. - Arch. Hydrobiol./Suppl. 60, Algological Studies 27: 101-110. DEARING, J. A.; HÁKANSSON, H.; LIEDBERG-JÖNSSON, B.; PERSSON, A.; SKANSJÖ, S.; WIDHOLM, E. & EL-DAOUSHY, F. (1987): Lake sediments used to quantify the erosional response to land use change in southern Sweden. - Oikos 50: 60-78. EcoNomou-Ammu, A. & SPARTINOU, M. (1991): The diversity of Cyanodicvon impeifectum (Chrnococcales, Cyanophyceae), in lake Amvrakia, Greece. -In: HICKEL, B.; ANAGNOSTIDIS, K. & KomAREK, J. (Eds.): Proc. 11th Symp. of IAC, Plön (FRG), 1989. - Cyanophyta/Cyanobacteria - Morphology, Taxonomy, Ecology. - Arch. Hydrobiol./Suppl. 92, Algological Studies 64: 105-114. ELENKIN, A. A. (1933): Ober neue Familien der Cyanophyceen aus der Gruppe der Stereometrae Elenk. der Ordnung der Chroococcales Geitler (1925). - Acta Inst. bot. Acad. Sci. URSS. Ser. 2, Crypt. 1: 23-34.


49

ELENKIN, A. A. (1938): Sinezelenye vodorosli SSSR, Special. Čast [Blue-green algae of the USSR. Special part.] 1 484 pp., Izd. AN Moskva - Leningrad. ENELL, M. (1985 a): De sydvästskänska sjöarna. Sedimentens sammansättning och funktion. (South-west Scanian lakes. The composition and function of the sediments). Länsstyrelsen i Malmöhus län, Naturvárdsenheten. Meddelande Nr. 1985 (1): 1-90. — (1985 b): De sydvästskánska sjöama.- Vattenkvalitetens förändring 1972-1983. (Southwest Scanian lakes. Changes in water quality 1972-1983). - Länststyrelsen i Malmöhus Naturvárdsenheten. Meddelande Nr. 1985 (3): 1-91. GAILLARD, M.-J. (1984): A palaeohydrological study of Krageholmssjön (Scania, South Sweden). Regional vegetation history and water-level changes. - LUNGQUA report 25: 1-40. GEITLER, L. (1925)— Cyanophyceae. - In: PASCHER, A. (ed.), Süsswasser-Flora Mitteleuropas 12: 1-450. — (1932): Cyanophyceae. - In: RABENHORST'S ICryptogamen-Flora. - Fl. 14, 1096 pp., -

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Manuscript received March, 26, 1993, accepted July, 1, 1993. The authors' addresses:

Dr.

JAROSLAVA KOMARKOVÁ-LEGNEROVik,

CSC.,

Institute of Hydrobiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na sádkách 7, CS-370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic. Dr. GERTRUD CRONBERG, Department of Ecology/Limnology, P.O. Box 65, 5-221 00 Lund, Sweden.