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Playing board games, cognitive decline and dementia: a French population-based cohort study Jean François Dartigues,1 Alexandra Foubert-Samier,1 Mélanie Le Goff,1 Mélanie Viltard,2 Hélène Amieva,1 Jean Marc Orgogozo,1 Pascale Barberger-Gateau,1 Catherine Helmer1
To cite: Dartigues JF, Foubert-Samier A, Le Goff M, et al. Playing board games, cognitive decline and dementia: a French population-based cohort study. BMJ Open 2013;3: e002998. doi:10.1136/ bmjopen-2013-002998 ▸ Prepublication history for this paper is available online. To view these files please visit the journal online (http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ bmjopen-2013-002998). Received 4 April 2013 Accepted 26 July 2013
1
INSERM U 897, Université Bordeaux Ségalen, Bordeaux cedex, France 2 IEEP, Institute for European Expertise in Physiology, Paris, France Correspondence to Dr Jean François Dartigues;
[email protected]
ABSTRACT Objectives: To study the relationship between board game playing and risk of subsequent dementia in the Paquid cohort. Design: A prospective population-based study. Setting: In the Bordeaux area in South Western France. Participants: 3675 non-demented participants at baseline. Primary outcome measure: The risk of dementia during the 20 years of follow-up. Results: Among 3675 non-demented participants at baseline, 32.2% reported regular board game playing. Eight-hundred and forty participants developed dementia during the 20 years of follow-up. The risk of dementia was 15% lower in board game players than in non-players (HR=0.85, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.99; p=0.04) after adjustment on age, gender, education and other confounders. The statistical significance disappeared after supplementary adjustment on baseline mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and depression (HR=0.96, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.12; p=0.61). However, board game players had less decline in their MMSE score during the follow-up of the cohort (β=0.011, p=0.03) and less incident depression than non-players (HR=0.84; 95% CI 0.72 to 0.98; p
