Pollution Control using Internet of Things (IoT). Himadri Nath Saha1, Supratim Auddy1, Avimita Chatterjee1, Subrata Pal1, Shivesh Pandey1, Rocky Singh1, ...
Pollution Control using Internet of Things (IoT) Himadri Nath Saha1, Supratim Auddy1, Avimita Chatterjee1, Subrata Pal1, Shivesh Pandey1, Rocky Singh1, Rakhee Singh1, Priyanshu Sharan1, Swarnadeep Banerjee1, Debmalya Ghosh1, Ankita Maity2 1
Deptt. Of Computer Science & Engineering 2
1
2
Deptt. Of Information Technology
Institute of Engineering & Management, Kolkata
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Kolkata
Abstract— the change of ecosystem and the surrounding atmosphere by different forms of pollutants (Chemicals and energies) are called environmental pollution. Pollution affects the climate most.. The issue of environmental pollution and climate change has become an international concern due to their affects to the physical and biological entities of the environment. In this paper, the main objective is to find the pollutants in nature with the help of the Internet of Things (IoT). The UVI-01 sensor is an ultraviolet light sensor. The UV Sensor outputs an analog signal of the amount of UV light it detects. The 2 in one Temperature and PH sensor is used to monitor the Quality of water, interns of monitoring the level of water, the temperature of the water and its surrounding, the turbidity of the water (how clean the water is) as well as the PH levels of the Water. Therefore, this system monitors all of these result and finally when all data are collected, it sends the information or data to the cloud. Keywords—Air Pollution; Pollution Control; Temperature and PH sensor;UV sensor; Water Pollution I.
INTRODUCTION
In our nature, Pollution is one of the biggest problem. It occurs because of impurities mix with the air, water, soil. To keep safe our nature, we need to keep track the pollution level of air, water Etc. When the pollution level cross the safe limits, we need to purify air, water, soil etc. As we, all know “Prevention is better than cure”, so we need to be alert before the pollution level cross safe limits. In this paper, we will show how to monitor the pollution level. In our paper, we will discuss about how to keep track of air pollution, water pollution and noise pollution. We will use Raspberry Pi and some sensors for this project. For air pollution control, we need to measure the air pressure, temperature, Ultra Violet radiation, Air quality, Smoke, Nitrogen Dioxide in air and Carbon Monoxide in air. We need BMP085- Pressure and temperature sensor, UVI-01 Ultra Violet Radiation sensor, LDR Light Dependent Resistor, TGS 2600 General Air Quality Sensor, MICS-2710 NO2 Concentration Sensor, MICS-5525 CO Concentration Sensor to measure the level of air pollution.
For water pollution control, we need to measure the ph, Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, Hardness, Ammonia, Nitrite and Nitrate of the water. Therefore, we need temperature sensor, Nitrate sensor, Dissolved Oxygen sensor, ph sensor. For noise pollution control, we need to measure the decibel. The normal human ear can detect sounds that range between 0 db and about 140 db. We will use Microphone amplifier breakout to measure the sound levels. The raspberry pi will be connected to a monitor. The monitor will display the instant results. If any result cross the safe levels, an alarm will alert the pollution control room. At the interval of 5 min, all the data will be uploaded to the cloud. The pollution control room will analysis the data to transform and remodel with a view to reach to a certain conclusion for a situation. Rest of the paper is organized as follows, Section II describes Related Works, Section III describes Air Pollution Monitoring System, Section IV describes Noise Pollution Monitoring System, Section V describes challenge for implementation and Section VII describes conclusion. II.
RELATED WORKS
In this cyber-physical area, different types of sensors act over wireless networks, assembling knowledge and delivering services to observe pollution associate integrated IoT design that mixes the functionalities of Service-Controlled Networking (SCN) with cloud computing. The ensuing community-driven huge knowledge platform helps environmental scientists simply discover and manage knowledge from varied sensors, and share their data and knowledge concerning pollution impacts.[1] Using empirical analysis, typical air automatic observation system has high exactitude, however giant bulk, high value create it not possible for large-scale installation. By exploitation IOT, this technique will cut back the hardware value as lower as before. The system is set go in an oversized variety in observation space to create observation device network. Besides the functions of automatic pollution observation system, it conjointly exhibits the operate of prediction development trend of pollution among an exact
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time vary by analyzing the info obtained by front-end perception system.[2] Recently, the globe Health Organization declared that harms human health due to pollution that square measure rising as threats to human health worldwide. Consistent with the, Seoul, 2011 according to a July 2014 - Public Facilities indoor air quality measurements, were examined to be in violation of indoor pollution standards in most multi-use facility. The measuring of indoor air quality by exploitation the atmosphere device, associatealyzing the measured knowledge to come up with an mechanism signal needed for ventilation and improve indoor air quality by implementing a observation system with period of time measuring, autonomously managing the air quality in our lives in order that it is.[3] However, despite the perceived advantages we tend to square measure realizing from these sensors, the dawn of the internet of Things (IoT) brings recent challenges. A number of these have to be compelled to do with coming up with the acceptable infrastructure to capture and store the large quantity of heterogeneous device knowledge, finding sensible use of the collected device knowledge, and managing IoT communities in such the simplest way that users will seamlessly search, find, and utilize their device knowledge.[4]
C. Bluetooth Module HC-06 In the projected system, we have a tendency to are using Bluetooth modem for sending the info to lpc2138 to mobile. These little sizeBluetooth TTL transceiver modules are designed for serial communication (SPP - interface profile). It allows Target device to send or receive TTL knowledge via Bluetooth technology while not connecting a serial cable to your Computer. The modules with the HC-06 computer code are the modules that are manufactory set to be Master or Slave Modules. Master and slave mode can not be switched from the manufactory setting. HC-06 may be a business gradeproduct.
Fig 1- Context Model III.
AIR POLLUTION MONITORING SYSTEM
A. Wireless sensor node A wireless sensor network is associate infrastructure consisting of computing, sensing and communication parts, Which permits the administrator to watch & control of the desired parameters within the network. Typical application of WSN includes knowledge assortment, monitoring, police work & medical telemedicine. It's conjointly utilized in irrigation system, Greenhouses for observation & controlling parameters like water flow, temp, humidity, moisture, etc B. Sensors Sensors are hardware devices that manufacture measurable response to a amendment in an exceedingly healthiness of pollution. The associatealog signal send by the sensors is digitized by an analog to digital device & send to controller for any Processing. There are differing kinds of detectors from that we are able to choose the acceptable} & appropriate sensor relying On the applying. Sensor 1 (CO detector):- The CO sensor senses the gas and communicates the info with microcontroller. Sensor 2 (N sensor):- The chemical element sensors sense the gas and communicate the info with microcontroller. Sensor 3 (smoke detector):- The smoke sensor senses the gas and communicates the info with microcontroller. Sensor 4 (temp detector):- The worker sensor senses the temperature and communicates the info with microcontroller.
D. Microcontroller unit Microcontroller like ARM (LPC2138) processes knowledge, performs tasks and management the practicality with different Components within the detector node. Arm Processor:-The ARM7 based mostly microcontrollers run on load-store reduced instruction set architecture with 32-bit registers and stuck op-code length. The design provides a linear 4GB memory ad-dress area. The ARM7 core is straightforward to use, cost-efficient, and support fashionable object-oriented programming techniques. E. World Positioning System GPS receivers are used for navigating, positioning, surveying, locating and determinant the time and are used each By non-public people and corporations. Throughout the event of the GPS system: (a) it's to supply users with the potential of determinant time, speed and position whether or not in motion or at rest. (b) It ought to have a continual, global, three dimensional positioning capabilities with a high degree of accuracy, Irrespective of the weather. Global Positioning System is important customary used for navigation, chase and placement aware knowledge work. Board Can be interfaced with a microcontroller through UART. Knowledge like latitude, meridian of the realm wherever vehicle Located are received. Board options connection compatible with antennas. It will operate 3.3V power provide solely.
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F. Digital display show Liquid Crystal Displays are the simplest man and machine interface giving spectacular visual data, displaying Icons, Symbols, Numerical, Alphabets and Characters. We've used ODM’s 16x2 digital display. This system consists of Mobile Data-Acquisition Unit (Mobile-DAQ) and stuck web Enabled Pollution observation Server (Pollution server).Mobile-DAQ consists of a 32-bit single- chip microcontroller integrated with a detector array Using analog ports. The Mobile-DAQ is connected to a Bluetooth module and portable victimization RS-232 interface. IV.
NOISE POLLUTION MONITORING SYSTEM
The construct of sensible Cities and therefore the observance of environmental parameters is a district of analysis that has attracted scientific attention throughout the last decade. These environmental parameters square measure well-known as necessary factors in their heart towards individuals. Huge observance of this Kind of parameters in cities is an upscale and complicated task. Recent technologies of affordable computing and lowpower devices have opened analyze to a large and a lot of accessible research field, developing observance devices for deploying Wireless sensing element Networks. Gathering info From them, improved urban plans may be meted out and therefore the info might facilitate voters. During this work, the prototyping of a affordable acoustic sensing element supported the Raspberry Pi platform for its use within the analysis of the sound field is represented. The device is additionally connected to the cloud to share
Fig 2- Operation Scheme
Results in real time. The computation resources of the Raspberry Pi permit treating top quality audio for shrewd acoustic parameters. A pilot take a look at was meted out with the installation of 2 acoustic devices within the improvement works of a section. During this readying, the analysis of those devices through long measurements was meted out, getting many acoustic parameters in real time for its broadcasting and study. This take a look at has shown the Raspberry Pi as a strong and reasonable computing core of a affordable device, however additionally the pilot take a look at has served as a question tool for the
Inhabitants of the neighborhood to be a lot of aware of the noise in their own place of residence.
V.
CHALLENGES IN IMPLEMENTATION
In order to realize the aforementioned IoT enabled sustainable applications in the context of a smart city, raises a plethora of challenges catering to the iot-based systems. The challenge to be faced, refers to embedding intelligence into common electrical objects by enabling these devices to learn and be smarter becoming more autonomous through sharing and exchange of data and information with other objects, as well as the maintenance of reliability following the volatility which tends to be introduced due to real-world dynamics. The other major challenge is to cope up with the heterogeneous platforms of the multiple smart devices that we plan to implement, by coordinating these devices on the basis of their relationship with one another, goals achieved and location requirements also their adaptation to the network of things. Furthermore, issues with regards to the end-to-end security and privacy needs to be addressed. Therefore encryption and prohibition of data theft from these devices are cardinal to their implementation. Protection from hacking via the use of firewalls and redundancies need to be incorporated into these devices. Prevention of system failure is also cardinal in the implementation of such devices and presence of backup system software which is to take over in case of a failure is detrimental. Additionally the support for scalable data analysis systems are an important requirement for these kind of systems. The requirement of processing huge amounts of metadata in real time is one of the biggest challenges we need to overcome. A. Design and requirements This section contains the different subsections where the design and creation of the prototype together with the algorithms implementation and its cloud connection are explained. The design of the device had to accomplish some requirements for achieving the final goals Proposed. Some statements have to be achieved in order to follow the low-cost, but reliable, final Device. The requirements for this prototype were: • The device has to use low-cost components to create affordable sensor networks of several devices With a relation cost-quality. • The device has to have reliability for long-term measurements. • The device should have capability to be connected to the cloud for remote updates of the software And for sharing results. • The quality of the measurements has to be enough for advanced audio parameters’ calculation. • The device has to have enough computing power to do onboard calculations.
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• The device has to be able to connect to the peripherals needed for the purposes of the project (e.g., a microphone). • The device has to be able to interpret MATLAB programming language. • The sound flow acquisition has to have the less noise inputs as possible, for avoiding extra Filtering steps. • The final device has to be protected against outdoor conditions using a protective housing. • The device needs to have different connectivity options (i.e., Wi-Fi or Ethernet). • The distance from the nodes to the power source should be a maximum of 100 m. B. The Core: Raspberry Pi A benefit of using the Raspberry Pi is the possibility of working under a free operating system. In the case of this device, a Raspbian distribution , a GNU/Linux OS distribution for Raspberry Pi, has been used. The algorithms were developed inMATLAB and compiled in C. The Internet connection Of the device also provides the possibility of working remotely, thanks to the SSH (Secure Shell). Through a command terminal it is possible to access the device and update the algorithms, softwaremaintenance tasks or checking the system can be achieved remotely. ALSA library controls the Audio configurations, managing the audio in an optimized way. Based on the bandwidth requirements for continuous information transmission, the board allows different options, principally Ethernet, Wi-Fi, zigbee or a 3G connection. In the case of this device and its deployment, the option of the Ethernet connection was chosen. For farther locations, where Ethernet connection is not available, the nodes would be equipped with wireless communication systems and the powering could come from different sources, such as batteries, solar panels or connected to an electricity supply, e.g., a lamppost. The use of a LAN connection in the deployment instead of a wireless system seeks for two main objectives: first, while a wireless connection is subject to more interference than a wired connection, Ethernet cables can be properly shielded, avoiding these unwanted effects. Although Ethernet cables can also experience signal degradation, this problem is easier to manage and avoid, taking into consideration the maximum distance, of 100 m, for proper communications and the categories and qualities of the LAN cables. Secondly, seizing the opportunity of using a cable network, a POE (Power Over Ethernet) scheme, based on IEEE 802.3af, for powering The devices was chosen. VI.
bacteria etc... To keep safe ourselves, we need to take some actions. In this paper, we are dealing with how to prevent air pollution and noise pollution. We are using some sensors, which can detect air pressure, temperature, Ultra Violet radiation, Air quality, Smoke, Nitrogen Dioxide in air and Carbon Monoxide in air, noise level etc… The sensors will sent the collected data to the cloud. Analyzing the data, a report will be generated. Based on that report, the action will be taken against pollution. VII. REFERENCES [1] [2] [3] [4]
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Himadri Nath Saha, “Comparative Performance Analysis between nrf24l01+ and XBEE ZB Module Based Wireless Ad-hoc Networks”, 2017 HN Saha, A Mandal, S Abhirup, “Recent trends in the Internet of Things”, 2017 M Narsaria, D Bhattacharya, HN Saha, “Performance Optimization and Evaluation Algorithm”, 2016 R Singh, HN Saha, D Bhattacharyya, PK Banerjee, “Administrator and Fidelity Based Secure Routing (AFSR) Protocol in MANET”, 2016 D Choudhury, D Kar, KR Biswas, HN Saha, “Energy efficient routing in mobile ad-hoc networks”, 2015 HN Saha, D Bhattacharyya, PK Banerjee, “Semi-Centralised Multi Authenticated RSSI Based Solution to Sybil Attack”,2010 A Bhattacharyya, A Banerjee, D Bose, HN Saha, D Bhattacharjee, “Different types of attacks in Mobile ADHOC Network: Prevention and mitigation techniques”, 2011 A Banerjee, D Bose, A Bhattacharyya, HN Saha, D Bhattacharyya, “Administrator and trust based secure routing in manet”, 2012 HN Saha, S Banerjee, R Nandi, R Dey, “A review on different Intrusion Detection Systems for MANET and its vulnerabilities”, 2015 HN Saha, A Chattopadhyay, D Sarkar, “Review on intelligent routing in MANET”, 2015 Debopam Ghosh Himadri Nath Saha, Debika Bhattacharyya, Bipasha Banerjee, Sulagna Mukherjee, Rohit Singh, “A Review on Attacks and Secure Routing Protocols in Manet”, 2013 HN Saha, PK Banerjee,” Fidelity Based On Demand Secure (FBOD) Routing in Mobile Adhoc Network”, 2012 HN Saha, D Bhattacharyya, AK Bandhyopadhyay, PK Banerjee, ” Two-level secure re-routing (tsr) in mobile ad hoc networks”, 2012 Dipayan Bose, Arnab Banerjee, Aniruddha Bhattacharyya, Himadri Nath Saha, Debika Bhattacharyya, Pranab Kumar Banerjee, “An efficient approach to secure routing in MANET”, 2012 Himadri Nath Saha, Dr Debika Bhattacharyya, Dr PK Banerjee, Aniruddha Bhattacharyya, Arnab Banerjee, Dipayan Bose, “Study Of Different Attacks In Manet With Its Detection & Mitigation Schemes”, 2011
CONCLUSION
Pollution is one the greatest headache of mankind. Due to pollution, the society is getting infected by diseases, viruses,
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