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Who am I? • Ph.d.-fellow since January 2016. • The Norwegian working culture and career. – Career: from nothing to overall framework. • Career theories are not ...
“…go out in the world, grow up, then come home.” A PhD-student’s backwards travelogue on Norwegian career guidance Ingrid Bårdsdatter Bakke Ph.d.-fellow [email protected] Careersupnorth.wordpress.com

Part 1:

My project and I

Who am I? • Ph.d.-fellow since January 2016 • The Norwegian working culture and career – Career: from nothing to overall framework • Career theories are not just tools, but framework for thinking – Cultural context • What’s really career?

Definitions of career - theory The career is the individually perceived sequence of attitudes and behaviors associated with work-related experiences and activities over the span of the person's life. Hall & Lerner, 1980.

Definitions of career – Protean An orientation in which the person, not the organization [or context], is in charge, where the person’s core values are driving career decisions, and where the main success criteria are subjective (psychological success). Hall, 2004.

Tristram’s definition Career is… the individual’s journey through life, learning and work. It is the place where the individual meets organisations and institutions. It is where individual psychology and aspirations meet social structure. In this sense everyone has a career.

Career in Norwegian Store Norske Leksikon (The Great Norwegian Encyclopedia):

Vocation, especially when quickly promoted to better and higher positions https://snl.no/karriere_-_l%C3%B8pebane

Henning I haven’t used that word that much, but isn’t it the thing that comes after education, work and stuff? Isn’t it?

Evereybody who’s working?

I don’t know, what do you think? Is it? Do you think that’s what it is?

Yes, these are tough questions, and I would guess that it’s because you haven’t talked about it that much.

(laughs) I have no idea, I just think so. But like this place, the people you know and see around you, who has got a career here?

Errr…. Those who are working…?

(cont)

I don’t know… (laugh) Tough questions!

I don’t think we have been talking about it at all.

Synne No, I don’t know, I, no, choose what I want to do.

Is that the opposite of thinking about career? I guess that depends on what you want, but perhaps a little bit?

Communication

Encoding, decoding and noise • Also answers to the names of: – Culture – Individuality

Part 2:

The Babel Fish: Cultural understanding Culture is “the collective programming of the mind distinguishing the members of one group or category of people from others”. https://www.hofstede-insights.com/models/national-culture/

Six dimensions of national culture • Power distance

• Individualism vs collectivism • Masculinity vs femininity • Uncertainty avoidance index • Long term orientation versus short term normative orientation • Indulgence versus restraint

Equality?

Career as promotion?

Change?

How does this affect the understanding of career in Norway? • The career concept: – Generic understanding of career as promotion – Don’t like promotion – Normativity, and slow change

Collectivistic Individualism, Hernes & Hippe (2007)

Career guidance for individuals and society • Career guidance as a policy tool and a individual welfare good – tensions and possibilities • ‘Career Management Skills with cultural baggage’ – Work: emancipation – System thinking, rather than individual responsibility

Collectivistic individualistic career? • I am calling for definitions of career that helps understand other concerns than individual needs, wants and agendas • Values already inherent in the culture • Could career be defined as: a continuing transactional relationship with the state (or other people)

Part 3:

The travelouge

Why am I here? • • • • • •

‘Broaden my thinking and open my mind’ Write Read Learn Get connected Be inspired

Alien • Surprises – Differences: • You can see • You can’t see

• Language Barrier – Explaining my project

• Expectations, politeness • Class differences – Naivity

The analysis • Thematic analysis, NVivo • The strongest story – Choice under pressure • Urban/rural context – Urban: more alternatives • Difference in status: academic/VET – Rural: other concerns • The future of the community

Bourdieu • Field, doxa, capital and habitus – The game – The rules – The win – The player

… and the hysteresis: The lag between the change in the game and the habitus picking up on it.

Next project • The Nordic Book – The ‘idea of career’ and the ‘welfare state of mind’ – Field, doxa, capital and habitus as analytical tools to understand HOW they relate to eachother

The conclusion • A new perspective makes what you already know look different • The power of theory to actually explain experience • The Nordic Book – from describing the game to understanding it better

• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

References https://snl.no/karriere_-_l%C3%B8pebane https://adventuresincareerdevelopment.wordpress.com/2018/03/09/career-guidance-policy-what-it-is-and-why-it-matters/ https://www.hofstede-insights.com/models/national-culture/ https://www.hofstede-insights.com/country-comparison/norway,the-uk/ Bakke, I. B. (2018a). Career choice and counselling in rural northern Norway. Journal of the National Institute for Career Education and Counselling(40), 6. Bakke, I. B. (2018b). Norsk karrierekompetanse - Karriereferdigheter med kulturell bagasje. In R. Kjaergård & P. Plant (Eds.), Karriereveiledning - For individ og samfunn (pp. 278). Oslo: Gyldendal Norsk Forlag. Hall, D., & Lerner, P. (1980). Career development in work organizations: Research and practice. Professional Psychology, 11(3), 428-435. doi:10.1037/0735-7028.11.3.428 Hall, D. T. (2004). The protean career: A quarter-century journey. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 65(1), 1-13. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2003.10.006 Hernes, G., & Hippe, J. M. (2007). Kollektivistisk individualisme. In J. E. Dølvik, T. Fløtten, G. Hernes, & J. M. Hippe (Eds.), Hamskifte - Den norske modellen i endring. Oslo: Gyldendal Norsk Forlag. Hooley, T., Sultana, R. G., & Thomsen, R. (2018). The Neoliberal Challenge to Career Guidance. In T. Hooley, R. G. Sultana, & R. Thomsen (Eds.), Career guidance for social justice : contesting neoliberalism (Vol. 16). New York and London: Routledge. Korsnes, O., Hansen, M. N., & Hjellbrekke, J. (Eds.). (2014). Elite og klasse i et egalitært samfunn. Oslo: Universitetsforl. NOU 2016: 7. (2016). Norge i omstilling - karriereveiledning for individ og samfunn. Oslo: Departementenes sikkerhets- og serviceorganisasjon, Informasjonsforvaltning Retrieved from https://www.regjeringen.no/no/dokumenter/nou-20167/id2485246/ Webb, J., Schirato, T., & Danaher, G. (2010). Understanding Bourdieu. London, UNITED KINGDOM: SAGE Publications. Wood, J. T. (2009). Communication in our lives (5th ed). Southbank, Victoria, Australia Thomson, Wadsworth

Thank you!