Preparation of Nanoparticles Copper Oxide using an

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Preparation of Nanoparticles Copper Oxide using an AtmosphericPressure Plasma Jet To cite this article: Ahmed A Anber et al 2018 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1032 012009

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The Sixth Scientific Conference “Renewable Energy and its Applications” IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1032 (2018) 1234567890 ‘’“” 012009 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1032/1/012009

Preparation of Nanoparticles Copper Oxide using an Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Jet

Ahmed A Anber1 , Mohammed Sh Essa2 , Ghada A Kadhim1 and Shaymaa S Hashim1 1

Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Wasit, Wasit, Iraq Ministry of Science and Technology, Renewable Energy Directorate, Solar Energy Research Center, Baghdad, Iraq

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[email protected] Abstract. In this work, nanoparticles copper oxide were prepared by using an atmospheric pressure plasma jet in NaCl–NaOH–NaNO3 electrolytic system. Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Jet was employed as the electrode (Cathode) while the anode was made of the copper strip. The formation and structure of the samples have been characterized via Fourier-transformation infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) and optical microscope. From the outcomes, the morphology was showed copper oxide nanocrystals by this technique is rely on the media of electrolytic and preparation time. It was cleared from (XRD), the addition of CuCl2 with the compositions was led to increase appearance of copper oxide. The uniformity of copper oxide nanoparticles with the average grain size about 70,104 nm. These results encourage preparing these nanostructures for using in industrial applications.

Keywords Copper oxide, Nanostructures.

Atmospheric pressure plasma jet, electrolytic system,

1. Introduction Atmospheric pressure plasma contact with electrolytic media has been studied for different application which was considered as a nonthermal plasma [1]. The plasma electrode (atmospheric plasma jet electrochemical technique) is carry out at the gas-liquid media as the cathode to prepare nanoparticles of copper oxide. liquid reactions are take place by using plasma and the discharge system is represented as the system of electrolytic media. presently, plasma can be worked as an cathode in electrolytic media. The electrode of plasma supplies ions and electrons into the electrolyte system, and many reactions can be observed in electrolysis, also using different metal electrode works as the anode to immerse into electrolytic media [2]. First, its clarified the mechanism of copper oxide nanoparticles preparation using an CuCl2 powder, which was not observed in the previous studies. Recently, nanoparticles were received interest for its applications and properties. Copper oxide is paramount material which has potential applications in solar energy conversion [3,4], sensors and catalysts [5,6–9]. In particularly, it has potential applications in photon catalytic degradation of organic pollutants under visible light [10]. Moreover, the characterization of copper oxide are cheap, low toxicity, readily available and good environmental acceptability [11–13]. Currently, nanostructures of Cu2 O with different forms was prepared by various approaches such as hydrothermal [14–15], electrochemical rout [10,16,17], chemical vapor deposition of precursors, solution synthesis Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd 1


method and there are no chemical methods [18,19,20]. Therefore, no report was researched on the preparation of copper oxide via atmospheric pressure plasma jet electrochemistry technology with AC power supply. The plasma jet have common interest from the plasma organization due to its characterization[22–24], atmospheric pressure stability and non–equilibrium thermodynamics [25,26,27]. These properties were made atmospheric pressure plasma important for many application, including gas treatment, nanofabrication, medicine, textiles and surface modification [28]. 2. Experiment Copper oxide nanoparticles were prepared by atmospheric plasma jet. A schematic diagram of the experimental set-up and a photograph of the discharge are shown in Figure 1. The system consist of a tube acted as the cathode (Inner diameter is 0.6 mm and length is 7 cm, made of stainless steel. It was located 3 cm onward from the anode. The copper strip was used as the anode (3 cm in width, 7 cm length), it was immersed in area is 2 cm2 and the distance between the surface of liquid and the needle end was 3 mm. Argon was used as a discharge gas and joined with the syringe by using glass flowmeter to control the gas flow at 60 ml/min. The reaction was occurred in glass basin (width is 5.5 cm and length is 8.5 cm). The copper electrode have been polished and then washed by distilled water. After that the copper strip was immersed into electrolytic system. The electrolytic medium was consisted of 0.001 kg/L NaOH, 0.15 kg/L NaCl, 0.0013 kg/L NaNO3 and 0.001 kg/L glucose (fructose) as stabilizers to prevent aggregation of particles with the distilled water. The second electrolyte was contained same previous component with 1.5 g/L CuCl2 . The discharge was ignited by applying of a high voltage of 3 kV with 40 KHz using AC power supply. The discharge current was ranged from 5 to 10 mA. The electrolytic system was exposure at different time, (10, 20 and 30 min) then, the color of electrolyte have been changed as shown in Figure 2. The sediment was centrifuged and dried at 50 o C for 3 h.

Figure 1. The schematic diagram of atmospheric plasma jet electrochemical synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles.

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Figure 2. (Color online) at different discharge duration: (a) 0, (b) 10, (c) 20 and (d) 30 min. The discharge current is 5 mA. The gap length is 3 mm. 3. Results and Discussion Figure 3 shows the XRD patterns of the copper oxide nanoparticles and prepared with and without CuCl2 on the electrolyte. It is clear that these powders are polycrystalline and include many crystal planes. Figure (3a) consist of four peaks belong to copper oxide nanocrystals was examined by the ICDD, USA (1979) JCPDS 1979, C 29-1133, (Joint Committee on Powder Standards). Moreover, by adding CuCl2 powder with distilled water led to appear more peaks, it was indicated that the products prepared because of the existence of copper with chlorinate and contributing to produce copper oxide into electrolyte as shown in Figure (3b). This difference could clearly be observed from change the products colour as shown in Figure 4.

Figure 3. The XRD patterns of the products prepared by atmospheric pressure plasma jet electrochemical method in different compositions: (a) without addition CuCl2 (b) with addition CuCl2

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Figure 4. The pictures of products prepared by atmospheric-pressure plasma (a)Without adding CuCl2 and (b) with adding CuCl2 . FTIR was used to estimate the chemical bonding configurations in the sediments copper oxide nanoparticles. The recorded transmission spectra were in the range of 400–4000 cm-1 . Figures 5 a and 5 b, show that (Cu2 O) samples have a strong absorption band centered at around 416 cm-1 that can be identified with the stretching vibration mode of the Cu=O bond. One band of significant absorption can be seen around 3389 cm-1 , and can be attributed to the Cu-O stretching mode in CuO molecule. These broad bands indicate that the structure of copper oxide include nanocrystals. This shift can be interpreted by considering the oxygen incorporation into the network. The main characteristic peaks around 3000–3600 cm−1 (O−H bond) were observed and the broad absorption bands between 2800 and 4000 cm−1 belonging to O-H and Cu−O groups. There are two absorption peaks reveal the vibrational modes of copper oxide nanostructures in the range of 1400–1600 cm−1 in both figures. But in Figure (5b) The major peaks were observed from 800 cm−1 to 1200 cm−1 belonging to CuCl2 group. A small shoulder at about 1615 cm-1 leaning against the water band about 1636 cm-1 ( possibly due to copper carboxylate).

Figure 5. FTIR spectra of the copper oxide nanostructures prepared in this work at different compositions: (a) without addition CuCl2 (b) with addition CuCl2 .

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Optical micrographs for the prepared copper oxide nanoparticles are shown in Figure 6. The microstructure show two prevailing features; the first is no definite grain boundaries detected but white regions and green due to addition CuCl2 in the matrix is shown in Figure 6 a. In the figure 6 b without addition CuCl2 shows the second feature is that (dark regions) are of small population, confined and totally isolated. The lack of grain boundaries channels may lead to higher dielectric constants. By using Hand-Held model Skyray Instrument EDX-Pocket III/2012 was used to record the elements analysis, (from Sulfur to uranium) wide range, also to provides detection limits at the subpart per million level. The concentrations was measured up to 100% easily can also simultaneously as shown in Figure 7.

Figure 6. Optical microscope shows the microstructure (×800) for copper oxide nanoparticles on the copper sheet: (a) with addition CuCl2 (b) without addition CuCl2

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Figure 7. Optical microscope shows the image processing with upper and side-linked curve exhibited the surface profile of copper oxide nanoparticles on the copper sheet at 30 minute: (a) without addition CuCl2 (b) with addition CuCl2 . 4. Conclusions In concluding remarks, it was cleared that quality nanostructured copper oxide powder can be prepared by atmospheric-pressure plasma jet in the gas or liquid phase. However, the preparation nanoparticles via this technique is not common. To prove these results, its need intensive efforts for exploiting the atmospheric-pressure plasma jet. The prepared copper oxide nanoparticles have a widely application such as adsorption of organic pollutants. This result can be considered high and the work can be good attempt to prepare copper oxide by atmospheric-pressure plasma jet as a new method and employ nanostructures in such important application.

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