apparent that the FBIof the sodiumalgi- natp.is lower than that of starch carbam-. ate; i.e. sodium alginate is more pseudoplasticity than starch carbamate.
..;;
"lI1EX.1i1J1IJ...E
P knitted cotton> wool rubbing fastness in the case of starch cotton. carbamate and starch carbamate/alginate
wool/cotton ratio
(L)
knitted-wool/cotton fabricshavingblending ratios of 20/80,35/ 65 and SO/SO.It is clear that, regardless of the printed fabric type, the K/5and (b) values are markedly increased withthe increment ofthe starch carbamate ratio, while (a) value is slightly affected. The (L) value, on the other hand, is lowered, as the color gets darker.
fabric
(SO/50)
Table 3 shows the K/5 as well as (L), (a) and (b) component values of printed
(75/25) thickening agent is (3-4) and being lower than the other studied thickening agent with a value of (4-5).
PRINTING ,.J
Table 4 : The fastness
and stiffness
data of the printed
Knitted
cotton
and wool fabrics
fabric
agent composition ratio (%) clirbamate Sodium alginate
Dry
Wet
Washing Fastness St. AIt.
0 25 50 75 100
4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5
3-4 3-4 4-5 4-5 4-5
4-5 4-5 4-5 5 4-5
Dry
Wt:t
Washing Fastness St. Alt.
4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5
3-4 3-4 4-5 4-5 4-5
4-5 4-5 4-5 5 4-5
Rubbing Fl!stness
Thickening Starch
cotton
TOO 75 50 25 0
Bending Length. (cm)
3-4 3-4 3-4 3-4 3-4
1.62 1.57 1.58 1.54 1.56
Woven cotton fabric Thickening Starch
agent composition (%)
carbamate
Sodium
0 25 50 75 100
ratio
Rubbing Fastness
alginate 100 75 50 25 0
Bendinl: Length
.
(cm)
3-4 3-4 3-4 3-4 3-4
1.82 1.86 1.88 I. 84 1.86
Woven wool fabric Thickening Starch
agent composition (%) carbamate Sodium
0 25 50 75 100 ~t.
= Stain
.
..
...
AIt.
ratio
Washing Fastness
Rubbing Fastness
alginate 100 75 50 25 0
Bending
Length. ..
Dry
Wet
St.
AIt.
(cm)
4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5
3-4 3-4 4-5 4-5 4-5
3 3. 4-5 4-5 4-5
3 3 4 4 4
3.05 2.94 3.00 2.92 2.90
= Alteration
The bending length of untreated
knitted
cotton
fabric
The bending length of untreated woven cotton fabric The bending length of untreated
Stiffness
The stiffness values of all the prin~ed fabric samples, expressed as bending length (cm), are showninTables4 &5. It can be obser/ed fromthe obtained data that the stiffness values for each set of the printed fabrics, I.e. knitted cotton, woven cotton, woven wool, or knitted-
woven wool fabric
= 1.42 =
1.84
= 2.84
cm cm
cm
wool/cotton blends (20/80, 35/65 and 50/ 50) are comparable.
References 1. Thomas, C., Colourage,22 (10),36 (1981).
2. Smith, B.A.,International Dyer, 3, 29(1995)..
3. Parae Osterman"D., Acta Graph 8 (1), 19 (1996).
4. Tell, M.D., and Ramani, V.Y., Am Dyest Rep, 82, 26 (1993).
5. Bide,M.and O'Hara,D.C., TextChem Color,26, 6 (1994).
.
6. Hebefsh, A., EI-Kashouti,MA, EIZairy, M.R.and Haggag,K.,Am Dves CDLDURAGE 0 APRil2004 . 29
PRINTING ,.J
Table
4 : The
fastness
and stiffness
data
Knitted
Thickening
agent composition
of the printed
cotton
ciirbamate
Sodium
alginate
0
100
25
75
50
50
75
25
100
0 Woven
Thickening
agent composition
ratio
carbamate
Sodium
alginate
0
100
25
75
50
50
75
25
100
0
wool
fabrics
Dry
Wet
Washing Fastness St. Alt.
4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5
3-4 3-4 4-5 4-5 4-5
4-5 4-5 4-5 5 4-5
Dry
Wl:t
Washing Fastness St. Alt.
4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5
3-4 3-4 4-5 4-5 4-5
4-5 4-5 4-5 5 4-5
Bending Length" (cm) 1.62 1.57 1.58 1.54 1.56
3-4 3-4 3-4 3-4 3-4
fabric
Rubbing Fastness
(%) Starch
cotton
and
fabric Rubbing F2stness
ratio
(%) Starch
cotton
Bending Length .. (cm) 1.82 1. 86 1.88 1. 84 1. 86
3-4 3-4 3-4 3-4 3-4
Woven wool fabric Thickening
agent composition
Rubbing Fastness Wet Dry
ratio
(%) Starch
carbamate
Sodium
alginate
100 75 50 25 0
0 25 50 75 100
4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5
3-4 3-4 4-5 4-5 4-5
Washing Fastness
Bending Length"""
St.
Alt.
(cm)
3
3
3.05
3
3
2.94
4-5
4
3.00
4-5
4
2.92
4-5
4
2.90
$t. = Slain Alt. = Alteration ..
The bending
length
of untreated
knitted
..,.
The bending
length
of untreated
woven
cotton
,.,.,.
The bending
length
of untreated
woven
wool
Stiffness
The stiffness values of all the prin~ed fabric samples, expressed as bending length (cm), are showninTables4 &S. It can be obser.'ed fromthe obtained data that the stiffness values for each set of the printed fabrics, Le. knitted cotton, woven cotton, woven wool, or knitted-
cotton
fabric fabric fabric
= 1.42 cm = 1.84 cm = 2.84 cm
wool/cotton blends (20/80,35/65 and 50/ 50) are comparable.
References 1. Thomas, c., C%urage, 22 (10),36 (1981).
2. Smith, B.A.,Internationa/ Dyer, 3, 29 (1995). .
3. Parae OstermanllD., Acta Graph 8 (i), 19 (1996);
,
4. Teli, M.D., and Ramani, V.Y., Am Dyest Rep, 82, 26 (1993).
5. Bide,M.and O'Hara,D.e., Te.xtChem C%r, 26, 6 (1994).
,
6. Hebelsh, A., EI-Kashouti,MA, EIZairy, M.R. and Haggag, K., Am Dves
CDLDURAGE
0 APRil2004 . 29
.-
PRINTING
~
-1
Table 5 : The fastness
and stiffness Knitted
Thickening Starch
agent composition (%) carbamate Sodium 0 25 50 75 lOO
Starch
alginate
agent composition (%) carbamate Sodium
alginate
0 25 50 75 lOO SI.
= Stain
... ...
All.
Dry
Wet
Washing Fastness St. AIt.
4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5
3-4 3-4 4-5 4-5 4-5
3 3 4-5 4-5 4-5
fabric
alginate lOO 75 50 25 0
3 3 4 4 4
Dry
Wet
Washing Fastness AIt. St.
4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5
3-4 3-4 4-5 4-5 4-5
3 3 4-5 4-5 4-5
fabric
fabrics
Bending Length. (cm) 2.36 2.27 2.30 2.24 2.28
(35/65)
3 3 4 4 4
Bending
Length.. (cm) 2.48 2.42 2.49 2.40 2.40
(SO/50)
Dry
Wet
Washing Fastness Alt. St.
4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5
3-4 3-4 4-5 4-5 4-5
3 3 4-5 4-5 4-5
Rubbing Fastness
ratio
3 3 4 4 4
Bending Length... (cm) 2.78 2.68 2.71 2.65 2.64
= AlIeration
The bending length of untreated The bending length of untreated The be:Jding length of untreated
Rep, 84, 28 (1994). Vickerstaff,T.J., J. Soc. DyersC%r, 73,237 (1957). 8. Hebeish,A.,Abd-EI-Thalougth, I. and Kamel, M., Am Dyes Rep, 62, 28 (1973). 9. Hebeish,A.,Ibrahim, M.A.,Abd-EIThalougth, I. and EI-Zairy, M.R. StarchjStarke37, 372 (1985). 10. Haggag,K.,Abd- EI-Thalougth, I.,
7.
30
wool/cotton
blends
(20/80)
Rubbing Fastness
ratio
Knitted
Starch
wool/cotton
100 75 50 25 0
agent composition (%) carbamate Sodium
fabric
cotton/wool
Rubbing Fastness
100 75 50 25 0
0 25 50 75 lOO
Thickening
wool/cotton
ratio
Knitted Thickening
data of the printed
. COLOURAGE 0
knitted knitted knitted
wool/cotton wool/cotton wool/cotton
(20/80) (35/65) (50/50
= 2.12 cm = 2.34 cm = 2.56 cm
EI-Kashouti, M.A.,and Kantough, F.A., K%r Ert, 31,47 (1989). 11. EI-Alfy,E.A., Samaha, S.H. Hebeish, A. and Tera., F.M. Proceeding of the 2nd Arab International Conferent:e on Advances in Material Science and Engineering (Polymeric Materials), Cairo and Fayoum,6-9 Sept. (1993). 12. Judd, D.B. & Wyszecki, H., Color in Business, Science and Industry, 3rd
Ed., John Wiley and Sons (1975). 13. Severs, E.T., "Rheology of r:olymerH Reinhold, New Ye>rk,1962, p. 6. 14. Teli, M.D. and Vaas, U.V., Am Dyest Rep, 79, 15 (1990). 15. Bandyopadhyay, B.N. Mukhopadhyay, A.K., Afini, A.V., Salaskar, N. R. and ACharekar, S.B., Ind. J. of Fiber & Textile Research,
24,49(1999).
.
APRIL 2004
"""
