Programming Environments for High-Performance Grid Computing

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Oct 1, 2001 - Our manual modifications to the application source code were effective but ..... R a y Tracer is a simple ray tracing program. It divides a screen .... Network simulators like NSE [26] or DaSSF [2 7 ] focus on packet delivery and.
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