Promoting Entrepreneurial Culture Among Student

3 downloads 0 Views 439KB Size Report
Program Keusahawanan (eMEP-71) consists of seven parts. In the Part ... International Journal of Arts & Sciences 3 (7) page 292-312 ... BM1411-051%20(1).pdf.
Promoting Entrepreneurial Culture Among Student Through Malaysian Academic of SME and Entrepreneurship Development (MASMED) Programme Abdol Samad Nawi1, Mazidah Puteh2, Nik Fakrulhazri Nik Hassan1 Nur Idalisa Norddin2, and Nik Fazlin Hiryati Nik Jaafar2 1Faculty of Business & Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA Terengganu 2 Faculty of Computer & Mathematical Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA Terengganu

Introduction & Problem Statement Malaysian Academic of SME and Entrepreneurship Development (MASMED) is a organisation that acts as the catalyst which is responsible for entrepreneurial activities in Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM). Various programmes and activities were carried out to achieve the objectives of MASMED. One of the objectives is to create the entrepreneurial culture among the UITM students. Somehow, this objective seems to be very subjective and difficult to measure. Thus, this research is conducted to evaluate the degree of success of MASMED programmes (Talks Series and Entrepreneurship Games) that can be realizing the entrepreneurial culture in the campus.

Objectives The aim of this study to assess the relevance of the main objectives of MASMED, ii) to appraise the implementation of MASMED programmes and activities. iii) to recognize the relationship between the objectives and the implementation of the programmes towards the interest and desire to be an entrepreneur among the students. iv) to look at the relationship between the programmes which organized by MASMED with the entrepreneurial basic skills such as communication skills, problem-solving, leadership, proactive, and creative skills and innovation

Materials & Methods Instrument: e-MEP-71 The standardized instrument – Borang Soal Selidik Pengukuran Keberkesanan Program Keusahawanan (eMEP-71) consists of seven parts. In the Part A and B section is consists with five (5) questions about MASMED objectives and ten (10) questions about implementation of MASMED programme. Meanwhile, in Part C until Part H is consist with six (6) questions about problemsolving skills, thirteen (13) questions to assess about leadership and communication skills, seven (7) questions to measure about entrepreneurial intention and interests. The next part in the questionnaire, consist twelve (12) questions to assess about proactive, five (5) questions to evaluate about creativity skills and innovation. In the last section (Part J), slightly information about gender, age, program categories, and etc. Meanwhile, in the Part A and B is consists with five (5) questions about MASMED objectives and ten (10) questions about implementation of MASMED programme. Pilot Test, Reliability Test, Respondent and Sampling Technique In order to understand the relationship and the difference between independent variables and dependent variables, researcher opted to distribute 123 questionnaires to the respondents who are follow's Talks Series and Entrepreneurship Games provided by MASMED. The selection of respondents was conducted in Purposive Sampling Technique. The instrument (e-MEP-71) based on the current and past research has conducted a pilot test to measure its reliability. However only 100 data-only suitable for analysed and the process of data using IBM SPSS. The result of the test made showed this instrument has high reliability Cronbach Alpha = 0.965, after done some adjustment based on pilot test (refer to table 1). The result of pilot test the number of items was increasing from 66 to 71items. Table 1 Pilot Test Reliability Output Part: A : Objectives of MASMED B : Implementation of MASMED

No. of Items 5 10

Cronbach’s Alpha 0.828 0.810

6 13 13 7

0.835 0.924 0.902 0.665

12 5

0.842 0.650

programmes and activities C : Problem-solving skills D : Leadership skills E : Communication skills F : Entrepreneurial intention and interests G : Proactive H : Creativity skills and Innovation

Research Hypothesis H1a: MASMED objectives programme have potential to influence entrepreneurial intention and interests H1b: MASMED implementation programme have potential to influence entrepreneurial intention and interests H2: There is a positive and significant relationship between MASMED objectives and the entrepreneurial intention and interests H3: There is a positive and significant relationship between MASMED implementation programme and activities and the entrepreneurial intention & interests H4a: There is a significant difference between demography and MASMED objectives and implementation programme H4b: There is a significant difference between demography and MASMED implementation programme H4c: There is a significant difference between demography and entrepreneurial skills Analysis Test Researcher using Pearson correlation analysis, Independent t-test analysis and One Way ANOVA to test hypothesis 2, 3, 4a, 4b and 4c. By the way, researcher also using Multiple Linear Regression Analysis to test hypothesis 1a and 1b.

Table 2 Results from Analysis

Hypothesis

Results

H1a

Success to prove / Accepted

H1b

Failed to prove / Rejected

H2

Success to prove / Accepted

H3

Success to prove / Accepted

H4a

Failed to prove / Rejected

H4b*

Success to prove / Accepted

H4c**

Success to prove / Accepted

* MASMED Implementation programme ** Gender

Based on the analysis (table 2), the result shows that MASMED objectives explain 26.1 per cent of the variance (R square) of entrepreneurial intention among students, which is highly significant were F-value of 17.098, at 2 and 97 degrees of freedom, p ≤ 0.05=0.000. Furthermore, the highest number in the beta is 0.543 for MASMED objectives score, which is significant at the 0.000. The regression model and R(0.511) is a highly significant model for this study. Thus, (Hypothesis) H1a has been accepted. Meanwhile, H1b has been rejected or failed to prove. Secondly, the result shows that MASMED objectives and the implementation of programmes or activities that organized by MASMED has a significant positive relationship with the interest and desire to be an entrepreneur among the students as well as the improvement of entrepreneurial basic skills [MASMED objectives: r=514, n=97, p=0.000 and Programmes or activities: r=386, n=97, p=0.000]. Lastly, the analysis indicated that significant of the different point of view among the students with regards to the implementation of the programmes or activities were based on their background courses [F(2,94), =3.113, p=0.049], communication skills [F(2,94), =4.277, p=0.017], and proactive [F(2,94), =3.528, p=0.033].

Discussion & Conclusion Based on the results show that MASMED objectives have potential to influence entrepreneurial intention and interests among students (26.1%). MASMED also need to improve implementation programmes and activities based on their background courses. According to gender, their have significant difference based on communication skills and proactive especially female compare to male.

Acknowledgement This study is supported by MASMED & PJIA UiTM Terengganu

References • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211 Bezzina F., (2010). Characteristics of The Maltese Entrepreneur. International Journal of Arts & Sciences 3 (7) page 292-312 Crant, J. M. (1996). The proactive personality scale as a predictor of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of small business management, 34(3), 42 Grapragasem, S., Krishnan, A., & Mansor, A. N. (2014). Current trends in malaysian higher education and the effect on education policy and practice: An overview. International Journal of Higher Education, 3(1), p85. Kementerian Pendidikan Tinggi (2016), Pelan Tindakan Keusahawanan IPT 2016 – 2020. Retrieved from https://www.mohe.gov.my/ms/muat-turun/awam/penerbitandan-jurnal/pelan-tindakan-keusahawanan-ipt-2016-2020/121-pelan-tindakan-keusahawanan-ipt-2016-2020-cover/file Krithika J. & Venkatachalam, B. (2014). Management Education and Entrepreneurial Skill Set – A Study among MBA Students of Bangalore. The International Journal of Business & Management. Vol. 2 Issues 11. page 167-171. Retrieved from file:///C:/Users/ACER/Downloads/24.-BM1411-051%20(1).pdf Leung, W. C. (2001). How to design a questionnaire. student BMJ, 9(11), 187-189. Liñán, F. (2008) Skill and value perceptions: how do they affect entrepreneurial intentions?. International Entrepreneurship Management Journal Vol. 4 page 257–272 Liñán, F., & Chen, Y. W. (2006). Testing the entrepreneurial intention model on a two-country sample. MASMED (2016), Background. Retrieved from http://masmed.uitm.edu.my/ Manshoor Hussain Abbasi, Attiya Siddqi, & Rahat ul Ain Azim (2011). Role of Effective Communications for Enhancing Leadership and Entrepreneurial Skills in University Students. Vol. 2 No. 10, page 242 – 250 Norris F. Krueger, J., Deborah V Brazeal (1994) Entrepreneurial Potential & Potential Entrepreneurs Sabaruddin Zakaria et al. (2011). Entrepreneurship Education in Malaysia: Nurturing Entrepreneurial Interest Among Students Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing, June 2011, Vol. 7, No. 6, 615-620 Shariff, A. M., Hassan, N. F. H. N., Mohamad, Z., & Jusoff, K. (2010). The relationship between active teaching and learning with graduate's entrepreneurial intention and interest. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 2(1), 283. Shapero, A., & Sokol, L. (1982). Social dimensions of entrepreneurship. In C. A. Kent, D. L. Sexton, & K. H. Vesper (Eds.) Encyclopedia of entrepreneurship. Englewood Cliffs (NJ): Prentice Hall Siti Syuhada Abd Rahman, Muhammad Firdaus Muhammad Sabri, & Suhaila Nadzri (2015) Kompetensi Keusahawanan Diri Dalam Kalangan Mahasiswa yang Mengambil Kursus Keusahawanan di Universiti. 2nd International Conferences on Management & Muamalah 2015 (Proceeding) Smith, W. L., Schallenkamp, K., & Eichholz, D. E. (2006). Entrepreneurial skills assessment: an exploratory study. International Journal of Management and Enterprise Development, 4(2), 179-201. Vesper, K.H & Gartner, W.B., (1997) Measuring Progress in Entrepreneurship Education. Journal Venturing Vol. 12 (5) page 403-421